Unit2 Ecology Ia Species
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The document discusses key concepts in ecology including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. It defines each of these levels of ecological organization from organisms to the biosphere. Species are composed of one or more populations whose members can interbreed. Populations are groups of the same species in a given area. Communities are sets of populations that live together. Ecosystems include both biotic factors like organisms and abiotic factors like climate, along with their interactions. For a species to occur in a place, it must be able to get there, survive the environmental conditions, and reproduce.
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The document discusses key concepts in ecology, including ecosystems, populations, communities, habitats, niches, and biotic and abiotic factors. It also covers interactions between species like competition, predation, and symbiosis. Ecological succession and how ecosystems change over time in response to disturbances is explained through examples of primary and secondary succession on land and whale-fall succession in the ocean. Human impacts like land clearing and introduced species are noted to decrease species diversity.
Ecology Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains biotic factors like other living things, and abiotic factors like climate and soil. Organisms have niches defined by how they interact with biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystems involve complex food webs of producers, consumers, and decomposers that transfer energy and cycle nutrients. Species also engage in relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism.
Ecology Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches in ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in food webs and energy pyramids. Species interact through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems, getting lost at each trophic level according to the 10% law.
Ecology Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches within ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Energy and matter transfer between trophic levels according to food chains and webs, following the 10% law where only 10% of energy is transferred between levels. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence populations and communities within ecosystems.
Ecology-Rev.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms have niches defined by their habitats and roles in food webs. Food webs show how energy passes between trophic levels from producers to various consumer levels, and how pollutants can biomagnify up the food chain. Species also interact through predation, competition, symbiosis and coevolution.
Introduction to Ecology(Biotic and Abiotic Factors).ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. It describes abiotic factors as non-living elements like climate and biotic factors as living organisms. The document outlines different levels of ecological organization from organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems. It also explains important ecological concepts like producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Specific examples are given to illustrate biological magnification and coevolution.
Ecology rev
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. It describes abiotic factors as non-living elements like climate and biotic factors as living organisms. The document outlines different levels of ecological organization from organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems. It also explains important ecological concepts like producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Specific examples are given to illustrate biological magnification and coevolution.
Ecology1
The document provides an overview of key concepts in community ecology, including species interactions, trophic levels, food webs, succession, biomes, and factors that limit population growth. It defines important ecological terms and describes various types of species relationships, ecological roles, community changes over time, and Earth's major terrestrial biomes.
Levels of Ecological Organization-1.pdf
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. An ecosystem is composed of all the living and nonliving things in an area and how they interact. Ecosystems exist within larger biomes defined by climate and soil conditions. Within an ecosystem, populations of organisms interact as communities and compete for limited resources, which controls their sizes. The ecosystem and its abiotic and biotic factors together form the basic functional unit of ecology.
Populations and Ecosystems
The document discusses key concepts about populations and ecosystems. It defines the biosphere as the parts of Earth inhabited by life, including biomes like forests and grasslands. Ecosystems consist of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment. Populations are groups of the same species within an ecosystem. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Organisms adapt through natural selection to survive in their environment, and ecosystems change over time through processes like succession. Invasive species can disrupt native ecosystems.
Ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It includes the study of different levels of ecological organization from the biosphere down to individual organisms. Organisms fill different ecological niches as producers, consumers, or decomposers within food chains and food webs. Population growth follows exponential or logistic patterns depending on environmental carrying capacity. Succession over time leads to the development of climax communities.
Ecology power point alison- cannon edit
Ecology is the study of relationships among living organisms and their interactions with the non-living environment. An ecosystem is defined as a unit of the biosphere where living and non-living things interact. Within an ecosystem, biotic factors such as food chains and food webs determine how organisms obtain energy and nutrients, while abiotic factors like water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles continually recycle critical elements. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with about 90% lost at each level. Population growth rates are determined by births, deaths, and migration in and out of the area. Communities change over time through succession as early colonizers modify the environment and make way for later species.
Ecology lecture 3-5 (2-2-2023), (8-2-2023).pptx
This 3-credit course covers fundamentals of ecology at the BS level. It defines key ecological terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere. It discusses population ecology including factors determining population growth, exponential and logistic growth models, and limiting factors. The course also examines communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. Students will do mid-term group presentations on ecological factors and energy flow. Assessment includes exams, presentations, proposals, quizzes and attendance.
Population and Community
This document defines key population and community ecology concepts. It discusses [1] what a population is, factors that affect population size, density, and distribution. [2] Population growth is influenced by natality, mortality, immigration, emigration, and environmental resistance. Carrying capacity is the maximum population size an environment can sustain. [3] Communities are formed by populations interacting in an area. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis shape community structure. Producers, consumers, and decomposers fill different roles. Habitats provide resources while niches define an organism's function. Energy and nutrients flow through food chains and webs.
Terrestrial Ecology Notes1
The document provides an overview of key concepts in terrestrial ecology, including:
- Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact.
- Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs, with only 10% being transferred between trophic levels.
- Human activities have impacted carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles, altering global ecosystems.
- Climate and precipitation determine biome types such as deserts, forests, grasslands and tundra across the planet.
Ecological Organization
This powerpoint describes the levels of which ecologists study organisms interacting with their environments. Also includes a review of heterotrophs, autotrophs, and ecological pyramids.
Similar to Unit2 Ecology Ia Species (20)
Introduction to Ecology(Biotic and Abiotic Factors).ppt
Introduction to Ecology(Biotic and Abiotic Factors).ppt
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Hydrologic Cycle
Water is essential for life and the hydrologic cycle distributes it around the planet. The cycle involves evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, collection as runoff or infiltration into groundwater, and storage in oceans, glaciers, and ice caps. Climate is influenced by the hydrologic cycle as warm air holds more water vapor and rising air cools, causing precipitation. Changes to the cycle, such as intensification due to climate change, can produce more extreme flooding and drought.
Unique Properties Of Water New
Water has unique properties that allow life to exist on Earth. Its molecular structure, with hydrogen bonds between water molecules, gives water special characteristics including a high heat capacity and heat of vaporization. This allows water to absorb large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change, acting as a thermal buffer for both living things and the global climate. The density of water peaks at 4°C then decreases as it approaches the freezing point of 0°C, allowing ice to float on liquid water.
Unity & Diversity Of Life
1. The document discusses the unity and diversity of life at different levels of biological organization, from atoms to ecosystems.
2. It notes that all living things share basic structural and functional similarities, such as cells, DNA, and reliance on the same six main elements.
3. The main theme is that while life exhibits great diversity, all organisms are interconnected through their common ancestry and dependence on the same basic biological processes and building blocks of life.
Unit2 Ecology Ib Populations Ppt2003
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology, including population size, density, distribution, growth patterns, biotic potential, carrying capacity, r-selected and K-selected species, factors influencing population size, and examples of population growth curves showing exponential and logistic growth.
Unit2 Ecology Ic Communities
Community ecology examines how species interact and relate to one another within biological communities. Ecologists represent feeding interactions through food chains and complex food webs. Organisms are classified based on trophic levels according to their position in the food web. Communities experience natural and human-caused disturbances and undergo succession over time. Some species have outsized impacts on community structure as keystone species, ecosystem engineers, or foundation species. Community ecologists study how communities resist or recover from disturbances.
Unit1c Social Activism
The document outlines four stages of environmental conservation history and activism: 1) Pragmatic resource conservation to utilize nature for human benefit, 2) Moral and aesthetic nature preservation to appreciate nature's beauty, 3) Growing concern over health impacts from pollution, and 4) Global environmental citizenship where all life has a right to exist. It also discusses utilitarian conservation policies that maximize benefits over longest period and biocentric preservation giving organisms a right to exist for their own interests, quoting Martin Luther King about recognizing current issues to determine future actions.
Unit1c Science
The document discusses the scientific method and key aspects of experimental design in science. It defines science as using an evidence-based process to explore and explain the natural world. The scientific method involves making observations, asking questions, developing hypotheses, conducting experiments to test predictions, and analyzing results. Well-tested hypotheses that withstand rigorous scrutiny may become accepted scientific theories. Controlled experiments are described as a key way to test hypotheses by systematically manipulating variables while holding all other factors constant.
Unit1b Social Traps
This document discusses various attitudes that can lead to or perpetuate environmental problems, as well as social traps that originate from individual actions that collectively cause large problems. It examines attitudes like rosy optimism, the frontier attitude, and tech-fix that prevent action, as well as sustainability as an attitude that supports environmental renewal. Social traps arise when individual actions that provide short-term gains, like overgrazing a common field, ultimately degrade a shared resource. The document also analyzes different types of social traps like time delay traps, sliding reinforcer traps, and externality traps, and proposes ways to avoid traps through education, rules and laws, or reframing choices as tradeoffs.
Unit 1a Intro
Environmental science integrates many fields of study to understand the environment and human interactions with it. It explores how the natural world works, how the environment affects humans, and how humans affect the environment. Some of the key questions environmental science addresses are: how do humans cause environmental problems and how can these problems be avoided? It also examines issues like population growth, water and food resources, air and water pollution, energy needs, and climate change. The goal is to understand these challenges and find sustainable solutions that do not harm the environment.
Unit1b Introenvscie
The document discusses three perspectives on environmental ethics: anthropocentric, biocentric, and ecocentric. It also outlines Aldo Leopold's land ethic of viewing humans as citizens within the land community. The document then presents a model for addressing environmental problems through scientific assessment, risk analysis, public education, political action, and evaluation. It acknowledges this process is idealized and complex environmental problems are rarely addressed so systematically.
Introd
Environmental science integrates many fields of study to understand the environment and human interactions with it. It explores how the natural world works, how the environment affects humans, and how humans affect the environment. Some of the key questions environmental science addresses are: how do humans cause environmental problems and how can these problems be avoided? It also examines issues like population growth, water and food resources, air and water pollution, energy needs, and climate change. The goal is to understand these challenges and find sustainable solutions that do not harm ecosystems.
Unit1a Social Traps
This document discusses various attitudes that can lead to or perpetuate environmental problems, as well as social traps that cause environmental issues. It outlines attitudes like rosy optimism, the frontier attitude, and tech-fix that prevent action, as well as sustainability as an alternative attitude. Social traps are situations where individual actions that seem beneficial in the short-term can harm society in the long-run, such as overuse of common resources. The document proposes education, rules and laws, and changing traps to tradeoffs as ways to avoid social traps and their environmental consequences.
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature is the system used to name chemical compounds in order to distinguish them from each other. There are different naming rules for ionic compounds versus molecular compounds. Binary ionic compounds follow the rules of naming the metal first followed by the nonmetal with an "ide" ending, such as NaCl for sodium chloride. Binary molecular compounds use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or phosphorus trifluoride (PF3). Some common molecular compounds have non-systematic names like water (H2O) or ammonia (NH3).
Evolution And Diversity Plants
The document discusses the classification and taxonomy of plants and living organisms. It introduces the five kingdoms used to classify all life (plants, animals, fungi, protists, and monera) and provides examples of types of organisms that fall under each kingdom. The document also discusses the binomial naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus used to systematically name and organize plant species.
Unit Iiic Lewis Dot Structure
Lewis dot structures represent elements with dots around their symbols equal to their number of valence electrons and are used to describe ionic and covalent chemical bonds. Metals are elements that are lustrous, conductive of heat and electricity, and malleable. They include groups IA, IIA, and IIIA, which form 1+, 2+, and 3+ ions respectively. Non-metals lack luster, conductivity, and malleability, while metalloids have properties between metals and non-metals.
Chemical Bonds
The document discusses different types of chemical bonds including ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and polar covalent bonds. Ionic bonds are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to become ions with positive or negative charges that are then attracted to each other. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Polar covalent bonds result in an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonds are an attraction between hydrogen and other electronegative atoms.
Population Ecology
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology, including population size, density, distribution, growth patterns, biotic potential, carrying capacity, r-selected and K-selected species, environmental resistance, and predator-prey cycles. It provides examples and explanations of exponential and logistic growth curves, and compares characteristics of r-selected and K-selected species.
Plant Families, Trees And Cacti
The document discusses several important plant families and species found in the Sonoran Desert, including cacti, legumes, agaves, and yuccas. It provides details on their physical characteristics, such as leaf structure for legumes, flowering and growth habits for agaves, and distinguishing features for different types of cacti. It also describes several species of trees and shrubs common to the region, focusing on identifying traits like bark, leaves, flowers, and uses.
Structure Of Electrons
1) Atoms are made of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in concentric shells.
2) Electron shells can hold a set number of electrons, with the outermost shell being the valence shell.
3) The number of electrons in the valence shell determines an element's chemical properties and reactivity, as elements try to fill their outer shells.
Periodic Table Of Elements
The document provides information about the periodic table of elements, including that it arranges elements in order of increasing atomic number with similar elements grouped together. It notes there are currently 111 named elements and discusses the common elemental symbols and groups, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and noble gases. It also outlines the most common elements in living organisms and lists some macrominerals and microminerals needed by the human body.
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Unit2 Ecology Ia Species
- 1. Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems Ecology I Species interactions, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 4. Levels of organization in the living world: large scale to small scale Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 5. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism The sum total of living things on Earth and the areas they inhabit A functional system consisting of a community, its nonliving environment, and the interactions between them A set of populations of different species living together in a particular area A group of individuals of a species that live in a particular area An individual living thing Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 15. Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems Species: Distribution & Interrelationships
- 20. Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 23. Microhabitat: the part of the habitat the organism is “really” using Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 25. Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 33. Limiting Factors and Saguaro distribution: saguaros are limited to the north by freezing temperatures and to the south by competition with other plants Ecology I: Species, Populations, Communities and Ecosystems
- 36. INTERRELATIONSHIPS Mutualism Which Type? Both gain
- 37. INTERRELATIONSHIPS Competition Which Type? Both the bobcat and coyote lose
- 38. INTERRELATIONSHIPS Parasitism Which Type? The parasite gains, the host loses
- 39. INTERRELATIONSHIPS Predation Which Type? Predator gains, Prey loses
- 40. INTERRELATIONSHIPS Commensalism Which Type? Snake gains home, rodent unaffected (hole abandoned long ago)
- 41. INTERRELATIONSHIPS: Review Mutualism Which Type? Both gain
- 42. INTERRELATIONSHIPS: Review Competition Which Type? Both lose available soil moisture