Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae which is typically spread through contaminated food or water. It causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. The classic symptoms include watery diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle cramps which can lead to severe dehydration within hours. The bacteria produce a toxin that increases cyclic AMP in intestinal cells, causing them to secrete fluids and electrolytes leading to diarrhea. Prevention focuses on proper disposal of infected waste and ensuring water and food are free from contamination. Treatment involves oral rehydration and antibiotics to kill the bacteria.