6. SIZE
-- pertains to the number of individuals in a
population.
Example:
The recorded population of people in the
Philippines on July 2000 is
72, 000, 000.
KIND PLACE TIME NUMBER
Homo
Sapiens
Philippines July 2000 72, 000, 000
7. FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE SIZE OF A
POPULATION
1. Natality
-- numbers of species that are born
2. Mortality
-- number of species that die
8. 3. Immigration
- numbers of species that entered the
land
4. Emigration
- numbers of species that leave the
land
10. DENSITY
-- number of individuals or species living in a
particular area of that population.
EXAMPLE:
100 cows/hectare
11. DISTRIBUTION
-- describes the spacing of organisms relative
to each other.
Patterns of Distribution:
1. Clumped Distribution
2. Uniform Distribution
3. Random Distribution
12.
13. CLUMPED DISTRIBUTION
The organism are concentrated in an area.
It may offer the population protection from
enemies.
UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
The organisms are evenly distributed over
an area.
14. RANDOM DISTRIBUTION
There is no specific order in random
distribution, the organism is spread
throughout the area with-out an over-all
pattern.
17. BIOTIC POTENTIAL
It is the number of offspring that could
exist if all offspring survived and produced
young.
18. The life history of a housefly.
A female can lay 120 eggs and hatch them
in one day. Within the sixth day, the pupa
forms. In a week, adults emerge from the
pupa. In the span of two weeks, single pair
of flies produce 120 offsprings.
19. ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
Factors that reduces the growth rate of
population. It is when a population does
not reach its biotic potential because there
are factors that affect its growth.
- resource shortage (water/food)
- disease, competition of
organisms, predation
20. Carrying Capacity- the maximum number of
individuals in a particular population that the
environment can support over an indefinite period
of time in terms of food, space and shelter.
CARRYING CAPACITY
22. 1. Density-dependent factors
Biotic factors in the environment that have a
greater limiting effect as population size increases.
Examples:
disease
competition
parasites
23. 2. Density-independent factors
Abiotic factors in the environment that affect
populations regardless of their density.
Examples:
temperature
storms
habitat destruction
drought
25. COMMUNITY
It is the place where populations
interact.
Can considered from two viewpoints:
- Autecology – each organism is a member of a
community
- Synecology – group of organisms in a particular
area
31. SYMBIOSIS
It means living together of two or more
organisms of different species.
1. Parasitism: one organism benefits (the
mosquito) while the other (the host) is
harmed.
2. Mutualism: both species benefit.
2. Commensalism: one species benefits while
the other remains unaffected.
33. Producers:
Organisms that make their own
energy (food).
a. Use the process of photosynthesis.
b. Oxygen is a by-product (waste material).
Consumers:
Organisms that can’t make their own food.
Must eat producers or other consumers for
energy.
36. Habitat:
The place where an organism lives and that provides
food, shelter, moisture, and temperature needed for
survival.
Examples:
a. Swamp
b. Field
c. Lake
d. Tree
Where an organism lives.
37. Niche:
Role of an organism in the ecosystem, including unique
ways an organism survives, such as: how it interacts with
other organisms, how it obtains food and shelter, and avoids
danger.
Examples:
a. Anteaters keep the ant population.
b. Bacteria eats dead animals assisting in
decomposition. And keeping them from piling
up, while adding nitrogen to the soil
Role an organism plays
