Divergent plate boundaries occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates separate, new crust is formed in between through volcanic activity and magma solidifying. This results in the creation of geological features such as mid-ocean ridges under the ocean or rift valleys on land. Over millions of years, continued separation at divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of new oceans as the crust spreads out.
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes
Deformation of the Crust: Continental Drift Theory
Learning Competencies
The learners shall be able to explain how the continents drift (S11/12ESId-20), and cite evidence that support continental drift (S11/12ES-Id-21).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory; and
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes: Deformation of the Crust
The learners shall be able to:
1) explain how the seafloor spreads (S11/12ESId-23);
2) describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins (S11/12ES-Id-24); and
3) explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults (S11/12ES-Id-22).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory;
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents;
4. Identify major physiographic features of ocean basins
5. Describe the process of seafloor spreading
introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes
Deformation of the Crust: Continental Drift Theory
Learning Competencies
The learners shall be able to explain how the continents drift (S11/12ESId-20), and cite evidence that support continental drift (S11/12ES-Id-21).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory; and
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes: Deformation of the Crust
The learners shall be able to:
1) explain how the seafloor spreads (S11/12ESId-23);
2) describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins (S11/12ES-Id-24); and
3) explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults (S11/12ES-Id-22).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory;
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents;
4. Identify major physiographic features of ocean basins
5. Describe the process of seafloor spreading
introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
Download the paper to access it as a word document
This is an exam style question paper (if any doubts, just comment and within days I will reply). I hope you like this. Please like and also download the pdf so you can have it as reference. Moreover, I have combined all past papers into one which is in your hands now. Please, do not hesitate if you have any doubts regarding plate boundaries/tectonic plates or even any comments to improve my work.
that is associated with broad upwarping of the overlying litho.docxmattinsonjanel
that is associated with broad upwarping of the overlying lithosphere (figure 5.1 iA). As a result, the lithosphere is stretched, causing the brittle crustal rocks to break into large slabs. As the tectonic forces continue to pull the crust apart, these crustal fragments sink, generating an elongated depression called a continental rift (figure 5.1 ib).
A modern example of an active continental rift is the East African Rift (figure s. i 2). Whether this rift will eventually result in the breakup of Africa is a topic of continued research. Nevertheless, the East African Rift is an excellent model of the initial stage in the breakup of a continent. Here, tensional forces have stretched and thinned the crust, allowing molten rock to ascend from the mantle. Evidence for recent volcanic activity includes several large volcanic mountains including Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, the tallest peaks in Africa. Research suggests that if rifting continues, the rift valley will lengthen and deepen, eventually extending out to the margin of the landmass (r;<;ur.E 5.1 ic). At this point, the rift will become a narrow sea with an outlet to the ocean. The Red Sea, which formed when the Arabian Peninsula split from Africa, is a modern example of such a feature. Consequently, the Red Sea provides us with a view of how the Atlantic Ocean may have looked in its infancy (figure 5.1 id).
QEOD^
Forces Within sSWHBe Plate Tectonics
New lithosphere is constantly being produced at the oceanic ridges; however, our planet is not growing larger—its total surface area remains constant. A balance is maintained because older, denser portions of oceanic lithosphere descend into the mantle at a rate equal to seafloor production. This activity occurs along convergent (con = together, vergere = to move) boundaries, where two plates move toward each other and the leading edge of one is bent downward, as it slides beneath the other.
Convergent boundaries are also called subduction zones, because they are sites where lithosphere is descending (being subducted) into the mantle. Subduction occurs because the density of the descending tectonic plate is greater than the density of the underlying asthenosphere. In general, oceanic lithosphere is more dense than the asthenosphere, whereas continental lithosphere is
(
Upwarping
figure 5.11
Continental rifting and the formation of a new ocean basin.
A.
The initial stage of con tinental rifting tends to include upwelling in the mantle that is associated with broad doming of the lith-osphere.Tensional forces and buoyant uplifting of the heated lithosphere cause the crust to be broken into large slabs.
b.
A
s the crust is pulled apart, large slabs of rock sink, generating a rift valley.
C.
Further spreading generates a narrow sea, similar to the present-day Red Sea.
D.
Eventually, an expansive ocean basin and ridge system are created.
)less dense and resists subduction. As a consequence, only oceanic lithosphere will subd ...
Lecture 4 Outline Plate Tectonics – Mechanisms and MarginsL.docxSHIVA101531
Lecture 4 Outline:
Plate Tectonics – Mechanisms and Margins
Learning Objectives:
What are the types of plate boundaries?
What processes occur at different types of plate boundaries?
What are hotspots?
How does tectonics build continents and ocean basins?
What Happens at Plate Boundaries?
Plate interiors stable - geologic activity limited to surface processes
But interactions between plates at plate boundaries results in
Magma and volcanism
Faulting and earthquakes
Mountain building
Production of new crust
Recycling of old crust
What are the Types of Plate Boundaries?
Divergent
plates pulled apart
Convergent
plates collide
Transform
plates sheared
Each plate surrounded by different types of boundaries
What are the Types of Plate Boundaries?
What are Divergent Plate Boundaries?
Ridges
Crust pulled apart
Magma by decompression melting in asthenosphere
Cools to make new oceanic crust
Oceanic crust
lithosphere
asthenosphere
magma
central rift valley
faults
North Atlantic Ridge
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
East Pacific Ridge
Indian Ridge
Antarctic Ridge
Where are Divergent Plate Boundaries Found?
Ocean ridge above sea level in Iceland
Where are Divergent Plate Boundaries Found?
What are the Major Geologic Features of the Ocean Ridge?
Shield Volcano
Edge of North American Plate
Fault
Down-dropped fault block
Central rift valley
Filled by lava flows
What are Convergent Plate Boundaries?
Two plates collide with each other – two types
Subduction zone
Between two plates of different density - denser plate subducted
melting in mantle by addition of water from subducted plate
Trench and volcanic arc - chain of volcanoes on overriding plate
Earthquakes
What are Convergent Plate Boundaries?
Collision zone
between plates too buoyant to subduct
Crust thickened and mountains raised instead
Earthquakes but no volcanoes
Indian Plate
Eurasian Plate
Younger and weaker
Older and stronger
deformed
Which Plate gets Subducted?
If both plates composed of oceanic crust
older and denser crust subducted by younger and lighter crust
Overriding plate
Plate boundary
Where Can We Find an Example of an Oceanic Plate Subducted by Another Oceanic Plate?
Pacific Plate subducted by Philippine Plate at Mariana Trench
Pacific Plate
(older)
Philippine Plate
(younger)
Japan Trench
Mariana Trench
Challenger Deep
Eurasian Plate
Which Plate gets Subducted?
If one plate of continental crust and one of oceanic crust
denser oceanic crust subducted by lighter continental crust
Material too light to subduct added to continent as accreted terranes
sediments, volcanic islands, fragments of continental crust
Where Can We Find an Example of a Collision Zone?
Indian and Eurasian Plates
Collision began 45 mya when subduction completely closed ocean basin
Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau
Recent or continuing collisions produce Earth’s tallest mountains
50 mya
today
Closing Ocean
Spreading Ocean
14
Oblique motion betw ...
This is the entire CSEC geography syllabus (some things might be missing). The information was collected from various websites and textbooks. The topics are:
- Internal forces
-External forces
-Rivers
-Limestone
-Coasts
-Coral reefs and Mangroves
-Weather and Climate
- Ecosystems (vegetation and soils)
-Natural hazards
- Urbanization
-Economic activity
-Environmental degradation
A LESSON PLAN ON male reproductive system. Credit to the composer of the song. search for the male reproductive system powerpoint presentation on this.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. PLATE BOUNDARIES
Determining location of earthquake epicenters
plays a vital role in laying the foundation of
plate tectonics.
The places on Earth where most of the
earthquakes originated or some of the
mountains and volcanoes were formed
marked the boundaries of each lithospheric
plates
3. 3 TYPESOF PLATE BOUNDARIES
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
2 lithospheric plates move away from
each other
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
2 lithospheric plates move toward
each other
TRANSFROM FAULT
2 lithospheric plates slide past each other
10. Questions:
1. What are common in four
pictures?
2.Million of years ago, landmasses
in each picture were once connected
.What do you think is happening to
the Earth’s crust in those pictures?
3. If this event continues for million
of years, what do you think will be
the effect on the crust?
12. Types of divergent plate boundary
1. continental divergence
-As the two plates pull apart, normal faults develop on
both sides of the rift, and the central blocks slide
downwards
Early in the rift-forming process, streams and rivers
will flow into the sinking rift valley to form a long
linear lake.
As the rift grows deeper it might drop below sea level,
allowing ocean waters to flow in.This will produce a
narrow, shallow sea within the rift.
This rift can then grow deeper and wider. If rifting
continues, a new ocean basin could be produced.
13.
14.
15. Example
The East Africa RiftValley is a classic example of
this type of plate boundary.The East Africa Rift is
in a very early stage of development.The plate
has not been completely rifted, and the rift valley
is still above sea level but occupied by lakes at
several locations.The Red Sea is an example of a
more completely developed rift.There the plates
have fully separated, and the central rift valley
has dropped below sea level.
16. GEOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a rift valley sometimes occupied by long
linear lakes or a shallow arm of the
ocean; numerous normal faults
bounding a central rift valley;
shallow earthquake activity along the
normal faults.
Volcanic activity sometimes occurs
within the rift.
17. 2. Oceanic Divergence
When a divergent boundary occurs beneath
oceanic lithosphere, the rising convection
current below lifts the lithosphere, producing a
mid-ocean ridge.
Extensional forces stretch the lithosphere and
produce a deep fissure. When the fissure opens,
pressure is reduced on the super-heated mantle
material below.
It responds by melting, and the new magma
flows into the fissure.The magma then solidifies
and the process repeats itself.
18.
19.
20. example
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of
this type of plate boundary.The Ridge is a
high area compared to the surrounding
seafloor because of the lift from the
convection current below.
21. GEOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a submarine mountain range such as the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge;
volcanic activity in the form of fissure
eruptions;
shallow earthquake activity;
creation of new seafloor and a widening
ocean basin.
22.
23. ASSESSMENT
Which of the following is NOT an example
of a divergent plate boundary?
a.The boundary between the Nazca Plate and
the South American Plate
b.The boundary between the North American
Plate and the Eurasian Plate
c.The East African Rift
d.The plate boundary that passes over Iceland
24. Which of the following describes a divergent
boundary?
a. When two plates collide with each other
b. When two plates interact in any way
c.When two plates move apart from each other
d.When two plates slide alongside each other
25. What feature forms near divergent
boundaries between two pieces of oceanic
crust?
a. Mid-ocean ridge
b. Non-volcanic mountain
c. Continental rift valley
d.Trench