This paper includes an experimental and analyticalinvestigation of flexural behavior ofreinforcedconcrete two-way slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets, CFRP bar due to
temperature change. Normal concrete was used to cast the slabs. The experimental work
includes testing of twelve reinforced concrete slab specimens with dimensions(900mmx900mmx70mm). These slabs can be dividedaccording to temperature change to three
groups at 23 ,45 and 80according to strengthening to four groups each group contain three specimens, first group was
tested without strengthening acts as reference slabs (control),second group was reinforcedwith (CFRP) bar, third group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 5cm each 10 cmand the
last group was strengthening with (CFRP) sheet 10cm each 20cm. The use of CFRP sheetsdelays the appearance of the cracks by (60%
strengthening. The experimental results showed that the slabs reinforcement with CFRP bar
reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (0.61%concrete slab. Also the experimental results show that theultimate loads are increased by
about (0.61%-83.03%) for the slabs strengthened with CFRP sheets with respect to theunstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab). The increase in load carrying capacityof slab due to temperature change was (36.36%strengthening at 23 . The optimum a result was in the slabsstrengthen by CFRP sheets 5cmeach 10cm at temperaturestrengthen slabs . The numerical analyses present threecomputer program (ABAQUS 6.13).
Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structura...IJERA Editor
A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stres...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ESCR) of Polyethylene (PE) by PY Ben Jar* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Finite element simulation and investigation of thin wall impeller casting ija...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
In case of casting of thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a difficult operation and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. Such failures are due to non-uniform heat transfer rate. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser. The present work focuses on the simulation of aluminum thin wall pump impeller blade using commercially available software (ANSYS) and experiments for optimum placement of risers and reducing defects.
Experimental Method to Analyse Limit Load in Pressure VesselIJMER
Pressure vessel contains with different inlet & outlet openings called nozzle or valves. The design parameter of these valves may different in one pressure vessel. These valves cause geometric discontinuity of the pressure vessel wall hence stress concentration may occur around the valve or nozzle. Since due to the high stress concentration there may be the chances of failure of vessel junction. Hence detail stress distribution analysis needs to be done for pressure vessel. Determination of limit pressure at different location on pressure vessel by using finite element method is less time consuming
and it avoid complex mathematical work at difficult geometries. So, it is essential to validate the result.
Experiments is conducted on oblique nozzle (450 with shell axis) & result obtained are used to validate
the finite element results. Distortion measurement test by measuring change in diameter of vessel after
vessel is pressurized using water. Twice elastic slope method & Tangent intersection method are used to
find out limit load estimation of cylindrical vessel with oblique (450) nozzle.
Analysis and Weight Optimization of Split Dish Reactor Using Thermo-Structura...IJERA Editor
A vertical split dish reactor with leg supports is modeled using ansys workbench. Thereafter, external loads, such as self –weight, internal pressure and temperature are applied to the model. Pressure and temperature has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a split dish reactor will be carried out and maximum stresses in the structure will be determined.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stres...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
A New Concept of using Transverse Loading to Characterize Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ESCR) of Polyethylene (PE) by PY Ben Jar* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Finite element simulation and investigation of thin wall impeller casting ija...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
In case of casting of thin wall impeller structure, the prediction of shrinkage defect is a difficult operation and failure of such thin wall structure is a commonly encountered problem. Such failures are due to non-uniform heat transfer rate. The uniformity of heat transfer rate may enhance by placing the runner at appropriate position and riser based on the geometrical attributes. An attempt is made for the analysis of optimization in the placement of runner and riser. The present work focuses on the simulation of aluminum thin wall pump impeller blade using commercially available software (ANSYS) and experiments for optimum placement of risers and reducing defects.
Experimental Method to Analyse Limit Load in Pressure VesselIJMER
Pressure vessel contains with different inlet & outlet openings called nozzle or valves. The design parameter of these valves may different in one pressure vessel. These valves cause geometric discontinuity of the pressure vessel wall hence stress concentration may occur around the valve or nozzle. Since due to the high stress concentration there may be the chances of failure of vessel junction. Hence detail stress distribution analysis needs to be done for pressure vessel. Determination of limit pressure at different location on pressure vessel by using finite element method is less time consuming
and it avoid complex mathematical work at difficult geometries. So, it is essential to validate the result.
Experiments is conducted on oblique nozzle (450 with shell axis) & result obtained are used to validate
the finite element results. Distortion measurement test by measuring change in diameter of vessel after
vessel is pressurized using water. Twice elastic slope method & Tangent intersection method are used to
find out limit load estimation of cylindrical vessel with oblique (450) nozzle.
Design & optimization of LNG-CNG cylinder for optimum weightijsrd.com
In current automobile sector, the weight of the vehicle is too important to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. There are too many component or subassemblies are in the automobile vehicle. In this paper the weight of the HYDROGEN fuel tank is optimized by applying the composite material concept with the existing material of the fuel tank. Initially the dimensional calculation for the existing pressure vessel and compare with the existing cylinder and then the FEA ( Finite Element Analysis) applied on the cylinder and material optimize up to the stress reaching equivalent to the stress of the existing cylinder. After that the dimension of the cylinder are finalize. The analysis yields a weight reduction of fuel tank.
Laboratory experimental study and elastic wave velocity on physical propertie...HoangTienTrung1
Pressure grouting has gained popularity as a soil reinforcement method. However, the behavior of the interface between rock and grout is not well known. This study investigates the interaction of pressure grouting and rock, through a series of laboratory tests performed on specially designed and fabricated equipment and using standard testing methods. The test measures the density, compressional strength, and frictional resistance of grout relative to the applied pressure and curing time. Simultaneously, the velocities of the elastic wave traveling through the grout are obtained to develop correlations between the physical properties of the grout and the test conditions. The results of the tests show that the density, compressional strength, and frictional resistance of the grout increase with applied pressure and curing time. The strengths of the influencing factors are seen to be correlated within the range of the test conditions. Using the results of these tests, the potential development of a new method that requires less cement was discussed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In the recent years, the rapid growths of population and industrialization levels have been
resulted in increased for demand of transportation. In addition, this growth increases the traffic loads
which cause several pavement distresses such as rutting. Several trials were made to control
pavement rutting by mix enhancement. These trials were already limited pavement rutting, but on the
other hand showed pavement cracking as a result of lower flexibility for the modified pavements.
This study aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. To
achieve this objective, crumb rubber with different percentages of fine aggregate (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24 and 28%) were used to manufacture the investigated asphalt mixes. Marshall designs were used to
obtain the optimum asphalt contents and the corresponding characteristics of the investigated mixes.
Other mix characteristics including Marshall stiffness, loss of stability, tensile strength as well as
rutting resistance were measured for the investigated mixes. Loss of stability test, indirect tensile test
(ITT) and wheel tracking test (WTT) were conducted to measure these characteristics. Analyzing the
study results showed that, the use of crumb rubber has a noticeable effect on the characteristics of
asphalt mixes. It is noticed that, the use of rubber percent up to 16% by weight of fine aggregate
increases the pavement resistance to cracking and does not greatly affect the pavement resistance to
rutting.
Design & optimization of LNG-CNG cylinder for optimum weightijsrd.com
In current automobile sector, the weight of the vehicle is too important to increase the efficiency of the vehicle. There are too many component or subassemblies are in the automobile vehicle. In this paper the weight of the HYDROGEN fuel tank is optimized by applying the composite material concept with the existing material of the fuel tank. Initially the dimensional calculation for the existing pressure vessel and compare with the existing cylinder and then the FEA ( Finite Element Analysis) applied on the cylinder and material optimize up to the stress reaching equivalent to the stress of the existing cylinder. After that the dimension of the cylinder are finalize. The analysis yields a weight reduction of fuel tank.
Laboratory experimental study and elastic wave velocity on physical propertie...HoangTienTrung1
Pressure grouting has gained popularity as a soil reinforcement method. However, the behavior of the interface between rock and grout is not well known. This study investigates the interaction of pressure grouting and rock, through a series of laboratory tests performed on specially designed and fabricated equipment and using standard testing methods. The test measures the density, compressional strength, and frictional resistance of grout relative to the applied pressure and curing time. Simultaneously, the velocities of the elastic wave traveling through the grout are obtained to develop correlations between the physical properties of the grout and the test conditions. The results of the tests show that the density, compressional strength, and frictional resistance of the grout increase with applied pressure and curing time. The strengths of the influencing factors are seen to be correlated within the range of the test conditions. Using the results of these tests, the potential development of a new method that requires less cement was discussed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In the recent years, the rapid growths of population and industrialization levels have been
resulted in increased for demand of transportation. In addition, this growth increases the traffic loads
which cause several pavement distresses such as rutting. Several trials were made to control
pavement rutting by mix enhancement. These trials were already limited pavement rutting, but on the
other hand showed pavement cracking as a result of lower flexibility for the modified pavements.
This study aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. To
achieve this objective, crumb rubber with different percentages of fine aggregate (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24 and 28%) were used to manufacture the investigated asphalt mixes. Marshall designs were used to
obtain the optimum asphalt contents and the corresponding characteristics of the investigated mixes.
Other mix characteristics including Marshall stiffness, loss of stability, tensile strength as well as
rutting resistance were measured for the investigated mixes. Loss of stability test, indirect tensile test
(ITT) and wheel tracking test (WTT) were conducted to measure these characteristics. Analyzing the
study results showed that, the use of crumb rubber has a noticeable effect on the characteristics of
asphalt mixes. It is noticed that, the use of rubber percent up to 16% by weight of fine aggregate
increases the pavement resistance to cracking and does not greatly affect the pavement resistance to
rutting.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objective: The experimental study on behavior of fly ash based geo-polymer concrete and other parameters like strength properties, concentration of alkaline solution, ratio of NaOH to Na2Sio3, curing time, additional water in mix. Method: In the present study sustainable materials were used such as Fly ash. Combination of Sodium Hydroxide and sodium silicate is used as activator solution to form geopolymer concrete. The activator solution is prepared 24 hours prior of casting. The mix is designed for 10 Molarity with varying ratios of 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3. The GPC specimens are tested for compression, flexural and tension tests at the age of 3, 7, 28 days. Findings: As the activator ratio increases the compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength is also increased. As the time curing is increased the geopolymer specimens also improved. Applications/ Improvements: Fly ash based geoploymer concrete can be used as precast products like parking tiles, pavement tiles, precast GPC beams, girders, railway sleepers, building blocks, electric power poles. They are good resistance towards fire, permeability.
EFFECT OF ACTIVATOR RATIO ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
Objective: To examine the impact of activator ratio on strength properties of Geo Polymer concrete, activator solution, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3, time of curing. Method: The mix is designed for 12 Molarity. The Activator solution used in the present study is a combination of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution and Sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3) with the varying ratios 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3. The total number of specimens 81 is being cast. The Geo Polymer specimens are tested for the Compressive, Flexural and Tensile strength at the ages of 3, 7, 28 days. Finding: As there is an increment in the activator ratio the compression, tensile and flexural strengths of geopolymer concrete specimens have increased and with the increment in a time of ambient curing of GPC specimens, the strength parameters were increased. Applications/Improvements: Geopolymer concrete can be widely used in precast girders, beams, electricity poles, railway sleepers. Geo-polymer offers good resistance to fire and permeability.
A STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASHIAEME Publication
Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio thataffects the properties of alkali activated fly ash
Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted atechnology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test themain aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of newmaterials later on to the concreteindustry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix isprepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at roresponse variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation ofGeopolymer concrete propertieswhich are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, theactivator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to otheractivator ratios. There is substantial gain incompressive strength of fly ash geopolymerconcrete with age.Improvements:Thisworkcan beenhancedforvariousmolaritiesundervarioustemperaturesandvariousactivator ratios.
Effect of different infill material on the seismic behavior of high rise buil...eSAT Journals
Abstract Many urban multistory buildings in India today have open first storey as an unavoidable feature. This is primarily being adopted to accommodate parking or reception lobbies in the first stories. Also for offices or for any other purpose such as communication hall etc. The construction of reinforced concrete structures with infill wall is a common method of providing shelter to the ever increasing population, where there is seismic activity. In the present work, the effect of different infill materials on the seismic behavior of high rise building with soft stories is studied. For that, G+11 RCC model is selected. Different infill materials like siporex and Laminated glass are used. Different cases considering different location of soft stories are considered for the analysis. To study the effect of different infill material on high rise structure, linear dynamic analysis (Response spectrum analysis) in software ETABs is carried out. Seismic parameters like time period, base shear, storey displacement and storey drift are checked out Keywords: soft storey, infill material, response spectrum method, ETABs
STUDY ON SEISMIC EFFECT OF HIGH RISE BUILDING SHEAR WALL/WALL WITHOUT SHEAR WALLIAEME Publication
Objective: In this paper the analytical study on the lateral behaviour of the structure is mainly concentrated and how it is varying in the different zones of zone II and zone III with different storey heights of a 6storey, 11storey, and 16storey structure. The study also involves the orientation of shear wall. Method in this study the behaviour of lateral displacements induced on or after earthquakes. Concrete shear walls are used to resist the lateral displacement owing to earthquake vibrations. Shear walls can be placed around the building as periphery walls, around the lift and beside the staircase. Filing the buildings are modelled with floor area of 32mx28m. with 8 bays along 32m span and 7 bays along 28m and apiece bay width of 4m .the lateral displacement of the structure is compared in OMRF &SMRF and the lateral displacement values of current floor level to another floor level should reach storey drift, the analysis is done in staadprov8i.findingthe lateral displacements of the structure is compared in OMRF & SMRF and it is found that lateral displacement is less in SMRF compare with OMRF.
HackerEarth is pleased to announce its next session to help you understand what it really takes to become a data scientist.
Agenda of this session will include answers to the following questions:
- Why is it the best time to take up Data Science as a career?
- How can you take the first step in Data Science? (After all, first step is always the hardest!)
- How can you become better and progress fast?
- How is life after becoming a Data Scientist?
Speaker:
Jesse Steinweg-Woods is soon-to-be a Senior Data Scientist at tronc, working on recommender systems for articles and understanding customer behavior. Previously, he worked at Argo Group Insurance on new pricing models that took advantage of machine learning techniques. He received his PhD in Atmospheric Science from Texas A&M University, and his research focused on numerical weather and climate prediction.
STUDY OF SUITABLE FOUNDATION IN SEISMIC ZONE III CONSIDERING SSIIAEME Publication
Objective: The objective of the paper is the study of maximumshear forces and bendingmoments of soil interaction of different types of foundations.made to study the effect of soil structure interaction of a multiisolated foundation and strip foundation systems resting on clay soil. The building was
analyzed by equivalent static method using STAAD Prosoftware for building with rigid base.ANSYS 12.0 is used for analyzing the building for effect of soifoundation and strip foundation.resting on earthquakeprone region, the soil structure interaction must be considered inanalysis. Foundation is a part of structure in whichis found that by considering the soil structure interaction the shear force and bending momentsof strip foundation are very less than isolated foundation.
Route 2020 is a proposed extension to the existing Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The extension will be 14.5 km long, 4 km will be underground in a tunnel and the balance will be elevated on viaducts.
Stress Analysis of FRP Composite Cylinder with Closed EndsIOSR Journals
Composite cylinders made of a polymer matrix such as epoxy reinforced with glass or carbon fibers possess extremely high strength. Proper modeling of FRP composite cylinder is very essential for many applications. FRP composite cylinders are commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine and construction industries. The present work is to study the variation of stressesat the top end, middle and bottom end portions of a composite cylinder by varying the diameter to thickness ratio(S) and fiber angle (θ).The four layered angle ply (θ0/-θ0/-θ0/θ0) composite cylinder is considered forthe present work and behavior of each portion (Top end, middle and Bottom end) is studied.For the present work composite cylinder is modeled in ANSYS and analysis was carried out using numerical software. It isfound thatthe increment of stress takes place linearly with respect to D/t ratio due to reduction in thickness of the layer.The critical fiber angle is 45⁰ to 60⁰ as it offers high resistance against axial and circumferential deformation in middle and end portions.
USE OF CFRP LAMINATES FOR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CORBELSIAEME Publication
This work consists of fabrication and testing of sixteen reinforced concrete corbels. Fourteen of these corbels have been strengthened or repaired by various plies of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates. The experimental variables considered in the test program include, the CFRP pattern scheme (i.e. location, orientation, and number of layers), bond type (partial warping, full warping, and using CFRP anchors), and damaged ratio. Two modes of failure were observed, debonding and rupture of the CFRP laminates. Significant increase in ultimate capacity ranging from 17% to 71% was registered in the strengthening specimens and from 13% to 65% in repaired specimens.
CFRP STRENGTHENING OF CIRCULAR CONCRETE SLAB WITH AND WITHOUT OPENINGSIAEME Publication
This paper includes an investigation and experimental testing of R.C circular slabs with and without opening and strengthens with CFRP sheets, CFRP bare, and both. Normal concrete (NC) and self-compacted concrete (SCC) were used to cast the slabs. The experimental part includes testing of fourteen circular slabs divided into four groups having diameter of 1200mm and thickness of 80mm. Three types of strengthening used; the first type is CFRP sheets only, the second type is CFRP bar only, and the third type is the combination of the two types of strengthening (i.e. CFRP sheets and CFRP bar together). The use of CFRP sheets delays the appearance of the cracks by (14.75%-51.76%) compared with slabs without strengthening. The experimental results showed that the opening existence in the slabs without strengthening reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (24.98%-27.77%) compared with slab without opening, and the higher reduction in the ultimate load occurs in the slab (S2S2) by (30.55%) which is strengthen with CFRP sheets and contains two square opening.
Theoretical study for r.c. columns strengthened with gfrp with different main...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3631.9041
It becomes a common practice to strength and repair reinforced concrete columns by wrapping them with GFRP sheets. The aim of this research is to develop a formula to describe the relation between the gain of strength of reinforced concrete square columns, their longitudinal reinforcement and number of warped layers of GFRP sheets. The research is based on simulating loading tests of a set of 12 reinforced concrete columns with different reinforcement ratios and different number of warped layers of GFRP sheets using ANSYS software. The outputs of the ANSYS models are verified using experimental tests results carried out by the author in earlier research. The results of the study are used to develop a proposed formula to correlate the axial capacity of the warped square RC column with its reinforcement ratio and the confining stress caused by the sheets. Values from both proposed formula design and formula of Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) are compared with ANSYS outputs and experimental results. The final conclusion is that gained strength due to confining equals to (confining stress / Fcu)
An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the behavior of ultra-high strength reactive concrete (RPC) columns before and after strengthening with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets jacketing under eccentric axi al load. Twelve columns were tested up to failure, strengthened and retested to examine strengthening efficiency and to evaluate the effects of variation of the concrete type (normal or RPC), presence of steel fibers and main steel reinforcement ratio. Experimental results showed that CFRP jacketing increases the ultimate failure load of strengthened columns up to 185%, highly stiffens them (reduces lateral displacements) and allow more ductile failure than the original columns. Also, inclusion of steel fibers in RPC columns increases failure loads up to 86%, prevents palling of the concrete cover and increase the ductility.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PUNCHING BEHAVIOR OF RC FLAT SLABS STRENGTHENI...IAEME Publication
In this paper, the effectiveness of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and fiberreinforced
polymer (FRP), as a means of improving the punching behavior of
reinforced concrete flat slabs were numerically investigated. Finite element (FE)
model using ABAQUS computer program was developed to analyze eight half-scaled
slabs, in terms of load-carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, and crack patterns. These
eight specimens were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) with four specimens for
each of them. Specimens of G1 was similar to that of G2 in all details but differ in the
eccentricity of the applied load. Specimens of G1 were tested with concentric load,
while these of G2 were tested with 150 mm eccentricity. For each group, one specimen
was built as control (unstrengthened), one was strengthened by FRP-sheet, and the
other two was strengthened by TRM-jacket with two different mesh opening (10 and
20 mm). The results obtained from FE analysis showed that the efficiency of TRM in
increasing the punching shear capacity of strengthened slabs was less than that of
FRP. In addition, the slabs strengthened by TRM showed stiffer behavior than that
strengthened by FRP, but lesser ductile. TRM effectiveness was sensitive to the mesh
size of the textile. When the mesh size decreased, stiffness was increased and ductility
was decreased.
MODELS FOR CONFINED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH FIBER COMPOSITESIAEME Publication
Many studies have been done to find a convenient representation of physical behavior Fiber Reinforced Polymers for strengthening or retrofitted techniques which can enhance stress-strain performance of existing reinforced concrete structures. FRP composites are used for strengthening applications mainly due to the lightweight, high compressive strength, resistance to corrosion, speed and ease of application and formed on site. Conceptually, the s tress strain relation of concrete as a non-homogenous and nonlinear composite material is not unique that depends on the many variables.
This research work mainly investigates the local production of 12 built up GFRP I-beams using Hand Lay-Up production method (since up-till now there is no pultrusion industry in Egypt). Overall strength characteristics of these beams will determined experimentally and compared to those manufactured by the Pultrusion process. This comparison will help to estimate to how extent the locally manufactured beams (by Hand Lay-Up technique) can be used in full permanent structures (like pultruded beams) or at least used in light and temporary structures. In order to achieve this goal, the experimental study was divided into two stages: The first stage is to manufacture GFRP plates using glass fibers and polyester. Two types of plates were produced one for flange plates and the other for web plates. These two types of plates are different in fibers orientation of different layers within the plate thickness in order to reach the possible higher tensile and flexural strength for flange plates and possible higher shear strength for web plates. Longitudinal and transverse tensile, compressive, and flexural strength for these two types of plates were experimentally determined using coupons tests. The second stage is to produce built-up GFRP I-beams using the aforementioned plates and composite angles. The overall stiffness and modes of failure of these beams were experimentally determined. The obtained results were compared with those of pultruded I-beams manufactured in the United States by pultrusion process. Also three different connecting methods for the 12 tested beams were investigated, namely: Bonding – Bolting – Bolting/Bonding connecting techniques. Of course it is expected that some local fabrication parameters (like fiber and polymer properties available in the local market, labour, temperature, polymer curing …etc) are expected to affect the properties of the fabricated beams specially that these beams are manufactured manually.
Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites u...ijtsrd
There are many varieties of the structural and architectural structures strengthened with different FRP composites are gaining popularity, and there is a growing need to understand and compare the behavior of these structures before-after GFRP composite strengthening. In this study, model steel structure was tested on the bench-scale earthquake simulator The Quanser Shake Table using ambient vibration, to determine the dynamic response. After this, slabs of the model steel structure was strengthened with GFRP composite, and tested on the bench-scale earthquake simulator The Quanser Shake Table using ambient vibration, to determine the dynamic behavior. Finally, dynamic responses of model steel structure before and after GFRP composite strengthening, such as displacements and maximum-minimum acceleration, were compared. At the end of the study, it is seen that displacements had decreased along the height of the model steel structure. Also, it is seen from the earthquake analyses that GFRP strengthening is very effective on the dynamic responses of the model steel structure. Sertaç Tuhta | Furkan Günday | Hakan Aydin "Dynamic Analysis of Model Steel Structures Retrofitted with GFRP Composites under Microtremor Vibration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21455.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/21455/dynamic-analysis-of-model-steel-structures-retrofitted-with-gfrp-composites-under-microtremor-vibration/serta%C3%A7-tuhta
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Stress Analysis of CFRP Strengthened Slabs Subjected to Temperature Change
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1. INTRODUCTION
The use of FRP to strengthen concrete structures has been a serious problem since the early 1990s.
The implementation of research activities to study the effect of temperature on CFRP reinforced
concrete structures. Aiello, et al. (1999)[1] studied the effects of thermal loads on the structural
performance of FRP reinforced concrete elements. The difference in transverse coefficient of thermal
expansion (CTE) between FRP and concrete causes the presence of tensile stresses within the concrete
and, eventually, the formation of cracks when the temperature increases. They address the evaluation
of temperature variations on concrete elements reinforced with AFRP and GFRP rebar , varying the
thickness of the concrete cover and the shape of the cross-section, in absence of transverse
reinforcement. Results obtained confirm the influence of temperature variations on the state of strain
and stress within FRP reinforced concrete elements and the necessity of a minimum concrete cover to
be provided in order to avoid the formation of through cracks. While Masmoudi, et al. (2005) [2]
presents the results of an experimental investigation to analyze the effect of the ratio of concrete cover
thickness to FRP bar diameter c/db on the strain distributions in concrete and FRP bars, using concrete
cylindrical specimens reinforced with a glass FRP bar and subjected to thermal loading from −30 to
+80°C. The experimental result shows that The minimum and maximum transverse strains for the five
FRP bar diameters tested in this study vary between −1,000 and −2,000 microstrain at −30°C and
between +1,000 and 2,500 microstrain at 80°C, respectively. This observation seems to be
independent of the concrete cover thickness, and as expected, the transverse strain of FRP bars is more
dependent on the temperature value at the interface of FRP bar/ concrete, since the test procedure
guarantees a stabilized temperature.
2. OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY
The objectives of the present work are:-
• Investigating experimentally the effect of temperature variation on the flexural capacity of two way RC
slabs.
• Investigating. Experimentally, the behavior of T.W RC slabs with strengthened with (CFRP sheet)
subjected to thermal load and static uniform loading.
• Investigating the effect of the different distribution of strengthening
• Finite element analysis by using ABAQUS program and comparing the results with those obtained
experimentally
3. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
3.1. Cement
Ordinary Portland cement was used in this study (Iraqi cement) This cement satisfies Iraqi
specifications No.5 (1984)[3].
3.2. Fine Aggregate (Sand)
Normal-weight natural sand obtained from Al-Ukhaider region was used as fine aggregate for concrete
mixes in this study. The obtained results indicated that the fine aggregate grading and the sulfate
content were within the limits of Iraqi specifications (No.45/1984)[4].
3.3. Coarse Aggregate (Gravel)
Natural crushed gravel from Al-Badra-wa-Jasan region with maximum size (17mm), was used in this
work. The crushed gravel was washed and cleaned by water for several times until the out washing
3. Abdul Ridah Saleh Al-Fatlawi and Dhoha Saad Hanoon
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water clean then stored in air for surface to dry, and then stored in a saturated dry surface condition
before using.
3.4. Water
Using ordinary clean tap water for casting and curing all the slab specimens as well as for washing the
fine and coarse aggregate.
3.5. Steel Reinforcement
According to (ASTM 996 M-05) (2005) [5], deformed steel bars ( 8 mm ) in diameter were used as
reinforcement to test slab specimens obtained from China production.
3.6. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Sikadur-330
The CFRP sheet used in the strengthening application was SikaWarp Hex-230C unidirectional flexible
sheets. The structural adhesive paste used for bonding the SikaWarp Hex-230C sheets to the concrete
substrate was Sikasdure-330 which is high-modulus high-strength two component (A and B) products.
3.7. CFRP Bar
The CFRP bar used in reinforcing of concrete.
4. CONCRETE MIX
In this work use Normal Concrete
4.1. Electrical -Thermal Oven
It is an electric oven consists of a total of heater in different special lengths. And the temperature
would be raising gradually from23 120 . Also there are temperature indicatore that are
showing degree of heat inside the oven. There are also thermal sensors placed inside the holes to
discover the extent of temperature model. Where the holes are placed on special divided aspects and
mid model. As show in Figure (1).
Figure 1 Electrical -Thermal oven
5. SPECIMENS DESCRIPTION
5.1. The Molds Preparation
A total of twelve two-way RC square slabs were cast and cured under laboratory conditions. All slabs
were casting in plywood mold to give two-way slab specimens with dimension (900 X 900) mm and
thickness (70 mm), and aspects of the mold is made of a plate thick (20mm) to insure that the two way
slab had a smooth surface.
4. Stress Analysis of CFRP Strengthened Slabs Subjected to Temperature Change
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5.2. Specimens Design
The specimens were designed to study the effect of temperature change (from23 to 80 ) on the
flexural response of strengthened RC two-way slabs by (CFRP bar , CFRP sheet). All of the test slabs
were of the same dimensions (900 mm * 900 mm * 70 mm), and had the same flexural reinforcement
with (5 ∅8mm in diameter) spaced at 15 cm c/c in x- and y-directions equivalent to reinforcement
ratio of (ρ = 0.00499) and similar arrangement (square mesh).
5.3. Supporting and Loading System
All slab specimens were tested in a universal testing machine, with maximum capacity of (2000 kN).
The slabs were simply supported over four (800mm) lines on all four sides (knife edge) resting on stiff
steel frame and subjected to a uniform load applied to the top face of slabs, Before the testing of all
slabs exposed to temperatures required by placing them inside the oven was manufactured for this
purpose as show in Figure (2).All four support lines were 50 mm from the slab edges, so the effective
span of the slab in both directions was 800mm.
Figure 2 Supporting base and load system
6. SPECIMEN IDENTIFICATION AND STRENGTHENING SCHEMES
The present study deals with twelve RC two way slab specimens were investigated in this research.
They were subjected to both mechanical loading and temperature variation from (23 to 80 ) . the
specimens can be divided into groups according to:
6.1. Temperature change ( )
• Four specimens subjected to
• Four specimens subjected to
• Four specimens subjected to
6.2. Strengthening Schemes
• Three slabs without strengthening (control)
• Three slabs reinforced with CFRP bars
• Three slabs externally strengthening with CFRP sheets (5cm each 10cm)
• Three slabs externally strengthening with CFRP sheets (10cm each 20cm).
Specimen shapes and Strengthening Schemes are shown in Figure (3).
5. Abdul Ridah Saleh Al-Fatlawi and Dhoha Saad Hanoon
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Figure 3 Specimen shapes and Strengthening
7. CONCRETE CASTING AND CURING
The internal surfaces of cube, cylinder, prism, T.W molds are well cleaned and oiled to avoid adhesion
with concrete after hardening. Afterwards, the reinforcement is placed in the right position for all slab
molds.
8. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE TESTS
In the hardened phase, only destructive test is done. Destructive testing are compressive strength (cube
& cylinder), splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and stress-strain relationship (static
modulus of elasticity) .All the hardened properties of concrete for all specimens at 28 days are listed in
Table (1)
Table 1 Hardened Properties for Specimens
Group
Specimen
symbol cuf (Mpa)
'
cf (Mpa) ctf (Mpa) (Ec) (Mpa)*
1
S1 28.95 21.6 1.59 21983.1
S1c 24.27 20.01 2.54 21158.5
S1s-5cm 30.14 23.92 1.68 23133.5
S1s-10cm 32.39 24.16 1.37 23249.3
2
S2 27.48 20.67 2.2 21504.6
S2c 25.14 19.45 2.1 20860.3
S2s-5cm 24.56 19.3 2.2 20779.7
S2s-10cm 26.5 20.94 2.01 21644.6
3
S3 22.83 18.09 1.76 20117.8
S3c 25.59 20.5 1.42 21415.0
S3s-5cm 25.26 20.02 2.07 21163.8
S3s-10cm 27.21 21.68 2.45 220237
6. Stress Analysis of CFRP Strengthened Slabs Subjected to Temperature Change
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9. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT OF SLAB MODELS
9.1. General Behavior
All specimens were designed with a flexural reinforcement ratio of (0.499%) with a clear cover to the
reinforcement of 15mm, which is higher than the minimum reinforcement ratio required (0.0018) by
ACI building code.
9.2. First Cracking Loads
The first cracking loads (Wcr) which were obtained from. Generally, the visible first crack load of all
the specimens varied from (18%) to (43.85 %) of the experimental average ultimate loads.
9.3. Ultimate Load and Failure Modes
Table (2) provides a comparison for slabs with effect of temperature variation , effects of the
strengthening by using CFRP sheets on increasing the ultimate loads and failure modes with respect to
unstrengthened slab (control slab). The comparison is based on the ratio of the measured ultimate load
for each slab with respect to the ultimate measured load of the control slab.
Table 2 Ultimate load capacity in groups
Specimen Ultimate load
(kN/m2)
Increase in ultimate load (%)
S1 165 ------
S1c 150 -9.1
S1s-5cm 205 24.24
S1s-10cm 164 -0.6
S2 225 ------
S2c 164 -27.1
S2s-5cm 206 -8.4
S2s-10cm 164 -27.1
S3 250 ------
S3c 191 -15.1
S3s-5cm 302 20.8
S3s-10cm 260 4
9.4. Cracking Patterns
The cracking behavior of each group slab specimen was discussed in the following:
Group 1: Contains four specimens subjected to temperature (23 )
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Group 2: Contains four specimens subjected to temperature(45 )
Group 3: Contains four specimens subjected to temperature(80 )
8. Stress Analysis of CFRP Strengthened Slabs Subjected to Temperature Change
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10. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD RESULTS
10.1. Ultimate Load and Ultimate Deflection
A comparison between the theoretical and experimental values of the first crack load, ultimate load
and ultimate deflection for all slabs models as shown in Table (3). The table shows a good agreement
between the theoretical and the experimental results.
Table 3 Experimental and theoretical, ultimate load and max. deflection.
Slab
Symbol
Temp.
Ultimate Load
(kN/m2) F.E./EXP.
(%)
Max.
Deflection
(mm)
F.E./EXP.
(%)
Exp. F.E Exp. F.E
S1
23
165 178.24 108.02 11.366 10.307 90.68
S1C 150 161.38 107.59 14.350 12.084 84.21
S1S-5cm 205 220.08 107.36 9.948 9.611 96.61
S1S-10cm 164 181.11 110.43 3.688 3.440 93.28
S2
45
225 251.94 111.97 20.061 17.215 85.81
S2C 164 179.16 109.24 16.547 13.740 83.04
S2S-5cm 206 230.02 111.66 4.040 3.700 91.58
S2S-10cm 169 193.19 114.31 12.059 12.091 100.26
S3
80
250 271.67 108.67 30.650 25.818 84.23
S3C 191 212.50 111.26 10.04* 6.332* 63.07
S3S-5cm 302 310.64 102.86 6.692** 3.917** 58.53
S3S-10cm 260 270.98 104.22 6.014
***
3.01*** 49.02
*Deflection at load 130 kN/m2
*** Deflection at load 180 kN/m2
***Deflection at load 140 kN/m2
11. CONCLUSION
• The experimental test results confirmed that the strengthening technique of (CFRP sheet) system is
applicable and can increase the ultimate capacity for strengthened of R.C two way slab. In this study,
the ultimate load capacity of the strengthened slabs ranged between about (24.24% for S1S-5cm to
83.03% for S3S-5cm) over the ultimate load capacity of the reference (unstrengthen) slab.
• The use of CFRP bar showed a decrease in stiffness. In this study the slab reinforced with CFRP bar
gave the minimum results in the ultimate load (-9.09% ,-0.61% and 15.76%) for (S1C,S2C,S3C)
respectively compared with the control solid slab S1.
• In this study, use CFRP sheet as strengthening the slabs, same amount of material strengthening but
different distribution. The group strengthening with CFRP sheet 5cm each 10cm is more stiffer than the
group strengthening with CFRP sheet 10cm each 20cm. But these two groups were affected by
temperature change, the ultimate load was increase when the temperature increased, this increasing is
about (24.24% at 23 to 83.03% at 80 ) for slab strengthening by CFRP sheet 5cm each 10cm and (-
0.61% at 23 to 57.58% at 80 ) for slab strengthening by CFRP sheet 10cm each 20cm compared
with the control slab (without strengthening and at 23 )
• The presence of CFRP sheet at the bottom tension zone surface reduced the tensile concrete strains, and
this reduction was reflected to strains in the bottom tension steel bar reinforcement (i.e., reducing the
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tension steel bar strains), and this means increasing the tension strength and some tensile stresses would
be carried out by CFRP sheets.
• Using CFRP sheet as external strengthening had a significant effect on crack appearance and pattern of
the reinforced concrete two way slabs by delaying the crack appearance. The increase in cracking load
was about (62.5%) for slabs strengthening compared with the control slab in the same group.
• The three-dimensional finite element model used in the present study was able to simulate the
strengthened reinforced concrete two way slabs with (CFRP bar and CFRP sheet) with variable
temperature. The cracking loads, ultimate deflection and predicted ultimate loads were close to that
measured during the experimental testing with the maximum difference ratio in the ultimate load was
lower than (12%) for all the tested and analyzed slabs.
REFRENCES
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Reinforced Concrete Elements under Thermal Loads," Selected Presentation Proc., 4th
International Symposium on FRP for Reinforcement of Concrete Structures (FRPRCS4),
Baltimore, MD, Nov. 1999, pp. 233-243.
[2] Masmoudi, R., Zaidi, A., and Ge´rard, (2005), Transverse thermal expansion of FRP bars
embedded in Concrete. Journal of Com- posites for Construction, 9(5): pp 377–387.
[3] Iraqi Specification No. 5, , (1984), ”Portland Cement”, Baghdad.
[4] Iraqi Specification No. 45, "Natural Sources for Gravel that is Used in Concrete and Construction",
Baghdad, 1984.
[5] ASTM 996M, (2005), “Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement,”
Annual book of ASTM standards, Vol. 01.04, pp. 5.
[6] Javaid Ahmad and Dr. Javed Ahmad Bhat, Ductility of Timber Beams Strengthened Using CFRP
Plates, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4 (5), 2013, pp. 42-54
[7] Dr.Salim T.Yousif , New Model of CFRP-Confined Circular Concrete Columns: An Approach,
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