This document presents an analytical method for asphalt concrete mix design using granite powder as filler. It discusses selecting aggregates, developing aggregate gradation models, determining proportions using Excel Solver, estimating gradation areas with Trapezoidal rule, and evaluating mixtures using Marshall stability tests. Test results show granite powder produces comparable properties to stone dust filler and influences aging by increasing stiffness. The method allows quick, accurate mix design optimization.

1. Analytical Method for
Asphalt Concrete Mix
Design
Presented by
PENKI RAMU
14011D2211
Analytical Method for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design by PENKI RAMU is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License.

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology Adopted
• Results
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• 3000 metric ton/ day as a by-product
• This leads to serious environmental pollution.
• Porosity and Permeability of the top soil reduced.
• Ground water level has gone down to deeper
levels.
• The fine dust reduces the fertility of the soil by
increasing its alkalinity.
• Contamination of ground water, drainage problem.

4. Introduction
• The mix design involves three important steps
– selection of aggregates
– aggregates gradation
– proportion of aggregates.
• Selection of aggregates:
• qualities of a bituminous paving mixture are dependent
• C.A-Stability(interlocking & frictional resistance of adjacent particles)
• fines or sand- stability failure function in filling the voids
between C.A.
• Mineral filler is largely visualized as a void filling agent.

5. Introduction
• Aggregates gradation:
– density and stability depends upon Aggregates gradation.
– best gradation is one that produces maximum density.
– Particle arrangement where smaller particles are packed
between larger particles
– Thus reducing the void space between particles.
– This creates more particle-to-particle contact so, increase
stability and reduce water interaction.
– Minimum amount of void space is necessary to:
– provide adequate volume for the binder to occupy
– Provide resistance to frost action for base &sub base

6. Introduction
• Aggregate Blending:
– Trial and Error: Vary the proportion of
materials until the required aggregate gradation
is achieved.
– Graphical Methods: Triangular chart method
and Roch's method.
• The former is used when only three materials
are to be mixed.

7. Introduction
• Analytical Method: System of equations are
developed based on the gradation of each
aggregates, required gradation, and solved by
numerical methods.
– With the advent of computer, this method is
becoming popular and is discussed below.
– The resulting solution gives the proportion of
each type of material required for the given
aggregate gradation.

8. Introduction
• Analytical Method by SOLVER
– the solver can handle problems that involve
many variable cells and can help to find
combinations of variables that maximize or
minimize a target cell.
– İt also specifies one or more constraints-
conditions that must be met for the solution to
be valid

9. OBJECTIVES
• Utilisation of ‘Granite Powder’ as filler in mix design.
• To Develop a mathematical model for Aggregate Blending
• To Develop a Mathematical model for Aggregate
gradation area estimation.
• Marshall Stability parameters evaluated.
• Evaluation of the filler type on the mastics rheological
properties, before and after ageing.
• As the estimation measure of the change in the
rheological properties caused by the ageing process.

10. LITERATRURE REVIEW
• Marek Iwanski,Grzegorz Mazurek(2013)
• SMA mixture contained 6.2% of 60/70 bitumen
and 4% SBS polymer.
• Hydrated lime was dosed into SMA mixture to
replace 30% filler mass.
• Bitumen samples were obtained from SMA
wearing course layer at the site of the rut and out
of rut.
• On the basis of rheological properties the
recovered bitumen with hydrated lime had a
positive effect on reducing aging process.

11. LITERATRURE REVIEW
• Ismat M. Easa Hassan (1987)
• Simpson one-third formula used for unequal intervals.
• A composite generalized Simpson formula for calculating
the area given any even number of intervals is then
presented.
• An extended formula is developed for cases in which the
number of intervals is odd.
• In this paper evaluated irregular boundary area
computation by Simpsons 3/8 rule.
• The trapezoidal rule and Sampson’s rule are the most
common methods for computation of the area of
irregular boundary.

12. LITERATRURE REVIEW
Priyansh Singh and Gurpreet Singh Walia(2014)
• The aggregate blending can be performed through
trial and errors to more complex computation
techniques.
• In the present scenario every contractor is interested
in the cost effective aggregate blend. The old methods
are acceptable for rough use or to provide initial
solution.
• But in order to obtain a cost effective blend with
satisfactory specification requirement one needs to
accommodate more sizes of aggregates.
• These many constraint cannot be optimized with
traditional method. Hence the more accurate and
capable tools which can resolve these problems are
reviewed in this paper.

13. METHODOLOGY
• Selection of Materials
• Physical Properties of Materials
• Individual Gradation
• Proportioning of Aggregate Blend by SOLVER.
• Aggregate Gradation area by TRAPEZOIDAL Rule.
• Specific Gravities of binder and aggregates.
• Preparation of Marshall Specimens.

14. METHODOLOGY
• Testing of Marshall Test Specimens.
• Computation of Percent Air Voids in Compacted
Mix.
• Computation of Percent Voids in Mineral
Aggregates filled by Binder.
• Selection of Optimum Binder Content.
• Evaluating the Rheological properties by Empirical
Formulas by TFOT.

15. METHODOLOGY
• Aggregate Gradation Area by Trapezoidal Rule:
• Fullers Equation.
• p = 100* (d/D) n
Where,
• p is the percent by weight of the total mixture
passing any given sieve sized.
• D is the size of the largest particle in that
mixture.
• n is the parameter depending on the shape of
the aggregate (0.5 for perfectly rounded
particles).

16. METHODOLOGY
• Rheological Properties:
1. The retained penetration was calculated using
equation
• RP% = (Aged Penetration value/Unaged
Penetration value)*100
2. The increment in softening point was calculated using
equation
• ISP=Aged softening point value - Unaged
softening point value
3. Penetration Index (PI) was calculated using equation
• PI = (20.TRB+500*logP-1952)/(TRB-50.logP+120)

17. RESULTS
1. Proportion of Aggregates by Excel Solver
• X1=0.125178
• X2=0.223287
• X3=0.19685
• X4=0.434381
• X5=0.020305

18. RESULTS
2. Aggregate Gradation Area Calculation

19. RESULTS
2. Marshall Test Results

20. RESULTS
3. The retained penetration was calculated using
equation
– RP% For GP = (62/65)*100
= 95.38
– RP% For Stone Dust = (63/65)*100
= 96.92
4. The increment in softening point
– ISP for GP = 57.5-48.1
= 9.4
– ISP for Stone Dust = 57-48.1
= 8.9

21. RESULTS
5. Penetration Index (PI) was calculated using
equation
– PI for GP = (20*57.5+500*log62-1952)/( 57.5-
50*log62+120)
= 0.6192211993.
– PI for Stone Dust = (20*57+500log63-1952)/
(57-50log63+120)
= 0.5731332336.

22. CONCLUSIONS
• Reducing Environment Pollution
– land pollution
– water logging problems
– fertility power
– ground water contamination
• Excel Solver (Linear Optimization) can be applied
in the field
– to quickly and accurately assess the proper aggregate
proportioning.

23. CONCLUSIONS
• The area between the maximum density line and job mix
formula curve by using Trapezoidal Rule.
– which area is more that area is having more air voids at
different binder contents.
– By using the model a lot of time is saved as it indicates the
occurrence of air voids based upon the area obtained.

24. CONCLUSIONS
• The addition of granite dust to asphalt concrete can
produce properties comparable to the conventional
asphalt concrete mixes with stone dust as filler.
• These fillers can be used up to 8 % in asphalt
concrete mixes.
• But it is suggested to use them in the range of 2 to
5.5 % initially to observe their performance in
field.

25. CONCLUSIONS
• The addition of the Granite Powder to the binder
– decrease the penetration value
– increase the softening point
– increase the Penetration Index.
• The PI value of the bitumen increases as more
Granite Powder is added to the bitumen.
– increased in stiffness (hardness)
– improve the temperature Susceptability

26. CONCLUSIONS
• Based on PI value,
– higher PI are more resistant to
•low temperature cracking
•permanent deformation (cracking).
• The Granite Powder has influenced on the aging
process of the bitumen samples.
•ensured a greater rut resistance
•resistance to climatic factors.

27. DISCUSSIONS
• A widely used equation to describe a maximum density
gradation was developed by Fuller and Thompson in 1907.
• Dense or Well Graded:
• Refers to a gradation that is near the FHWA’s 0.45 power curve
for maximum density.
• The most common HMA and PCC mix designs in the U.S. tend
to use dense graded aggregate. Typical gradations are near the
0.45 power curve but not right on it.
• Generally, a true maximum density gradation (exactly on the
0.45 power curve) would result in unacceptably low VMA.

28. REFERENCES
1. Saad Issa Sarsam(2015): Modeling Asphalt
Concrete Mix Design Using Least Square
Optimization
2. Priyansh Singh and Gurpreet Singh Walia(2014).:
Review of Optimization Methods for Aggregate
Blending.
3. Khaled A. Kandil and Al-Sayed A. Al-Sobky(2013):
Aggregate Blending Model for Hot-Mix Asphalt
Using Linear Optimization
4. Tumu Swapna(2013): Modelling of Bituminous
mixes, JNTU Hyderabad.
5. Y. Cengiz Toklu(2005): Aggregate Blending Using
Genetic Algorithms

29. REFERENCES
6.Ismat M.EI Hassan(1987).: Irregular area
computation
7. Said M. Easa and Emre K.can(1985).:
Optimization model for aggregate blending
8.Ahmed, F.A(1983).: Area computation using sailent
boundary points
9.Mario T. Tabucanon, Pakorn Adulbhan and Stephen
S. Y. Chen(1979): A probabilistic programming
model for blending aggregates.
10.Tom V. Mathew and K V Krishna Rao: Dry mix
design NPTEL- IIT Bombay.
11.B. Pollington: Using Excel to solve linear

30. REFERENCES
13.https://www.quora.com/What is the easiest way to
calculate the area under the curve integral of a graph in
excel/ Kamran Hyder.
14. Dipu Sutradhar*, Mintu Miah, Golam Jilany
Chowdhury, Mohd. Abdus Sobhan(2015): Effect of
Using Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design.
15. Olugbenga A. Ehinola, Olugbenga A. Falode and G.
Jonathan(2012): Softening point and Penetration Index
of bitumen from parts of South western Nigeria.
16. Hanaa Mohammed Mahan(2013): Influence of Mineral
Filler- Asphalt Ratio on Asphalt Mixture Performance.

31. REFERENCES
17.Ravindra Tomar, R K Jain And M K Kostha (2013):EFFECT OF
FILLERS ON BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXES.
18. IRC:111-2009 specifications for dense graded mixes.
19.Afifa Rahman, Syed Ashik Ali*, Sajal Kumar Adhikary and Quazi
Sazzad Hossain (2009): effect of fillers on bituminous paving mixes:
an experimental study.
20.Wojciech GRABOWSKI*, Jarosław WILANOWICZ, Mieczysław
SŁOWIK, Tomasz SOBÓL(2007): Research Into The Influence Of
Short-term Ageing On The Change In The Rheological Properties Of
Mastics Containing Fillers Of Different Origin.
21. Prabir Kumar Das (2014): Ageing of Asphalt Mixtures: Micro-scale
and mixture morphology investigation-Doctoral Thesis.
22. HP Bitumen Hand Book

32. REFERENCES
23. Prajapati Harshad C, Dr. P. J. Gundaliya(2014): Review on Effect of
Aging on Paving Grade Bitumen using Different Filler Material.
24. Rajan Choudhary , Satish Chandra : GRANITE AND MARBLE
DUSTS AS FILLER IN ASPHALT CONCRETE.
25. Debashish Kar, Mahabir Panda and Jyoti Prakash Giri (2014):
INFLUENCE OF FLY-ASH AS A FILLER IN BITUMINOUS
MIXES.
26. MORT&H 5th
Edition (2013).
27. Marek Iwanski,Grzegorz Mazurek(2013): Hydrated lime as the Anti
Aging Bitumen Agent.
28.Aging of Bitumen by Nazma Presentation.

33. Thank You