This document discusses energy bands in solids and classifications of materials based on their band structure. It explains that in solids, electron energy levels form bands of allowed energies separated by forbidden bands. Materials are classified as conductors, insulators or semiconductors depending on their band gap. Conductors have overlapping bands resulting in no band gap, insulators have a large band gap, and semiconductors have a narrow band gap that allows excitation of electrons with small amounts of energy. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors are also described based on their pure or doped material composition and charge carrier types.