1) An atmosphere is a layer of gas that surrounds a world and can be obtained through comet impacts, outgassing during planetary differentiation and volcanism, and ongoing volcanic outgassing.
2) Atmospheric properties like temperature and composition vary with altitude due to interactions with sunlight.
3) Key atmospheric processes include gaining gases through volcanism and impacts and losing them through escape and surface interactions, while the greenhouse effect traps heat from the sun.
This presentation talks about our atmosphere, its composition, the layers of the atmosphere, effects of EM radiation, EM spectrum, Visible spectrum, factors affecting our atmosphere, terrestrial long wave flux and how earth's radiation release and income gets balanced in brief, the sources from which the information has been taken is mentioned in the end of the presentation.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - WAVE, MARINE AND SUB-AERIAL PROCESSES. An overall presentation of the first sub-chapter of Coastal Environments chapter.
This presentation talks about our atmosphere, its composition, the layers of the atmosphere, effects of EM radiation, EM spectrum, Visible spectrum, factors affecting our atmosphere, terrestrial long wave flux and how earth's radiation release and income gets balanced in brief, the sources from which the information has been taken is mentioned in the end of the presentation.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - WAVE, MARINE AND SUB-AERIAL PROCESSES. An overall presentation of the first sub-chapter of Coastal Environments chapter.
Tropical cyclones—variously defined as hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones—regularly impact human populations and periodically produce devastating weather-related natural disasters. The destructive forces of cyclonic winds, inundating rains, and storm surge are frequently accompanied by floods, tornadoes, and landslides.
Every continent or island is bordered by a long or short coastline. Coastline is the line separating the land and sea. Coastal zones are the transition zones between terrestrial and marine habitat. They form an interface between land and oceanic natural processes. Coastal areas also are varied in their topography, climate and vegetation. Some are sandy beaches, rocky shores, with or without tidal inlets. The climate of a coast are controlled by the land and sea breezes and the humidity controlled by marine water. Waves are powerful tools for constructive and destructive activities. Hence. the geomorphology of beach, materials and processes are always not constant due to the impact of everlasting action of tides, waves and currents.
Tropical cyclones—variously defined as hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones—regularly impact human populations and periodically produce devastating weather-related natural disasters. The destructive forces of cyclonic winds, inundating rains, and storm surge are frequently accompanied by floods, tornadoes, and landslides.
Every continent or island is bordered by a long or short coastline. Coastline is the line separating the land and sea. Coastal zones are the transition zones between terrestrial and marine habitat. They form an interface between land and oceanic natural processes. Coastal areas also are varied in their topography, climate and vegetation. Some are sandy beaches, rocky shores, with or without tidal inlets. The climate of a coast are controlled by the land and sea breezes and the humidity controlled by marine water. Waves are powerful tools for constructive and destructive activities. Hence. the geomorphology of beach, materials and processes are always not constant due to the impact of everlasting action of tides, waves and currents.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. 10.1 Atmospheric Basics
• Our goals for learning
• What is an atmosphere?
• How do you obtain an atmosphere?
3. What is an atmosphere?
An atmosphere is a layer of gas that surrounds a world
4. How do you obtain an atmosphere?
– Gain volatiles by comet impacts
– outgassing during differentiation
– Ongoing outgassing by volcanoes
5. Keeping an Atmosphere
• Atmosphere is kept by the world’s gravity
– Low mass (small) worlds= low gravity
=almost no atm.
– High mass(large) worlds = high gravity
= thick atm.
• Gravity and pressure
– Air pressure depends on how much gas is
there ie. The atmospheric thickness.
6. Gravity and Atmospheric Pressure
• The stronger the gravity, the more gas is held by the
world and the greater the weight of atm. on a point
8. Atmospheric Pressure
Gas pressureGas pressure
depends on bothdepends on both
density anddensity and
temperature.temperature.
Adding airAdding air
moleculesmolecules
increases theincreases the
pressure in apressure in a
balloon.balloon.
Heating the airHeating the air
also increasesalso increases
the pressure.the pressure.
10. Light’s Effects on Atmosphere
• Ionization:
Removal of an
electron
• Dissociation:
Destruction of a
molecule
• Scattering:
Change in photon’s
direction
• Absorption:
Photon’s energy is
12. Earth’s Atmospheric Structure
• Troposphere:
lowest layer of
Earth’s atmosphere
• Temperature drops
with altitude
• Warmed by infrared
light from surface and
convection
13. Earth’s Atmospheric Structure
• Stratosphere:
Layer above the
troposphere
• Temperature rises
with altitude in lower
part, drops with
altitude in upper part
• Warmed by
absorption of
ultraviolet sunlight
14. Earth’s Atmospheric Structure
• Thermosphere:
Layer at about 100
km altitude
• Temperature rises
with altitude
• X rays and ultraviolet
light from the Sun
heat and ionize
gases
15. Earth’s Atmospheric Structure
• Exosphere: Highest
layer in which
atmosphere gradually
fades into space
• Temperature rises
with altitude; atoms
can escape into space
• Warmed by X rays
and UV light
16. What have we learned?
• What is an atmosphere?
– A layer of gas that surrounds a world
• How do you obtain an atmosphere?
– comet impacts.
– outgassing by differentiation, volcanoes,
• Why do atmospheric properties vary with
altitude?
– They depend on how atmospheric gases interact
with sunlight at different altitudes.
17. Atmospheric Processes 1
• Our goals for learning
• What are the key processes?
• How does a planet gain or lose
atmospheric gases?
• How does the greenhouse effect warm a
planet?
18. Atmospheric Processes
• Gaining and losing atmosphere
– Gains: volcanic outgassing, impacts, evaporation.
– Losses: gas escape,impacts,condensation,surface reactions
• Greenhouse Effect
– Infrared energy is re-reflected back to the ground by CO2
• Atmospheric circulation (convection)
– Convection cells move gas from equator to pole and back.
• Coriolis Effect
– Gas dragged sideways by the rotation rate of the world.
24. What have we learned?
• There are 3 ways of adding to atmosphere
and 4 ways of depleting it.
– Gas molecules can transfer out to space or
down to the ground.
• How does the greenhouse effect warm a
planet?
– Atmospheric molecules allow visible sunlight to
warm a planet’s surface but absorb infrared
photons, trapping the heat.
27. Atmospheric Pressure
Gas pressure
depends on both
density and
temperature.
Adding air
molecules
increases the
pressure in a
balloon.
Heating the air
also increases
the pressure.
(molecules more
energetic)
31. Coriolis Effect breaks up
Global Circulation
• On Earth the large
circulation cell breaks
up into 3 smaller ones,
moving diagonally
• Other worlds have
more or fewer
circulation cells
depending on their
rotation rate
32. Coriolis
Effect
Winds blow N or S Winds blow W or EWinds are diagonal
Venus Earth
Mars
Jupiter, Saturn
Neptune, Uranus(?)
34. What have we learned?
• What creates wind and weather?
– Atmospheric heating and Coriolis effect.
– Solar warming creates convection cells.
– The coriolis effect drags winds sideways
and breaks up the cells
– The faster a planet spins, the more E-W
gas movement there is
35. Weather and Climate
• Weather is the ever-varying
combination of wind, clouds,
temperature, and pressure
– Local complexity of weather makes it difficult
to predict
• Climate is the long-term average of
weather
– Long-term stability of climate depends on
global conditions and is more predictable
36. Factors that can Cause
Long-Term Climate Change
• Brightening of Sun
• Changes in axis tilt
• Changes in reflectivity
• Changes in greenhouse gases