The presentation is on the various defects of color perception by a human being owing to the defects known as defective color vision

1. DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION Rena Mehta; Asstt Prof,Jaipur

2. EYE IS A WONDERFUL ORGAN WITH WHICH WE ENJOY THE BOUNTIES OF NATURE

3. IMAGINE A WORLD DEVOID OF COLOUR

4. COLOUR HAS ALWAYS FASCINATED US, ON GROUND IN AIR IN WATER

5. WHAT IS COLOUR ?

6. COLOUR CAN BE BROADLY DEFINED AS THE EFFECT ON THE BRAIN OF AN OBSERVER WHEN AN OBJECT IS VIEWED IN PRESENCE OF A LIGHT SOURCE .

7. 74% 10% 16% NORMAL PERSON

9. Colour blindness is the inability to distinguish certain colours. It occurs when one or more of the cone types is missing or defective to any extent. They may be absent entirely, or may be present, but unable to manufacture the necessary signals to the brain.

10. CONGENITAL ACQUIRED CAUSES OF DEFECTIVE COLOR VISION

11. CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION

12. Red-green,blue- yellow Red-green,blue-yellow Main type Sub type DEFECTIVE COLOUR SYSTEM Trichromatic Normal - Protanomalous Red Deuteranomalous Green Tritanomalous Blue-yellow Dichromatic Protanopia Red Deuteranopia Green Tritanopia Blue-yellow Monochromatic SINGLE CONE VISION LIMITED ROD BASED VISION

14. ANAMALOUS TRICHROMATES ABNORMAL TRICHROMATS WHO ARE NOT DEFICIENT IN RESPECT OF THEIR VISION OF ANY OF THE SPECTRAL COLOURS, BUT HAVE AN ABNORMAL INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SENSITIVITY IN CERTAIN REGIONS

15. Anomalous trichromat with a shift in red sensitivity PROTANOMALY

16. Anomalous trichromat with a shift in green sensitivity DEUTRANOMALY

18. Dichromats have two cone receptors rather than three, and match all the spectral hues using two colour matching variables. There are three types of dichromatism depending on which of the three normal pigments is missing. Protanopes are the most common, lacking the long-wave ‘red’ sensitive receptors. Deuteranopes lack the middle-wave ‘ green’ receptors, and Tritanopes lack the short-wave ‘ blue ’ sensitive receptors. Protanopes and deuteranopes cannot distinguish red light from green light, while the rare tritanope has blue-yellow confusion2. DICHROMATS

20. Available light without red. (red-insensitive dicromat) Green perceived as both red and green. (red-insensitive dichromat)

22. Available light without green. (green-insensitive dichromat) Red perceived as both red and green. (green-insensitive dichromat

25. RELATING TO PROBLEM WITH RED RECEPTION RELATING TO PROBLEM WITH GREEN RECEPTION PROTAN DEUTAN PROTAN DEUTAN STANDARD 16 COLOUR PALETTE

26. STANDARD PALETTE PROTAN PALETTE DEUTRON PALETTE

27. PROTAN PALETTE

28. DEUTAN PALETTE

29. Monochromats cannot discriminate colors and perceive only shades of gray. Individuals with monochromatic vision are truly colorblind (achromatopsia). There are two types of monochromats. Rod monochromats completely lack cones. This condition is associated with reduced visual acuity, hypersensitivity to light (photophobia) and other vision impairments Cone monochromats have only one cone type. They usually have good visual acuity and none of the other vision impairments found in rod monochromats. MONOCHROMATS

30. NORMAL VISION

31. ROD MONOCHROMATS CONE MONOCHROMATS This condition is associated with reduced visual acuity, hypersensitivity to light (photophobia) and other vision impairments They usually have good visual acuity and none of the other vision impairments found in rod monochromats.

32. INHERITANCE OF DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION

33. WHEN FATHER HAS DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION X Y X X X X X Y X X X Y

34. WHEN FATHER HAS DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION AND MOTHER IS A CARRIER OF RECESIVE CHROMOSOME X Y X X X X X Y X X X Y

35. WHEN MOTHER IS A CARRIER OF DEFECTIVE CHROMOSOME X Y X X X X X Y X X X Y

36. WHEN MOTHER HAS DEFECTIVE COLOUR VISION X Y X X X X X Y X X X Y

37. THANK YOU