Tomato farming in poly house प्लास्टिक घरमा गोलभेंडा खेती

1. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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Knfl:6s 3/df uf]ne]+8f v]tL
6g]n leq ul/g] v]tLsf] Oltxf;nfO{ sf]6ofpFbf k|flrg /f]dg ;dodf dfOsfsf]
kftnf] Rofb/n] 5f]k]/ lj?jfx¿ vfN8f]df /f]k]sf] kfOG5 . ;g !#*% df
kmfG;df ;L;f3/df v]tL ul/Psf] lyof] . !( cf}+ ztfAbLdf o'/f]kdf u|Lg
xfp;df v]tL ul/GYof] . xfn Oh/fonsf] k|ljlw ;+;f/d} clt g} pRr dflgPsf]
5 . g]kfndf @)#%÷#^ ;fn lt/ PkmPcf]n] Knfl:6s 6g]nsf] ;'?jft u/]sf]
kfOG5 .
Knfl:6s 3/ Joj:yfkg
• Knfl:6s 3/sf] lardf %)—&% ;]=dL sf] af6f] nDafO{sf] ;dfgfGt/ x'g]
u/L /fVg] .
• w'nf] d}nf] hd]/ k|sfz sd x'g] xF'bf Knfl:6s 3/sf] ;/;kmfO ug]{ .
• udL{sf] df};ddf xKtfsf] ! k6s / hf8f]df !% lbgsf] km/sdf jif]{ kfgL
;+sng u/L jf yf]kf l;+rfO{ ljlw jf kmf]xf]/f ljlw jf kfO{k k|of]u u/L
l;+rfOsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
Knfl:6s 3/sf] kmfObfx¿
• Knl:6sn] k|lts'n jftfj/0faf6 arfpF5 .
• afnL lng] ;do ldnfpg ;lsG5 .
• /f]u sL/fx¿Aff6 lj?jf arfpg / ljiffbL sd k|of]u x'G5 .
• kfgLsf] ;b'kof]u x'G5 .
• afnLsf] cfo' a9L x'G5 .
• pTkfbsTj # b]lv % u'0ff a9L eO{ cfDbfgL w]/} x'G5 .
Knfl:6s 3/sf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
vDafsf nflu kfs]sf] tf?sf afF;, efF6fsf] nflu tfdf afF;, anf]sf nflu tfdf
jf tf?sf afF; jf pknJw x'g ;Sg] jfF;, efF6f afFWg Knfl:6ssf] 8f]/L
sLnf,%)) u]hsf] k"0f{ kf/bzL{ Knfl:6s, Knfl:6s hf]8g jf uf:g 6]k .
Knfl:6ssf] 3/ s:tf] x'g'k5{ <
b'O{ kfv] 5fgfsf] 9nfg :nf]k k|;:t ePsf] / 3/sf] prfO{ If]q cg';f/ x'g'k5{,
Knfl:6ssf] 3/ Hofb} le/fnf] 7fpFdf, jiff{bdf kfgL k:g] / kfgL hDg], w]/} x'/L
atf; nfUg] 7fpFdf x'g' xF'b}g . 5xf/L ePsf] cf]em]n kg]{ :yfgdf x'g' xF'b}g . 3/
klg w]/} nfdf] x'g' xF'b}g ePdf larsf] tfkqmd a9L x'g] x'G5 . Knfl:6ssf] 3/sf]
j/Lk/L s'n];f] sf6g' kb{5 .
Ps 3/af6 csf]{ 3/ %) ;] dL sf] km/sdf x'g'k5{ . 3/leq &% ;]dLsf] af6f]sf]
Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . tfkqmd x]g{ 3/leq ydf]{ld6/ /fVg' kb{5 .

2. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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Knfl:6s 3/df uf]ne]8f v]tL ug{ lgDg Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 xfjfkfgL M
• hldgsf] jgfj6 cg';f/ kxf8, vf+]r, a];L -%))ld= b]lv @%)) ld=_
;Ddsf] xfjfkfgL ePsf] hUufdf 6df6/ v]tL /fd|f] x'G5 .
• /ftsf] tfkqmd slDtdf !# l8u|L tyf al9df tfkqmd @) l8u|L eGbf
x'g'x'Fb}g .
• pko'St tfkqmd eg] lbgsf] @)—@% l8u|L ;]= / /ftsf] !%—@) l8u|L
;]= xf] .
lrq= cUnf] af]6 x'g] hft
Knfl:6ssf] 3/df Dff6f]
k|;:t k|fËf/Ls kbfy{ ePsf] dlnnf], kfgLsf] lgsf;sf] Joj:yf /fd|f] ePsf],
/fd|f];+u xfjf v]Ng ;Sg] b'd6 df6f] uf]ne]+8f v]tLsf] nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm
dflgG5 . lk=Pr= %=% b]lv ^=% :fDd ePsf] df6f]df v]tL /fd|f] ;+u x'G5 . s8f
/ lrD6fOnf] df6f] ePdf afn'jf uf]j/ dn k|f+uf/Ls kbfy{ cflb ldnfO{ @)—
$) ;]=ld= df6f] /fd|f] b'd6 agfpg' kb{5 .
df6f]sf] pkrf/
df6f]df sDk]f:6 dn ld;fO{ sDtLdf ! ljQf ulx/fO{ ;Dd l;+rfO{ u/L
Knfl:6sn] !—@ dlxgf ;Dd 5f]Kg] cyjf kmdf{lng ! ld=nL= k|lt !) ln6/
kfgLdf 3f]nL df6f] lehfpg] / Knfl:6sn] !% lbg 5f]Kg] cyjf df6f]df olt
a]nfg} ! Uf|fd a]leli6g k|lt ! ln6/ kfgLdf 3f]nL df6f]sf] pkrf/ ug'{ k5{ .
ljp b/
u'0f:tl/o / e/kbf]{ lap ePg eg] pTkfbgdf x|f; cfFp5 . To;}n] ljp 5gf}6
ubf{ u'0f:tl/o / e/kbf]{] >f]tdf ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 . u'0f:tl/o e/ kbf]{ ljp
ePg eg] pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpF5 . pGgt k|ljlw ckgfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/
;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf ;fy} cfjZostf cg';f/ s[lif ljz]if1åf/f ;'kl/j]If0f ul/
pTkfbg u/]sf] k|of]u ul/Pdf pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j9fpg ;lsG5 .
:ffdfGotof k|lt /f]kgL !)—!% u|fd ljp nfUb5 .

3. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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Hfftx¿
• cUnf] x'g] j0f{z+s/ hftx¿df ;[hgf -*)—!)) u|fd sf] kmn_
• xf]rf] x'g] j0f{z+s/ hftx¿df ljz]if, bIf -&)—() u|fd sf] kmn_
• ;L Pn Pg !!#! -@%—#)u|fd sf] kmn_
• ;L Pn Pg @)@^ l; / l8 -^%—*) u|fd sf] kmn_
uf]ne]+8fsf] g;{/L Joj:yfkg / lap /f]Kg] ;do
• Knfl:6ssf] 3/ leq klg uf]ne]+8fsf] g;{/L /fVg ;lsG5 cyjf
Knfli6ssf] 3/ leqsf] h:t} ul/ aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf klg df6f]sf] pkrf/
ug'{ k5{ . aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf ;fdfGotof tNnf] tyf dWo kxf8L
If]qx¿df k'if— df3 b]lv kmfNu'0f / cfiff9 b]lv >fj0fsf] z'?lt/
6df6/sf] g;{/Ldf lap 5g{ pko'St x'G5 . hUuf tof/ ug]{, afnL
nufpg] 7fpFdf uf]j/ dn, Tff]/Lsf] lkgf afof]hfOd dlN6Kn]S; cflb
k|of]u ug'{ k5{ .
• aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf Jof8sf] rf}8fO{ eGbf 8]9L nfdf] jfF; jf lgufnf]sf]
808L agfO{ cw{rGb|fsf/ 8ofËsf] lsgf/fdf uf8L Knf:6Lsn] 5f]Kg' kb{5
. g;{/L ! dL × @ dL × !% ;] dL ;fOhsf] !)×# ;] dL b'/Lsf]
km/sdf ;fgf] 5]:sfn] @ ;] dL ulx/f] w;f{x¿ agfpFg' kb{5 .
• jfn'jf km'sf] df6f] jf v/fgLn] k'g'{ kb{5 . Jof8nfO{ k/fn jf ;'s]sf]
v/n] 5f]kL xhf/Laf6 kfgL lbg' kb{5 . lap pd|gf;fy 5fkf] x6fpg],
Jof8nfO{ lg/Gt/ lr;f] /fVg] t/ kfgL hDg lbg' xF'b}g . Hff8f] df};ddf
6g]nsf] Knfli6s gx6fpg] / aiff{bsf] df};ddf 5fgf]sf] Knfli6s afx]s
lbgsf] / rsf{] 3fd / al9 tfkqmd ePsf] a]nfdf jl/kl/sf] Knfli6s
vf]Ng] .
• j]gf{ $–% kft] ePkl5 km]l/ o'l/of @Ü n]=kfgLdf ld;fO{ j]gf{df :k|] ug]{ .
afnL nufpg] ;do
aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf a]df};dL uf]ne]+8f nufpg] ;do tNnf] tyf dWo kxf8L
If]qx¿df kmfNu'0f b]lv r}q / cfiff9 b]lv >fj0f dlxgfdf a]gf{ ;fg{ ;lsG5 .
hUuf tof/L tyf nufpg] t/Lsf M
• aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf hldg ltg rf/ k6s hf]t]/ jf vg]/ emf/kft x6fP/
/ cfjZos 7fpFaf6 kfgL tsf{pg] s'n]zf] agfO{ kfgL ghDg] Aoj:yf
ldnfpg' kb{5 . ;fdfGotof uf]ne]+8f v]tLsfnflu $) 8f]sf] jf
@)))s]=hL sDkf]i6 jf uf]7] dn k|lt /f]kgL k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 . sd
pa{/fzlSt ePsf] df6f]df k|f+ufl/s tyf ;"Id h}ljs dnsf] dfqf
a9fpg' kb{5 .
• aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf xf]rf] x'g] hftsf] nflu !@) ;] dL ;fOhsf] Kn6df
@) ;] dL prfO{df @ xf/ a]gf{ ^) ;]=dL sf] b'/Ldf /f]Kg] .

4. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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• aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf cUnf]x'g] hftsf] nflu !$) ;] dL ;fOhsf] Kn6df
@) ;] dL prfO{df @ xf/ a]gf{ ^) ;]=dL sf] b'/Ldf /f]Kg] . Kf|To]s Kn6
kl5 jf6]sf] nfuL $)÷%) ;]=ld= vfnL 7fpF 5f]8g' kb{5 . Knfl:6ssf]
3/ leq eg] !÷! ld xf/df a]gf{ !dL sf] b'/Ldf /f]Kg] .
Tfflnd / sF“65F“6
• xf]rf] af]6 x'g] uf]ne]+8fdf ;'?df cfPsf ! lkm6 prfO{ ;Ddsf
d'gfx¿nfO{ x6fpg] / ! ld=cUnf] 6]sf lbg] .
• cUnf] af]6 x'g] uf]ne]+8fdf @ ld=cUnf] 6]sf @—@ ld=sf] km/sdf uf8g] /
tNnf] ef6f jf 8f]/L hldgsf] ;tx eGbf !%) ;]=ld= dfyL / bf];|f] ef6f
jf 8f]/L hldgsf] ;tx eGbf @ ld= dfyL lbg] .
• cUnf] af]6 x'g] uf]ne]+8fdf ;'?b]lv d'Vo sf08df $%;]=dL prfO{ ;Ddsf
d'gfx¿nfO{ x6fpg] . To; kl5 @ j6f d'gf /flv ef6f]sf] b'a} tkm{
k7fpg] / d'Vo sf08nfO{ dfly hfg lbg] . Aff]6 a9b} uPkl5 tNnf]
efusf kxF]nf kftx¿ x6fO{ lbg' kb{5 .
lrq= uf]ne]+8fsf] sfF65fF6
l;FrfO{
aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf / kfvf] af/Ldf aiff{ofddf uf]ne]+8f v]tL ul/Psf] 5 eg]
l;+rfO{sf] cfjZostf kb}{g t/ df6f]df lr:ofgsf] dfqf sd 5 eg] l;+rfO{ lbg
h?/L x'G5 . Knfl:6s 3/ leq klg cfjZostf x]/L l;+rfO{ ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf]
nflu xfn ahf/df pknAw yf]kf l;+rfO k|of]u ubf{ a]; x'G5 .
lrq= Knfl:6s 3/df uf]ne]+8f v]tL

5. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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uf]ne]+8fdf emf/ lgoGq0f
• emf/sf] k|sf]k x]/L @— # k6s ;Dd emf/ pv]Ng' kb{5 .
• uf]ne]+8fsf] j]gf{ ;f/]sf] @)—@%lbgdf / $)—$%lbgdf uf]8d]n ug]{ /
uf]8d]n ubf{ xNsf ps]/f lbg h?/L x'G5 .
• uf]8 d]nsf] b'a} ;dodf / k|To]s k6s kmn l6Kbf l;kmfl/; cg';f/
dnvfb lbg'kb{5 .
• aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf uf]ne]+8f n] kfgL hd]sf] ;xg ;Sb}g, @) ;]=dL= pRr
8ofª p7fO{ hft cg';f/ Ps 8]9 ld6/ rf}8f Kn6df uf]ne]+8f nufO{
lgsf;sf] /fd|f] Joa:yf ldnfpg ;lsG5 .
dnvfb
aflx/ v'nf7fpFdf 8ofª agfO;s]kl5 a]gf{ /f]Kg' eGbf & lbg cufj}
tkl;nsf dnvfb 8ofªdf 5l/ df6f] leq k'g'{k{b5 . 8ofªsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf
b]lvg' x'b}g . dnvfbs]f dfqf @,))) s]=hL uf]j/ dn clGtd hf]tfO{df
/f;folgs dn gf= Kfm=kf]=!)M !)M &=% s]lh k|lt /f]kgL jf u]8f dn -l8Plk_@)
s]=hL kf]6f; !! s]=hL ;fy} lh+s;NKf]m6 ! s]=hL af]/]S; tTj ! s]=hL k|lt
/f]klg k|of]u u/L df6f]df ldnfpg' kb{5 .
• Uf]f7] dn k|lt af]6 #—% s]=hL kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• u]8f dn -l8Plk_ k|lt af]6 @% u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Kf]f6f; k|lt af]6 !) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Jffof]hfOd, lhËs ;Nkm]6 Af]f/]S; k|lt af]6 !=% u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Af]gf{ /f]k]sf] @) —@% lbg leq klxnf] k6s tkl;nsf dn lbg' kb{5 /
• Uff]7] df]n k|lt af]6 # s]lh kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• u]8f dn -l8Plk_ k|lt af]6 !) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Kff]6f; k|lt af]6 !) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• o'/Lof k|lt af]6 !) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Aff]/]S; k|lt /f]kgL &)) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• lhËs ;Nkm]6 k|lt /f]kgL &)) u|fd kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• Jffof]hfOd k|lt /f]kgL ! s]lh kg]{ u/L /fVg] .
• k|To]s k6s kmn l6Kbf l;kmfl/; cg';f/ k|lt /f]kgL $ s]lh o'/Lof dn
a]n'sL kv /fVg' kb{5 .

6. gf]6 M k|sfzssf] cg'dlt ljgf o; k|sfzgsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf s'g} klg Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
o; ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L ljleGg lj1sf] ;Nnfx tyf cGo ;+3;:yfn] k|sfzg u/]sf ;fdu|Ldf lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'g . o;df
;d'bfon] cfkmgf] k|of;df ug{ ;Sg] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . t/ ljif]z kl/l:yltdf k'g ;DalGwt lj1sf] ;Nnfx lng' kg]{5 .
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uf]ne]+8f t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbg / jhf/
• ;fwf/0ftof j}zfv leq /f]lkPsf uf]ne]+8fdf %%–^) lbg b]lv klxnf]
kmn l6Kg nfos x'G5 . Joj;foLs ¿kdf /f]k]sf] uf]ne]+8fdf *)–!!%
lbg ;Dd kmn kfSg dWo x'G5 . ljutsf s]lx jif{sf] cfs8f x]bf{
ciff9sf] @) b]lv d‘l;/;Dd /fd|f] efp k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
• 6f9fsf] jhf/ k'¥ofpg' 5 eg] @%Ü kxF]nf x'Fbf l6Kg], glhssf] jhf/ eP
%)Ü kx]Fnf x'Fbf / udL{ ;dodf jhf/ Hofb} glhs eP k'/} kmn /ftf]
ePkl5 l6Kg] .
-;|f]tM s[ifs / k|ljlw— jif{ @, c+s !*, h]7÷@)&!_