Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to rapid dehydration. Transmission is primarily through consuming contaminated drinking water or food infected with the Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Treatment involves oral rehydration solutions and antibiotics for severe cases.
A PowerPoint describing what Cholera is and the effects it has on people. Graphs showing cases and deaths around the world are shown as well as a case study of Cholera in Zimbabwe.
Cholera is devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. Cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics.
Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today.
Cholera is a acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Majority of infection are mild or asymptomatic.
IV B.PHARM, 8-SEMESTER ,SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACY.
CHOLERA DISESASE
DEFINITION, SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, TREATMENT, PREVENTION.
A PowerPoint describing what Cholera is and the effects it has on people. Graphs showing cases and deaths around the world are shown as well as a case study of Cholera in Zimbabwe.
Cholera is devastating diarrheal disease caused by V. Cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics.
Epidemic cholera remains a significant public health concern in the developing world today.
Cholera is a acute diarrhoeal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Majority of infection are mild or asymptomatic.
IV B.PHARM, 8-SEMESTER ,SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACY.
CHOLERA DISESASE
DEFINITION, SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, TREATMENT, PREVENTION.
A bunch of topic were selected for our subject Communicable Diseases, surprisingly I picked up "Cholera El tor"...
I have done enough research regarding this topic from Brunner and Suddarths MedSurg books and other resources. I collated the ideas and came up to this presentation...
Hope it will be able to help my colleagues, students and those people who needs to know the what, why's, and how of Cholera!
xoxo ^___^
Running Head: CHOLERA 1
CHOLERA 2
Cholera in Developing Countries
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January 15, 2014
In developing countries, cholera is major concern due to poor sanitation, crowding, poverty, and contaminated drinking water. This disease is caused by bacterium Vibrio cholera. Presence of this bacteria initiates release of a toxin that leads to release of water from the cells of the small intestines, which produces severe diarrhea. Increased diarrhea and vomiting leads to the body being dehydrated. Common locations for cholera in developing countries are Africa, Asia, India, Mexico and South and Central America. Transmission occurs by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by waste products of infected persons (Barua & Greenough, 1992)
Cholera exhibits itself in high levels of diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid. Persons may also have variety of symptoms, for instance abdominal cramps, dry mucus membranes, dry skin, excessive thirst caused by high level of dehydration. Further, symptoms of glassy or sunken eyes, low urine output, lethargy and nausea. If anyone exhibits all or one of these signs, it is advisable to consult a physician in order to run tests. These tests include blood culture, stool culture and gram stains. When treating cholera, the main aim is to replace electrolytes and fluid lost through severe diarrhea. Fluid may be given orally or through vein, known as intravenous. Antibiotics may shorten the periods of illness related to cholera. Antibiotics used to treat cholera include tetracycline or doxcyline. The World Health Organization (WHO) has successfully developed an oral rehydration solution that is cheaper and easier than the IV fluid. If severe diarrhea is not treated in the early stages, it can result in life threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances (Barua & Greenough, 1992).
Water supply is an essential in human population and ensuring better public health. This can however be limited by low coverage, poor continuity, insufficient quantity and poor quality. Results of epidemiological studying the relationship between the quality of water supply, sanitation, and water-borne diseases such as cholera vary. However, there is enough evidence to support the conclusion that improving water supply can have significant impact on human health. Adequate water supply and the quality of water are vital in cholera infection reduction. Water is essential in the disposal of excreted waste. If the water supply is inadequate due to shortages, the same water used for domestic purposes like drinking and cooking is at risk of cholera contamination. Sufficient water supply reduces cholera infections and contamination. This helps to ensure that water used for excretal d ...
The Role of Hemolytic Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli EPEC in the Developme...YogeshIJTSRD
The article deals with a group of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli. Most often, these bacteria cause acute intestinal disorders intestinal coli infection , and in young children and in weakened persons, they can also cause damage to the urinary tract, sometimes the development of cholecystitis, meningitis, and sepsis. Distinguish between enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, enteroadhesive infection and other infections. Yusupov Mashrabismatillayevich | Shaykulov Hamza Shodiyevich "The Role of Hemolytic Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (EPEC) in the Development of Diarrhea in Children, its Features of Prevention and Treatment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38270.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/38270/the-role-of-hemolytic-enteropathogenic-escherichia-coli-epec-in-the-development-of-diarrhea-in-children-its-features-of-prevention-and-treatment/yusupov-mashrabismatillayevich
1. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting. Transmission is primarily through consuming contaminated drinking water or food. The severity of the diarrhea and vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration. Primary treatment is with oral dehydration solution and if these are not tolerated fluids, Antibiotics are beneficial in those with severe disease. Worldwide it affects 3-5 million people and causes 100,000-130,000 deaths a year as of 2010. Cholera was one of the earliest infections to be studied by epidemiological methods . CHOLERA
2. The Russian-born bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine developed the first cholera vaccine around 1900. The bacterium had been originally isolated forty five years earlier (1855) by Italian Filippo Pacini, but its exact nature and his results were not widely known. One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow (1813–1858), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water. DISCOVERED
4. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. This bacterium can, however, live naturally in aquatic environments. Vibrio cholerae (also Kommabacillus ) is a gram negative comma-shaped bacterium with a polar flagellum that causes cholera in humans. In this model, the genetic deficiency in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel proteins interferes with bacteria binding to the gastrointestinal epithelium, thus reducing the effects of an infection. CAUSING ORGANISM
8. A number of safe and effective oral vaccines for cholera are available an orally administered, inactivated whole cell vaccine, has an efficacy of 85%, with minimal side effects. It is available in over 60 countries. However, it is not currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for most people traveling from the United States to the third world. One injectable vaccine was found to be effective for two to three years. It has limited availability. however, as of 2010. Work is under way to investigate the role of mass vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immunization of high risk groups. TREATMENT
9. VACCINATION Cholera may be life-threatening, prevention of the disease is normally straightforward if proper sanitation practices are followed. In developed countries, due to nearly universal advanced water treatment and sanitation practices, cholera is no longer a major health threat. The last major outbreak of cholera in the United States occurred in 1910-1911. Fluids: Rice-based solutions are preferred to glucose-based ones due to greater efficacy. A ntibiotics: A ntibiotic treatments for one to three days shorten the course of the disease and reduce the severity of the symptoms.