This document describes 11 statistical tests, including their use/function, level of measurement, type of data, and sample problems. The tests covered are: Pearson R, Spearman Rank Order, One Population Z-Test, Z-Test of Independent Proportions, Z-test of Dependent Proportions, T-Test of Independent Means, T-Test of Dependent Means, Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit, Chi-Square Test of Independent Proportions, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA I), and Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA II). Each test is used to analyze different types of data and answer different statistical questions.

1. Statistical Test
USE/FUNCTION; LEVEL OF
MEASUREMENT; TYPE OF DATA;
SAMPLE PROBLEM

2. 1. Pearson R
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE
OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Pearson R Determine if
there is a
relationship/
correlation
between two
variables of the
interval or ratio
type
Interval/Ratio Entrance
exams, scores,
ratings,
grades, self
motivation
scores, self
concept
scores
Is there a
correlation
between
reading
comprehensio
n and
creativity?

3. 2. Spearman Rank Order/ Spearman Rho
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Spearman
Rank Order/
Spearman
Rho
Determine if
there is a
relationship/
correlation
between 2
variables of
the ordinal
type
Ordinal Ranked scores
of creativity
and reading
comprehension
; self concept
and motivation
Is there a
relationship
between
reading
comprehension
and creativity?

4. 3. One Population Z-Test
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
One
Population
Z-Test
Determine if
the sample
population was
drawn from the
population with
known
parameters
Interval/Ratio Population
Mean and
sample Mean
Is there a
difference
between the
population
mean and
sample
mean?

5. 4. Z-Test of Independent Proportions
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Z-Test of
Independent
Proportions
Determine if
there is
significant
difference
between 2
independent or
2 different
groups or
situation that
call for different
responses
Nominal 2 Groups
-Male/Female
-
Teachers/Students
-Yes/No
-Agree/Disagree
-In Favor/ Against
Is there a
significant
difference
between the
academic
performance of
male and female
Grade 7
students?

6. 5. Z-test of Dependent Proportions
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Z-test of
Dependent
Proportions
Determine if
there is a
significant
difference
between pairs of
observation
from a single
group
(responses
before and after)
Nominal One Group
-30 students
who are in
favor….
-agree/disagree
-yes/no
-Pretest/Post
Test
Is there a
significant
difference
between the
proportions of
students who
are in favor of
participating in a
contest before
and after the
orientation?

7. 6. T-Test of Independent Means
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
T-Test of
Independent
Means
Determine if there
is a significant
difference between
two independent
groups in terms of
mean
Ratio/ Interval Mean/ Standard
Deviation, No. of
frequency of
experimental and
Control Group
Is there a
significant
difference
between the
experimental
group and
control group in
terms of
achievement in
Science?

8. 7. T-Test of Dependent Means
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
T-Test of
Dependent
Means
Determine of
there is a
significant
difference
between 2
groups of 2 sets
of correlated
scores (Pre and
post)
Ratio/Interval Pre and post Test
Scores
Is there a
significant
difference
between the
Pre-test and post
Test Scores in
Science of the
Experimental
Group?

9. 8. Chi-Square Test of Goodness of Fit
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Chi-Square Test
of Goodness of
Fit
Determine if
there is
significant
difference
between the
observed
distribution and
expected
distribution
Nominal Strongly agree,
Agree, No
Opinion,
Disagree,
Strongly
Disagree
Is there a
significant
difference
between the
observed
distribution and
expected
distribution of
students’
responses.

10. 9. Chi-Square Test of Independent Proportions
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Chi-Square
Test of
Independent
Proportions
Determine if
there is a
relationship/
correlation
between two
variables of
the nominal
type
Nominal Sex:
Male/Female
Color
preference
Is there a
relationship
between sex
and color
preference?

11. 10. One-Way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA I)
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
One-Way
Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA I)
Determine if
there is a
significant
difference
between 2 or
more groups in
terms of means
Ratio/Interval -Medium of
instruction as IV
and
Achievement in
Science as DV
-one control
group and 2
experimental
groups
Are the three
groups differ from
each other in
terms of
achievement in
Science?

12. 11. Two-Way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA II)
STAT TEST USE/
FUNCTION
LEVEL/SCALE OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF DATA SAMPLE
PROBLEM
Two-Way
Analysis of
Variance
(ANOVA II)
Determine if
there is a
significant
difference
between 2 or
more groups
in terms of
means
Rational/Inter
val
2
Independent
variables
-Medium of
instruction
and Method
of teaching)
Are the three
groups differ
from each
other in terms
of
achievement
in Science?