This document summarizes a study on fluidization of wheat flour and additive particles in a conical fluidized bed. Key points:
- Conical fluidized beds can handle particles of varying sizes and cohesive particles better than traditional cylindrical beds due to varying gas velocity.
- An experiment was conducted using a two-dimensional conical bed with a 20.5° cone angle. Wheat flour and crushed wheat were used as particles.
- Pressure drop and fluidization properties were measured for beds containing various ratios of flour and crushed wheat additive. The study aimed to improve fluidization of cohesive flour using the crushed wheat additive.
Conical Fluidized Beds - Case Study for a Gas Solid System Involving Coarse P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on fluidization characteristics in conical fluidized beds. Three key points:
1) Conical fluidized beds were studied using silica sand particles in beds with cone angles of 10 and 20.5 degrees. Three distinct flow regimes - fixed bed, partially fluidized bed, and fully fluidized bed - were observed as gas velocity increased.
2) Parameters like initial bed height and cone angle affected minimum fluidization velocities and maximum pressure drops. These values increased with greater bed height and cone angle.
3) Models were developed based on experiments to predict minimum fluidization velocities and pressure drops in conical beds, taking into account factors like particle properties, bed geometry, and gas velocity
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes a numerical study of squeeze film dampers. Key points:
- Squeeze film dampers are used in turbomachinery to reduce vibration and improve stability by dissipating energy through viscous forces.
- A steady state solver was used to model the whirling motion of the rotor, allowing for more efficient computation compared to unsteady models.
- Results from simulations at 50Hz matched well with experimental pressure data, validating the steady state approach.
- Pressure and liquid fraction contours from the simulations showed the expected patterns, with high pressure before minimum clearance dropping rapidly afterward.
Influence Of The Powder/Asphalt Ratio On The High Stress Responses Of Crumb R...IJERA Editor
In order to study different powder/asphalt ratios effect on nonlinear viscoelastic responses of mortar, this paper
choose limestone as the filler, and powder/asphalt ratio is 0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8.The tests were conducted using a
Dynamic Shear Rheometer to perform multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests.The test results show
that,with the increase of powder/asphalt ratio irrecoverable creep compliance(Jnr) value of the mortar ,
decrease gradually, and the amplitude is larger.High temperature performance of the mortar are improve
obviously.Using environmental scanning electron microscopy to scan those mortars,it analyzed the improvement
of mortar from the microcosmic mechanism.
The document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the thermal performance of a circular journal bearing. The analysis was conducted using two approaches: 1) iso-thermal, which assumes constant viscosity, and 2) thermo-hydrodynamic, which accounts for viscosity variation with temperature. Higher pressures, temperatures, and oil film forces were observed in the iso-thermal approach compared to the thermo-hydrodynamic approach, which more accurately models the viscosity decrease with increasing temperature. The rise in these parameters increased with journal speed for both approaches, but was greater for the iso-thermal case that neglects viscosity variation effects.
Analytical Method for Asphalt Concrete Mix DesignPENKI RAMU
This document presents an analytical method for asphalt concrete mix design using granite powder as filler. It discusses selecting aggregates, developing aggregate gradation models, determining proportions using Excel Solver, estimating gradation areas with Trapezoidal rule, and evaluating mixtures using Marshall stability tests. Test results show granite powder produces comparable properties to stone dust filler and influences aging by increasing stiffness. The method allows quick, accurate mix design optimization.
This geotechnical investigation report summarizes soil testing performed for the construction of a shopping mall and residential building in Karachi, Pakistan. Field testing included borehole drilling, standard penetration testing, and soil sampling. Laboratory tests analyzed grain size, Atterberg limits, unconfined compression strength, density, moisture content, direct shear strength, and chemistry. The direct shear tests determined cohesion and angle of friction values for soil samples from 8 boreholes ranging from 0-1.0 kg/cm2 and 12.1-36.4 degrees, respectively. The report provides details of the field and laboratory testing done to characterize the soil conditions at the construction site.
Conical Fluidized Beds - Case Study for a Gas Solid System Involving Coarse P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on fluidization characteristics in conical fluidized beds. Three key points:
1) Conical fluidized beds were studied using silica sand particles in beds with cone angles of 10 and 20.5 degrees. Three distinct flow regimes - fixed bed, partially fluidized bed, and fully fluidized bed - were observed as gas velocity increased.
2) Parameters like initial bed height and cone angle affected minimum fluidization velocities and maximum pressure drops. These values increased with greater bed height and cone angle.
3) Models were developed based on experiments to predict minimum fluidization velocities and pressure drops in conical beds, taking into account factors like particle properties, bed geometry, and gas velocity
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
This document summarizes a numerical study of squeeze film dampers. Key points:
- Squeeze film dampers are used in turbomachinery to reduce vibration and improve stability by dissipating energy through viscous forces.
- A steady state solver was used to model the whirling motion of the rotor, allowing for more efficient computation compared to unsteady models.
- Results from simulations at 50Hz matched well with experimental pressure data, validating the steady state approach.
- Pressure and liquid fraction contours from the simulations showed the expected patterns, with high pressure before minimum clearance dropping rapidly afterward.
Influence Of The Powder/Asphalt Ratio On The High Stress Responses Of Crumb R...IJERA Editor
In order to study different powder/asphalt ratios effect on nonlinear viscoelastic responses of mortar, this paper
choose limestone as the filler, and powder/asphalt ratio is 0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8.The tests were conducted using a
Dynamic Shear Rheometer to perform multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests.The test results show
that,with the increase of powder/asphalt ratio irrecoverable creep compliance(Jnr) value of the mortar ,
decrease gradually, and the amplitude is larger.High temperature performance of the mortar are improve
obviously.Using environmental scanning electron microscopy to scan those mortars,it analyzed the improvement
of mortar from the microcosmic mechanism.
The document summarizes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the thermal performance of a circular journal bearing. The analysis was conducted using two approaches: 1) iso-thermal, which assumes constant viscosity, and 2) thermo-hydrodynamic, which accounts for viscosity variation with temperature. Higher pressures, temperatures, and oil film forces were observed in the iso-thermal approach compared to the thermo-hydrodynamic approach, which more accurately models the viscosity decrease with increasing temperature. The rise in these parameters increased with journal speed for both approaches, but was greater for the iso-thermal case that neglects viscosity variation effects.
Analytical Method for Asphalt Concrete Mix DesignPENKI RAMU
This document presents an analytical method for asphalt concrete mix design using granite powder as filler. It discusses selecting aggregates, developing aggregate gradation models, determining proportions using Excel Solver, estimating gradation areas with Trapezoidal rule, and evaluating mixtures using Marshall stability tests. Test results show granite powder produces comparable properties to stone dust filler and influences aging by increasing stiffness. The method allows quick, accurate mix design optimization.
This geotechnical investigation report summarizes soil testing performed for the construction of a shopping mall and residential building in Karachi, Pakistan. Field testing included borehole drilling, standard penetration testing, and soil sampling. Laboratory tests analyzed grain size, Atterberg limits, unconfined compression strength, density, moisture content, direct shear strength, and chemistry. The direct shear tests determined cohesion and angle of friction values for soil samples from 8 boreholes ranging from 0-1.0 kg/cm2 and 12.1-36.4 degrees, respectively. The report provides details of the field and laboratory testing done to characterize the soil conditions at the construction site.
ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY STUDY OF STONE MATRIX ASPHALT(SMA) BY MARSHALL MIX DE...Akash KaPatel
This document outlines a study on the design of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mix using waste materials as fillers. The study aims to compare the Marshall properties of SMA samples containing two different fillers: brick dust and lime powder. Literature on previous studies investigating the use of various waste materials in SMA mixes is reviewed. The methodology adopted involves material testing of the bitumen, aggregates, and fillers to be used. A Marshall mix design is then carried out as per specifications, varying the bitumen content. Test results are analyzed to determine the optimum binder content for each filler. The results show that the SMA mix containing brick dust filler meets design criteria and performs better than the lime powder filler mix based on
Specific Gravity & Absorption of Aggregate (Coarse & Fine) | Jameel AcademyJameel Academy
This document reports on a test to determine the specific gravity and absorption of fine and coarse aggregates. The specific gravities of coarse aggregate were found to be 2.55, 2.7, and 2.8 for bulk dry, SSD, and apparent respectively. For fine aggregate, the specific gravities were 2.64, 2.7, and 2.8. The absorptions were 2.3% for coarse and 1.78% for fine. While the specific gravities were normal, the absorptions were outside standard ranges, likely due to errors in measuring the fine aggregate's slump or not waiting 24 hours for coarse aggregate heating. In conclusion, the aggregates tested would not be suitable for use due to
This presentation focuses on the significance of soil compaction (particularly the Proctor Test), how the test is performed, necessary equipment and helpful tips.
MINOR REPORT - To understand the behavior of strength and workability by cha...suraj jha
This document presents the results of a minor project studying the variation in workability and strength of concrete by changing the procedure of mixing. Three trials were conducted with different mixing methods: 1) conventional mixing, 2) using pre-wetted aggregates and accounting for absorbed water, and 3) pre-wetted aggregates with water added to exceed the 0.5 water-cement ratio. Trial 2 produced concrete with true slump and highest compressive strength for both grades studied. The document concludes that pre-wetting aggregates improves workability and strength.
This document presents a project on utilizing egg shell powder and micro silica as partial replacements for cement in concrete. The project aims to study the strength properties of concrete with different ratios of egg shell powder and micro silica substitutions. The methodology involves 9 steps including studying literature, calculating material quantities, casting specimens, curing, and testing compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths at 7 and 28 days. Some difficulties in crushing egg shells to 90 microns are mentioned. An expected time schedule and conclusions are provided, stating that 5% egg shell powder with 20% micro silica achieved similar compressive strength as conventional concrete.
Investigation for Strength of Layering of Pelletized Balls Used As Feed for G...IJERA Editor
To bring the mandatory changes in feed preparation of conventional methods of gas solid reactions the method
of pelletization is introduced. This paper provides the best case of balls which are sustainable to pressure
maintained for gas solid reaction so that desired size and production rate of balls can be achieved. Pelletization
is agglomeration technique which is beneficial with fine powder to improve feed preparation present in the gas
solid reaction. This technique is useful to increase production rate and to reduce the difficulties which occur in
production by mechanical means with heavy mechanical operating devices. Currently many of the chemical
industries are using briquettes for gas solid reaction which consume extra power, cost and time. Hence this can
be substituted by using pelletization and material science technique. Pellets should be improvised alternated feed
preparation for gas solid reaction as manufacturing of pellet consumes less time and power. It has better surface
area and porosity when compared to the briquettes. Few sets of experiments have been done to overcome factors
affecting in pellet making and positive result are observed.
This document provides descriptions and standard test methods for various soil tests. It summarizes tests for soil classification (AASHTO, USCS), moisture content, density, shear strength, compressibility, permeability and other engineering properties. Standard tests are described for particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, consolidation, direct shear, triaxial shear, and Proctor compaction testing. Typical results are given for soil classification systems and standard Proctor tests. Equations are also provided for estimating the external friction angle between soils and structures like piles and retaining walls.
IRJET- Self-Compacting Concrete - Procedure and Mix DesignIRJET Journal
This document presents a procedure for designing self-compacting concrete mixes. It describes testing various mix designs to achieve the required properties of self-compacting concrete, including adequate flowability, passing ability, and resistance to segregation. A series of trial mixes were conducted by varying the proportions of coarse and fine aggregates, water-cement ratio, and superplasticizer dosage. The optimal mix was determined to have 34% coarse aggregate, 57% fine aggregate, a water-cement ratio of 0.50, and 1.15% superplasticizer. This mix met all acceptance criteria for self-compacting concrete based on slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Compressive strength results
STRESS ANALYSIS OF CFRP STRENGTHENED SLABS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGEIAEME Publication
This paper includes an experimental and analyticalinvestigation of flexural behavior ofreinforcedconcrete two-way slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets, CFRP bar due to
temperature change. Normal concrete was used to cast the slabs. The experimental work
includes testing of twelve reinforced concrete slab specimens with dimensions(900mmx900mmx70mm). These slabs can be dividedaccording to temperature change to three
groups at 23 ,45 and 80according to strengthening to four groups each group contain three specimens, first group was
tested without strengthening acts as reference slabs (control),second group was reinforcedwith (CFRP) bar, third group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 5cm each 10 cmand the
last group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 10cm each 20cm. The use of CFRP sheetsdelays the appearance of the cracks by (60%
strengthening. The experimental results showed that the slabs reinforcement with CFRP bar
reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (0.61%concrete slab. Also the experimental results show that theultimate loads are increased by
about (0.61%-83.03%) for the slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets with respect to theunstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab). The increase in load carrying capacityof slab due to temperature change was (36.36%strengthening at 23 . The optimum a result was in the slabsstrengthen by CFRP sheets 5cmeach 10cm at temperaturestrengthen slabs . The numerical analyses present threecomputer program (ABAQUS 6.13).
The document discusses the Marshall method for designing asphalt concrete mixes. It describes creating trial mixes with varying asphalt contents and testing them for properties like stability, flow, density and voids. The optimum asphalt content is selected based on maximum stability, density and a specified air voids level. Test results and mix proportions are evaluated against specifications to adjust the mix design if needed.
This document summarizes research on mechanical activation of concrete mixtures using high-energy mixing. The key points are:
1) High-energy mixing increases the surface activity of cement and sand particles, allowing more water to interact and form calcium-silicate-hydrate gel which accelerates cement hydration and increases early strength.
2) This process can achieve a 50% reduction in cement quantity by substituting with fly ash while maintaining strength, significantly decreasing energy consumption.
3) The optimal high-energy mixing uses an impeller with minimal turbulence to maximize energy absorption, and adds sand to provide energy dissipation and increase shear stresses on cement particles.
IRJET- Analysis of Rice Husk Ash as a Second Stringer of Cement in Concre...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It discusses how RHA can improve the mechanical and durability properties of concrete while providing economic and environmental benefits. The study examines the effects of replacing cement with 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% RHA on the consistency, workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixtures. The results showed that concrete containing up to 21% RHA replacement exhibited increased compressive and flexural strengths compared to the control mixture. However, strengths decreased with 28% replacement. Workability was reduced with RHA but increased again at 28% replacement. Therefore, RHA can effectively replace up to 21
Study on partial_replacement_of_natural_aggregate_Abdelrazzaak
This study examines the partial replacement of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) to reduce usage of natural resources and utilize construction and demolition waste. The cement in RAC is replaced with recycled coarse aggregate at proportions of 40%, 60%, and 80% and the compressive strength and flexural rigidity of the concrete are tested. The results show that RAC with 80% replacement has higher strength than concrete with 50% replacement. Testing of the recycled coarse aggregate shows properties similar to natural coarse aggregate, indicating it can partially replace natural aggregate and reduce resource usage while recycling demolition waste.
Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheetIJERA Editor
Under the leadership of the Kyoto agreements on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the automotive sector was forced to review its methods and production technologies in order to meet the new environmental standards. In fuel consumption reduction is an immediate way to reduce the emission of polluting gases. In this paper, the study of the formability of sheet submitted to the hydroforming process is proposed. The numerical results are given to validate the proposed approach. To show the influence of uncertainties in the study process, we take some characteristics of the material as random and the probabilistic approach is done. The finding results are showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
IRJET- Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on stabilizing black cotton soil through the addition of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to low stability, strength, and large volume changes from swelling and shrinkage. GGBS is a byproduct of steel production that causes land pollution. The study aims to address both soil stabilization and GGBS waste disposal. Tests found that adding 30% GGBS increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimum moisture content compared to untreated soil. Plasticity index and free swell index also decreased with 30% GGBS addition. The study concludes GGBS addition effectively stabilizes black cotton soil.
This document discusses a project to study the use of fly ash for soil stabilization. The objectives are to identify the local soil type, analyze its properties, determine the optimum moisture content, and compare the properties with and without fly ash addition. The methodology involves collecting soil samples, conducting tests like proctor compaction and CBR to establish baseline properties, adding varying amounts of fly ash, and re-testing after curing to find the optimum fly ash dosage. The literature review covers previous studies analyzing improvements to soil strength and compressibility from fly ash addition. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of soil stabilization methods and identification of additional materials to further boost soil strength.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR WITH ADMIXTUREIAEME Publication
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of mortar with admixture. Mortar samples with different proportions of admixture (0%, 2%, 5%) were tested for properties in plastic and hardened states. In plastic state, flow table tests showed that workability increased with admixture content up to 5% for a 1:3 mortar proportion, but decreased for a 1:6 proportion. In hardened state, compressive strength was measured at 3 and 7 days. For the 1:3 proportion, strength was maintained above code limits with admixture. But for 1:6, strength decreased below limits. The study concluded the admixture improved workability for 1:3 mortar but not 1:
HVOF Sprayed WC-Cocr Coating on Mild Steel: Microstructure and Wear Evaluationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IRJET-Development of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) by Utilising Fly...IRJET Journal
This document describes research into developing controlled low strength material (CLSM) using fly ash, manufactured sand, effluent treatment plant sludge, and cement. Various tests were conducted on the materials to characterize their properties. CLSM mixtures were prepared with different proportions of the materials. Testing showed the mixtures had adequate flowability and achieved the target unconfined compression strengths of less than 8.3 MPa at 7 and 28 days, making them suitable for use as fill material. The research demonstrated the viability of utilizing waste materials like sludge and fly ash in CLSM production.
Improving Operability of Lab-Scale Spouted Bed Using Global Stochastic Optimi...IJERA Editor
A spouted bed is a special case of fluidization. It is an effective means of contacting gas with coarse solid particles .Gas-solid spouted beds are either cylindrical bed with cone base or the whole bed is in a cone shape where the gas enters as a jet. The gas forms a spout region that carries the solids upward in a diluted phase that forms a fountain at the top of the bed where the solids fall down and move downward in the annular region. Performance of gas-solid spouted bed benefit from solids uniformity structure with lower pressure drop (PD).Dropping of PD across a spouted bed could reduce the dissipated pumping energy and improve stability and uniformity of solid particles. The objective of this work is to study and selecting best operating conditions that could minimize PD across the bed. Optimization technique is a powerful tool would guide the experimental work and reduce the risk and cost for design and operation Hence, PD is to be considered as objective function of the optimization process .Three selected decision variables are affecting objective function. These decision variables are gas velocity, particle density and particle diameter. Steady-state measurements were carried out in a narrow 3-inch (0.076 m ID) cylindrical spouted bed made of Plexiglas that used 60° conical shape base. Radial concentration of particles (glass and steel beads) at various bed heights under different flow patterns were measured using sophisticated optical probes. A superficial velocity of air ranging from 0.74 to 1.0 m/s .PD was measured across the bed by high accuracy pressure transducers. Stochastic Genetic Algorithm (GA) has found suitable global search for the non-linear hybrid spouted bed. Optimum results could select the best operating conditions for high-performance and stable conditions. Uniformity and stability of solid particles in the bed would enhance hydrodynamic parameters, heat and mass transfer. Best Operability of the bed was observed with low-density, large size of solid beads, low gas velocity at low PD. Size of solid particles and velocity of gas have been found the sensitive decision variables with PD mutations. Sensitivity of these variables could be increased at unlimited upper bounds of operating conditions. An advanced control system for sensitive decision variables would be recommended to improve operability of the spouted bed.
This document discusses three phase fluidization, which involves suspending a granular solid in a fluidized state using gas and liquid passing through it. Three phase fluidized beds are used for various chemical reactions and industrial applications. Key parameters for three phase fluidized beds include bed expansion, phase holdups, minimum fluidization velocity, and gas holdup. Correlations are presented for predicting minimum fluidization velocity and gas holdup based on dimensionless groups. The gas holdup is influenced by variables like liquid and gas velocities, liquid properties, particle properties, and bed dimensions.
ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY STUDY OF STONE MATRIX ASPHALT(SMA) BY MARSHALL MIX DE...Akash KaPatel
This document outlines a study on the design of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mix using waste materials as fillers. The study aims to compare the Marshall properties of SMA samples containing two different fillers: brick dust and lime powder. Literature on previous studies investigating the use of various waste materials in SMA mixes is reviewed. The methodology adopted involves material testing of the bitumen, aggregates, and fillers to be used. A Marshall mix design is then carried out as per specifications, varying the bitumen content. Test results are analyzed to determine the optimum binder content for each filler. The results show that the SMA mix containing brick dust filler meets design criteria and performs better than the lime powder filler mix based on
Specific Gravity & Absorption of Aggregate (Coarse & Fine) | Jameel AcademyJameel Academy
This document reports on a test to determine the specific gravity and absorption of fine and coarse aggregates. The specific gravities of coarse aggregate were found to be 2.55, 2.7, and 2.8 for bulk dry, SSD, and apparent respectively. For fine aggregate, the specific gravities were 2.64, 2.7, and 2.8. The absorptions were 2.3% for coarse and 1.78% for fine. While the specific gravities were normal, the absorptions were outside standard ranges, likely due to errors in measuring the fine aggregate's slump or not waiting 24 hours for coarse aggregate heating. In conclusion, the aggregates tested would not be suitable for use due to
This presentation focuses on the significance of soil compaction (particularly the Proctor Test), how the test is performed, necessary equipment and helpful tips.
MINOR REPORT - To understand the behavior of strength and workability by cha...suraj jha
This document presents the results of a minor project studying the variation in workability and strength of concrete by changing the procedure of mixing. Three trials were conducted with different mixing methods: 1) conventional mixing, 2) using pre-wetted aggregates and accounting for absorbed water, and 3) pre-wetted aggregates with water added to exceed the 0.5 water-cement ratio. Trial 2 produced concrete with true slump and highest compressive strength for both grades studied. The document concludes that pre-wetting aggregates improves workability and strength.
This document presents a project on utilizing egg shell powder and micro silica as partial replacements for cement in concrete. The project aims to study the strength properties of concrete with different ratios of egg shell powder and micro silica substitutions. The methodology involves 9 steps including studying literature, calculating material quantities, casting specimens, curing, and testing compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths at 7 and 28 days. Some difficulties in crushing egg shells to 90 microns are mentioned. An expected time schedule and conclusions are provided, stating that 5% egg shell powder with 20% micro silica achieved similar compressive strength as conventional concrete.
Investigation for Strength of Layering of Pelletized Balls Used As Feed for G...IJERA Editor
To bring the mandatory changes in feed preparation of conventional methods of gas solid reactions the method
of pelletization is introduced. This paper provides the best case of balls which are sustainable to pressure
maintained for gas solid reaction so that desired size and production rate of balls can be achieved. Pelletization
is agglomeration technique which is beneficial with fine powder to improve feed preparation present in the gas
solid reaction. This technique is useful to increase production rate and to reduce the difficulties which occur in
production by mechanical means with heavy mechanical operating devices. Currently many of the chemical
industries are using briquettes for gas solid reaction which consume extra power, cost and time. Hence this can
be substituted by using pelletization and material science technique. Pellets should be improvised alternated feed
preparation for gas solid reaction as manufacturing of pellet consumes less time and power. It has better surface
area and porosity when compared to the briquettes. Few sets of experiments have been done to overcome factors
affecting in pellet making and positive result are observed.
This document provides descriptions and standard test methods for various soil tests. It summarizes tests for soil classification (AASHTO, USCS), moisture content, density, shear strength, compressibility, permeability and other engineering properties. Standard tests are described for particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, consolidation, direct shear, triaxial shear, and Proctor compaction testing. Typical results are given for soil classification systems and standard Proctor tests. Equations are also provided for estimating the external friction angle between soils and structures like piles and retaining walls.
IRJET- Self-Compacting Concrete - Procedure and Mix DesignIRJET Journal
This document presents a procedure for designing self-compacting concrete mixes. It describes testing various mix designs to achieve the required properties of self-compacting concrete, including adequate flowability, passing ability, and resistance to segregation. A series of trial mixes were conducted by varying the proportions of coarse and fine aggregates, water-cement ratio, and superplasticizer dosage. The optimal mix was determined to have 34% coarse aggregate, 57% fine aggregate, a water-cement ratio of 0.50, and 1.15% superplasticizer. This mix met all acceptance criteria for self-compacting concrete based on slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Compressive strength results
STRESS ANALYSIS OF CFRP STRENGTHENED SLABS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE CHANGEIAEME Publication
This paper includes an experimental and analyticalinvestigation of flexural behavior ofreinforcedconcrete two-way slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets, CFRP bar due to
temperature change. Normal concrete was used to cast the slabs. The experimental work
includes testing of twelve reinforced concrete slab specimens with dimensions(900mmx900mmx70mm). These slabs can be dividedaccording to temperature change to three
groups at 23 ,45 and 80according to strengthening to four groups each group contain three specimens, first group was
tested without strengthening acts as reference slabs (control),second group was reinforcedwith (CFRP) bar, third group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 5cm each 10 cmand the
last group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 10cm each 20cm. The use of CFRP sheetsdelays the appearance of the cracks by (60%
strengthening. The experimental results showed that the slabs reinforcement with CFRP bar
reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (0.61%concrete slab. Also the experimental results show that theultimate loads are increased by
about (0.61%-83.03%) for the slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets with respect to theunstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab). The increase in load carrying capacityof slab due to temperature change was (36.36%strengthening at 23 . The optimum a result was in the slabsstrengthen by CFRP sheets 5cmeach 10cm at temperaturestrengthen slabs . The numerical analyses present threecomputer program (ABAQUS 6.13).
The document discusses the Marshall method for designing asphalt concrete mixes. It describes creating trial mixes with varying asphalt contents and testing them for properties like stability, flow, density and voids. The optimum asphalt content is selected based on maximum stability, density and a specified air voids level. Test results and mix proportions are evaluated against specifications to adjust the mix design if needed.
This document summarizes research on mechanical activation of concrete mixtures using high-energy mixing. The key points are:
1) High-energy mixing increases the surface activity of cement and sand particles, allowing more water to interact and form calcium-silicate-hydrate gel which accelerates cement hydration and increases early strength.
2) This process can achieve a 50% reduction in cement quantity by substituting with fly ash while maintaining strength, significantly decreasing energy consumption.
3) The optimal high-energy mixing uses an impeller with minimal turbulence to maximize energy absorption, and adds sand to provide energy dissipation and increase shear stresses on cement particles.
IRJET- Analysis of Rice Husk Ash as a Second Stringer of Cement in Concre...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. It discusses how RHA can improve the mechanical and durability properties of concrete while providing economic and environmental benefits. The study examines the effects of replacing cement with 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% RHA on the consistency, workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixtures. The results showed that concrete containing up to 21% RHA replacement exhibited increased compressive and flexural strengths compared to the control mixture. However, strengths decreased with 28% replacement. Workability was reduced with RHA but increased again at 28% replacement. Therefore, RHA can effectively replace up to 21
Study on partial_replacement_of_natural_aggregate_Abdelrazzaak
This study examines the partial replacement of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) to reduce usage of natural resources and utilize construction and demolition waste. The cement in RAC is replaced with recycled coarse aggregate at proportions of 40%, 60%, and 80% and the compressive strength and flexural rigidity of the concrete are tested. The results show that RAC with 80% replacement has higher strength than concrete with 50% replacement. Testing of the recycled coarse aggregate shows properties similar to natural coarse aggregate, indicating it can partially replace natural aggregate and reduce resource usage while recycling demolition waste.
Probabilistic approach to study the hydroformed sheetIJERA Editor
Under the leadership of the Kyoto agreements on reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, the automotive sector was forced to review its methods and production technologies in order to meet the new environmental standards. In fuel consumption reduction is an immediate way to reduce the emission of polluting gases. In this paper, the study of the formability of sheet submitted to the hydroforming process is proposed. The numerical results are given to validate the proposed approach. To show the influence of uncertainties in the study process, we take some characteristics of the material as random and the probabilistic approach is done. The finding results are showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
IRJET- Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on stabilizing black cotton soil through the addition of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to low stability, strength, and large volume changes from swelling and shrinkage. GGBS is a byproduct of steel production that causes land pollution. The study aims to address both soil stabilization and GGBS waste disposal. Tests found that adding 30% GGBS increased the maximum dry density and reduced the optimum moisture content compared to untreated soil. Plasticity index and free swell index also decreased with 30% GGBS addition. The study concludes GGBS addition effectively stabilizes black cotton soil.
This document discusses a project to study the use of fly ash for soil stabilization. The objectives are to identify the local soil type, analyze its properties, determine the optimum moisture content, and compare the properties with and without fly ash addition. The methodology involves collecting soil samples, conducting tests like proctor compaction and CBR to establish baseline properties, adding varying amounts of fly ash, and re-testing after curing to find the optimum fly ash dosage. The literature review covers previous studies analyzing improvements to soil strength and compressibility from fly ash addition. The expected outcomes are a better understanding of soil stabilization methods and identification of additional materials to further boost soil strength.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR WITH ADMIXTUREIAEME Publication
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of mortar with admixture. Mortar samples with different proportions of admixture (0%, 2%, 5%) were tested for properties in plastic and hardened states. In plastic state, flow table tests showed that workability increased with admixture content up to 5% for a 1:3 mortar proportion, but decreased for a 1:6 proportion. In hardened state, compressive strength was measured at 3 and 7 days. For the 1:3 proportion, strength was maintained above code limits with admixture. But for 1:6, strength decreased below limits. The study concluded the admixture improved workability for 1:3 mortar but not 1:
HVOF Sprayed WC-Cocr Coating on Mild Steel: Microstructure and Wear Evaluationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IRJET-Development of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) by Utilising Fly...IRJET Journal
This document describes research into developing controlled low strength material (CLSM) using fly ash, manufactured sand, effluent treatment plant sludge, and cement. Various tests were conducted on the materials to characterize their properties. CLSM mixtures were prepared with different proportions of the materials. Testing showed the mixtures had adequate flowability and achieved the target unconfined compression strengths of less than 8.3 MPa at 7 and 28 days, making them suitable for use as fill material. The research demonstrated the viability of utilizing waste materials like sludge and fly ash in CLSM production.
Improving Operability of Lab-Scale Spouted Bed Using Global Stochastic Optimi...IJERA Editor
A spouted bed is a special case of fluidization. It is an effective means of contacting gas with coarse solid particles .Gas-solid spouted beds are either cylindrical bed with cone base or the whole bed is in a cone shape where the gas enters as a jet. The gas forms a spout region that carries the solids upward in a diluted phase that forms a fountain at the top of the bed where the solids fall down and move downward in the annular region. Performance of gas-solid spouted bed benefit from solids uniformity structure with lower pressure drop (PD).Dropping of PD across a spouted bed could reduce the dissipated pumping energy and improve stability and uniformity of solid particles. The objective of this work is to study and selecting best operating conditions that could minimize PD across the bed. Optimization technique is a powerful tool would guide the experimental work and reduce the risk and cost for design and operation Hence, PD is to be considered as objective function of the optimization process .Three selected decision variables are affecting objective function. These decision variables are gas velocity, particle density and particle diameter. Steady-state measurements were carried out in a narrow 3-inch (0.076 m ID) cylindrical spouted bed made of Plexiglas that used 60° conical shape base. Radial concentration of particles (glass and steel beads) at various bed heights under different flow patterns were measured using sophisticated optical probes. A superficial velocity of air ranging from 0.74 to 1.0 m/s .PD was measured across the bed by high accuracy pressure transducers. Stochastic Genetic Algorithm (GA) has found suitable global search for the non-linear hybrid spouted bed. Optimum results could select the best operating conditions for high-performance and stable conditions. Uniformity and stability of solid particles in the bed would enhance hydrodynamic parameters, heat and mass transfer. Best Operability of the bed was observed with low-density, large size of solid beads, low gas velocity at low PD. Size of solid particles and velocity of gas have been found the sensitive decision variables with PD mutations. Sensitivity of these variables could be increased at unlimited upper bounds of operating conditions. An advanced control system for sensitive decision variables would be recommended to improve operability of the spouted bed.
This document discusses three phase fluidization, which involves suspending a granular solid in a fluidized state using gas and liquid passing through it. Three phase fluidized beds are used for various chemical reactions and industrial applications. Key parameters for three phase fluidized beds include bed expansion, phase holdups, minimum fluidization velocity, and gas holdup. Correlations are presented for predicting minimum fluidization velocity and gas holdup based on dimensionless groups. The gas holdup is influenced by variables like liquid and gas velocities, liquid properties, particle properties, and bed dimensions.
The processing technique employing a suspension or fluidization of small solid particles in a vertically rising stream of fluid usually gas so that fluid and solid come into intimate contact. This is a tool with many applications in the petroleum and chemical process industries. Suspensions of solid particles by vertically rising liquid streams are of lesser interest in modern processing, but have been shown to be of use, particularly in liquid contacting of ion-exchange resins. However, they come in this same classification and their use involves techniques of liquid settling, both free and hindered (sedimentation), classification, and density flotation.
The document describes an experiment on removing CO2 from air using a countercurrent rotating packed bed. Key findings include:
- A rotating packed bed was designed to absorb CO2, where the liquid and gas flow countercurrently under centrifugal force. This compact design improves mass transfer efficiency.
- Experiments investigated the effect of parameters like rotational speed, gas and liquid flow rates, and MEA solution concentration on the height of transfer unit (HTU) for CO2 absorption.
- HTU values for CO2 absorption ranged from 2.4 to 4 cm depending on the above parameters. Faster rotational speeds improved mass transfer and lowered HTU.
Graphical Method to Determine Minimum Cutting Fluid Velocity for Effective Ho...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on determining the minimum fluid velocity needed to effectively transport drill cuttings. It reviews studies from the 1970s to the 2000s on factors that influence cuttings transport. A key model discussed is Larsen's model from 1993, which predicts the minimum fluid velocity required to prevent cuttings accumulation. The document also presents Larsen's equations for calculating cuttings transport velocity based on parameters like mud properties, drill pipe dimensions, and rate of penetration.
IRJET- Numerical Analysis of Slurry Flow Characteristics Through Horizontal P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical study of slurry flow characteristics in a horizontal pipeline using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study models the flow of particles 0.125 mm in size and 2.47 specific gravity through a 4m long, 54.9 mm diameter pipe. Simulations were conducted at velocities of 2 m/s and 5 m/s and particle concentrations of 30% and 40% to analyze solid concentration distribution, velocity distribution, and pressure drop. An Eulerian two-phase model with RNG k-epsilon turbulence modeling was used to simulate the solid-liquid flow and solve the governing equations throughout the computational domain.
Fluidization Characteristics of Nano Particles with the Assist of StirrerIOSR Journals
Fluidization of ultrafine solid particles is widely used in a variety of industrial applications because of its
unusual capability of continuous powder handling, good mixing, large gas–solid contact area, and very high rates of
heat and mass transfer. As the particle size decreases the cohesive forces between particles increases. Therefore,
fluidization of ultrafine particles becomes much more difficult as compared to the larger size particles and it needs efficient method. In the present work, the fluidization experiments were conducted using air as fluidizing media and SiO2, ZnO and Al2O3
nano particles, with a size ranging from 15 to 30 nm in 2-dimensional fluidized bed with the assist of stirrer.
The fluidization behavior of the nanoparticle, including the fluidization regime, the minimum fluidization velocity, and the
bed expansion are also investigated. . The results showed that smoother fluidization was observed with increasing agitation
speed, because the agglomeration and channeling were reduced by the mechanical agitation. It was found that with the assist of stirrer ,by increasing in the speed of stirrer initial bed voidage increased and terminal velocity and agglomerate diameter decreased.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The effect of solids on the behaviour of the downcomer of a jameson celleSAT Journals
Abstract The effect of solids on the behaviour of the downcomer of a Jameson cell was studied in terms of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the solids. Hydrophobic (carbon), and hydrophilic (silica sand) solids were used, separately. The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions of gas flow rate, pulp flow rate, and pulp consistency. The observed operating variables were the extension of the downcomer operating regions (pulp jet, mixing, and collection) and gas hold-up. It was observed that gas bubbles are smaller and more uniform in size when the pulp is comprised of silica (hydrophilic particles), as compared with pulps consisted of carbon (hydrophobic particles). When measuring a profile of gas holdup in the separation cell, experimental results show that a more homogeneous radial holdup distribution is achieved in the case of a slurry with silica sand rather than the pulp made of carbon. Key words: Jameson cell, downcomer, separation cell, superficial phase velocity, gas hold-up, hydrophobic solids, hydrophilic solids.
Hydrodynamic Behaviour of the Torbed® Reactor Operating in Fine Particle Mode.Grant Wellwood
This thesis investigates the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Torbed® reactor operating in fine particle mode. The Torbed reactor offers enhanced gas-solid contacting through increased transport and lower pressure drop compared to conventional systems. However, understanding of these process aspects was lacking, hindering development. The study aims to understand slip velocity characteristics and pressure drop to facilitate process development, optimization, and scale-up.
Qualitative experiments show the Torbed reactor exhibits particle streaming that increases effective particle velocities. Quantitative experiments investigate the relationship between slip velocity and operational parameters. The results support using a thermodynamic analogy to predict slip velocity as a function of inputs. Field trials applying the findings successfully achieved dry scrubbing goals.
- The document is a PhD thesis by Grant Ashley Wellwood investigating the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Torbed® reactor operating in fine particle mode.
- In fine particle mode, the Torbed reactor offers unique gas-solid contacting capabilities through enhanced transport and lower pressure drop than traditional systems. However, understanding of these processes was lacking, hindering development.
- The focus of the study was to understand slip velocities and pressure drop to facilitate process development, technology selection, optimization, and scale-up for the Torbed reactor operating in fine particle mode.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effect of fines on liquefaction using shake table testeSAT Journals
calamities resulting into considerable damages. One of the most detrimental
effects caused due to earthquake is liquefaction. This paper deals with experimental investigation of effects of fines content on
liquefaction behavior using shake table test. A test program consisted of total 19 tests conducted on saturated cohesionless sand
with varying amount of non-plastic silt. The behavior of such silty sand in the relative density range 30 to 60% has been studied
by subjecting the specimens to a specific acceleration of 0.54g. Effect of silt content and the relative density on generation of pore
pressure and thereby initiation of liquefaction has been studied. The results obtained from the present study showed that cyclic
stress ratio (CSR) values decrease with the increase in fines content for lower relative densities. Delay in development of pore
pressure is observed with the increasing fines content. This indicates that higher silt contents at higher densities offer better
resistance to liquefaction. Further, for lower densities and lesser silt contents liquefaction occurred at pore pressure ratio even
less than one. The trend observed for CSR and relative density is similar when compared with triaxial test reported in literature.
The points where liquefaction has occurred in the field, when checked in the present study, they lie in ‘YES’ zone of liquefaction.
Keywords: Relative Density, Cyclic Stress Ratio, Pore Pressure Ratio, Liquefaction Resistance, Initiation of
Liquefaction
This document summarizes a student's research project on the effect of mix parameters on the performance and design of cold mix asphalt. The student investigated different mix designs using Marshall and gyratory compaction and tested properties like stability, flow, voids. For dense and gap graded mixes, the student determined optimum binder contents and compared performance. The dense graded mix performed better overall except for lower stability loss. The study showed initial stability depends on optimum total liquid content and higher liquid content requires more curing time.
This document summarizes a study that used mathematical modeling and simulation to investigate the effects of operational variables on the performance of a two-bed pressure swing adsorption system for oxygen separation from air. The study developed partial differential equation models to simulate mass, energy and momentum balances in the system using zeolite 5A adsorbent. Simulation results showed that increasing the purge to feed ratio reduced oxygen recovery but increased purity, while increasing feed flow rate reduced purity but increased recovery. The simulation results agreed well with experimental literature on this topic.
AN EXPERIMENTAL ON USE OF FLY ASH PELLETS IN CONCRETE IN PLACE OF GRANITE AGG...Ijripublishers Ijri
A construction industry plays vital role in India which leads into the economic developments. The materials like fine
aggregate, coarse aggregate are used to prepare cement concrete which are easily available natural resources in our
country, but now there is high demand in materials which have gone to a high scenario.
The quantity of fly ash produced from thermal power plants in India is approximately 80 million tons each year, and its
percentage utilization is less than 10%. Majority of fly ash produced is of Class F type. During the last few years, some
cement companies have started using fly ash in manufacturing cement, known as ‘Pozzalanic Portland cement. It mainly
concentrated on replacement of cement with fly ash but production of artificial aggregate with fly ash helps in utilizing
large volume of fly ash in concrete. The world is much interested in this part recently due to this large scale utilization
which also reduces environmental pollution and dwindling of natural resources.
Performance Study of Tube Settlers ModuleIJERA Editor
The water treatment plant plays an important role for supplying and purifying potable water. The present study is aimed to emphasize the performance of tube settler unit. A pilot scale model of sedimentation tank is prepared & installed for performance measurement. In conventional sedimentation tank the detention time required is 2-4 hrs. In view of increasing demand of water for society, a modification is used in water treatment plant i.e. high rate settling. The detention time is reduced up to 10-15 min. which is very less as compare to conventional sedimentation tank. The average efficiency of turbidity removal is 70-80% in modified unit as compare to conventional tube settler unit.
Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Fillerijtsrd
The research work aims to prepare, characterize and apply the vulcanized rubber composites by using sawdust as filler. Sawdust was used as filler in the process of preparation of vulcanized rubber composites. The composite of natural rubber sawdust NR SD was prepared by being replaced the percent ratio 100 0 75 25 50 50 and 25 75 parts weight of natural rubber NR with SD vulcanized for rubbery goods. The surface morphology, elemental analysis and thermal degradation of the prepared NR SD composites were determined by SEM, EDXRF and TG DTA, respectively. The physic mechanical properties such as tensile strength tear strength, elongation at break, hardness and abrasive resistance of NR SD composites were determined by standard rubber testing methods. It was observed that the vulcanized NR SD composites were again determined by soaking in the selected organic solvents and oils ethanol, gasoline, diesel, engine oil, and used engine oil . Being used the sawdust as filler, it not only reduces the cost of production for appliances but also it is likely the supply of the maintenance for Green. Dr. Htoon Nay Oo ""Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Composites using Sawdust as Filler"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23683.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/23683/preparation-and-characterization-of--rubber-composites-using-sawdust-as-filler/dr-htoon-nay-oo
The document provides information about the evaluation scheme, course outcomes, history, and concepts of chemical engineering and mechanical operations for a course. It discusses particle characterization, average particle sizes including Sauter mean diameter, and provides an example calculation for determining Sauter mean diameter from size analysis data.
Analysis for predicting the Input Interactions of HBF Performance at -10 μm P...journal ijrtem
This document summarizes an analysis of factors influencing the performance of a Hyper Baric Filter (HBF) used to treat iron ore fines. Experiments were conducted using a 3^3 full factorial design to examine the effects of vessel pressure, snap blow, and filter disk rotation on moisture reduction and material throughput. Linear regression models were developed for each response and validated. Vessel pressure had the greatest effect on moisture reduction, explaining over 80% of the variation, while vessel pressure, disk rotation, and their interaction most influenced throughput. The models can predict HBF performance within the required level of confidence.
Similar to Conical Fluidized Beds - Case Study for a Gas Solid System Involving Wheat Flour and Additive (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.