Motion refers to any change in an object's position over time. It can be described using scalar and vector quantities like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is how far an object travels while displacement considers only the shortest path between start and end points. Speed is how distance changes over time while velocity also includes direction. Acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity. Newton's laws of motion describe how forces affect the motion of objects. The law of universal gravitation explains how gravitational force depends on masses and distance between objects.

1. MOTION

2. What is Motion?
 Motion is the act or process of moving.
 Any object that changes in position is in
motion, wheter you are riding a bicycle,
running or even walking, you are in
motion.

3. Some Motion Terms
Scalar .vs. vector
Distance & Displacement
Velocity & Speed
Acceleration
Uniform motion

4. Motion can be described in terms of
measured quantities:
SCALAR QUANTITY
- completely described by the size or magnitude
(e.g. volume, mass, time)
VECTOR QUANTITY
- described by the magnitude or size of the distance
traveled as well as its direction. (e.g. velocity,
acceleration)

5. Distance & Displacement
 Distance is the actual distance
traveled.
 Displacement depends only on Start
& Finish line. Shortest distance
between two points.
 Displacement is the distance
traveled, in a certain direction.

6. Distance & Displacement

7. SPEED
 Rate of movement of an object from one
place to another at a period of time.
distance (d)
S = time (t)

8. Example:
 A runner runs 100 meters in 7
seconds. What is his speed?
 Given: d= 100 m
t= 7 sec.
Speed = ?

9. (d)
S = (t)
= 100 m
7 sec.
= 14.29 m/sec.

10. VELOCITY
 Rate of change in the position of an
object as it moves in a particular
direction.
distance (d)
Velocity (u) = time (t)
*with direction

11. Example:
 A car travels 30 kilometers east in one
hour. Calculate the velocity of the car.
(d)
Velocity = (t)
30 km
= 1 hr
= 30 km/hr east

12. AVERAGE VELOCITY
 Change in displacement per change in time.
change in distance
Average Velocity (u) = change in time
= d2 – d1
t2-t1

13. Example:
 Starting from rest an ambulance travels 50 km
west for 1.5 hrs to pick up a patient. What is the
average velocity of the ambulance?
 Given: d1 = 0
d2 = 50 km
T1 = 0
T2 = 1.5 hrs
Average velocity = ?

14. Solution:
50 km – 0
u = 1.5 hrs – 0
= 50 km
1.5 hrs
= 33.33 kph

15. Instantaneous speed and velocity
 Instantaneous speed is the speed of
an object at any particular given
instant while the instantaneous
velocity shows the velocity of an
object at one point.

16. ACCELERATION
 Rate of change in velocity over time due to change in
speed or/and direction.
 An accelerating object is speeding up, slowing down, or
changing the direction in which it is moving.
v
a = t
*m/s/s

17. Average Acceleration
 Rate at which velocity changes
divided by an elapsed time.
 For example, if the velocity of a
marble increases from 0 to 60 cm/s in
3 seconds. Its average acceleration
would be 20 cm/s/s.

18.  a = Vf - Vi
Tf – Ti
= 60cm/s – 0
3sec – 0
= 20 cm/s/s

19. ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
 Is the acceleration for any object moving under the sole
influence of gravity.
 It is such an important quantity that physicist have a
special symbol to denote it – the symbol g.
 All objects falling near the earth’s surface fall with a
constant acceleration. The numerical value for this is
accurately known as 9.8 m/s/s.

20. Two Dimensional Motion
 PROJECTILE MOTION
-- is the curved motion of an object that
is objected into the air.
 Projectile – is any object that is thrown
projected into the air.
 Trajectory – is the path taken by a
projectile.

22. UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
 Can be described as the motion of an object in a
circle at a constant speed. As an object moves in a
circle it is constantly changing its direction. At all
instances, the object is moving tangent to the
circle.

23. CENTRIPETAL FORCE
 Is the force directed toward the
center of a circle

24. NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
First Law
“ An object at rest stays at rest and an
object in motion stays in motion with the
same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force”

25. INERTIA
 tendency of an object to resist any
change in its motion
 Inertia makes objects keep on
doing whatever they are doing.
Everything made of matter has
inertia, even you.

26. NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
Second Law
“ The acceleration of an object depends
directly upon the net force acting upon the
subject and inversely upon the mass of
the object”

27. 1. A constant force produces a constant
acceleration
2. Doubling the force will double the
acceleration
3. Doubling the mass requires a force twice as
large to achieve the same acceleration
F = m a

28. NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
Third Law
“ Whenever one object exerts a force
on a second object, the second object
exerts an equal and opposite force on the
first”

29.  Newton’s third law of motion states that an
object experiences a force because it is
interacting with some other object. The force
that object A exerts on object B must be of the
same magnitude but in the opposite direction
as the force that object B exerts on object.

30. UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
“Every particle in the universe attracts
every other particle in the universe with a
force that depends on the product of the
two particles' masses divided by the
square of the distance between them”

31. Gravitational constant (G) X mass (m1) X mass (m2)
(F) = distance (d)
2
Where:
G = 6.67 X 10 -11
Nm
2
/kg
2