Color vision is the ability to perceive differences between wavelengths of light using cone cells in the retina that are sensitive to red, green, and blue light. There are two main theories of color vision: Young-Helmholtz theory proposes three types of cone cells each sensitive to a primary color, while Hering's theory proposes that some colors appear mutually exclusive like red-green and yellow-blue. Color blindness is caused by deficiencies in perceiving one or more primary colors and can range from anomalous trichromacy where one color is defective to dichromacy where one color is completely absent to rare monochromacy where only one color is perceived.

1. OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. Color vision: Is the capacity of an organism or
machine to distinguish objects based on the
wavelengths or frequencies of the light they
reflect or omit.
Color visionis a function of cones and better
appreciated in photopic vision.

3. Hue Is the identification of color.
Brightness Is the intensity of color.
Saturation Is the purity of a color.

4. THEORIES OF COLOR VISION

5.  Also called as YOUNG-HELMHOLTZ THEORY.
 The existence of three kinds of cones, each
containing a different photo pigments and
maximally sensitive to one of three primary
colors RED,GREEN and BLUE.

6. RED sensitive cone pigment /ERYTHROLABE or
long wavelength sensitive (LWS)
GREEN sensitive cone pigment /CHLOROLAB or
medium wavelength sensitive (MWS)
BLUE sensitive cone pigments /CYANOLAB or
short wave length sensitive.

7. Therefore, color vision is
the consequence of
unequal stimulation of
the 3 types of cones. In
a specific ratio.
Example : If you stimulate
all 3 types of cones
about equally the result
is white or no color.

8.  By HERING
 Some colors appear to be mutually exclusive.
Red with green
Yellow with blue.

9. COLOR BLINDNESS

10.  An individual with normal color vision is known as
TRICHOMATE.
 In color blindness, faculty to appreciate one or
more primary colors is either defective
(anomalous) or absent (anopia)
 It may be congenital or acquired

11.  X –linked recessive inherited condition.
Affecting males(3-4%) more than females(0.4%)
It may be
Dyschromatopsia
Achromatopsia

12.  Color confusion due to deficiency of mechanism to
perceive colors.
 It can be classified in to :-
Anomalous Trichromatism
Dichromatism

13.  The mechanism to appreciate all the three primary
color is present but is defective for one or two of
them.
Protanomalous:- defective red color
appreciation.
Deuteranomalous:-defective green color
Tritanomalous:- defective blue color

14.  One of the three primary color is completely
absent. such individual are called Dichromate.
 Protanopia :-complete red color defect
 Deutreranopia :-complete green color defect.
 Tritanopia :- complete blue color defect.

15.  It is an extremely rare condition.
CONE MONOCHROMATISM
ROD MONOCHROMATISM

16.  Presence of only one color and thus the person is
truly color blind.
 Visual acuity of 6/12 or better.

17. Complete or incomplete
Total color blindness
Day blindness (Visual acuity is about 6/60)
Nystagmus
Funds is usually normal.

18.  Damage to macula or optic nerve.
Associated with a central scotoma or decreased
visual acuity.

19. These are the colours of the rainbow and also what
they would look like if you were colour blind
 This is what a normal person would see as the
colours of the rainbow

20.  This is the same picture viewed by someone with
protanopia.
 This is the same picture viewed by someone with
deuteranopia

21.  This is the same picture viewed by someone with
tritanopia
 This is the same picture viewed by someone with
Monochromacy which Is full colour blindness

22. THANK YOU