This document provides information about Spanish verb conjugations in the preterite tense. It discusses the regular conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. It also covers spelling changes, stem changes, and irregular verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conjugate different types of verbs in the preterite. The uses and meanings of the preterite tense are explained. Additional topics covered include negative and affirmative expressions, the groups verb conjugations fall into, and notes about the present indicative tense.
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3. • Verbs ending in –car, -gar, -zar have a
spelling change
• C qu ex: buscar (yo) busqué
• G gu pagar (yo) pagué
• Z c realizar (yo) realicé
4. • In the preterite, dar and ver take
the endings –er and –ir:
• Dar di diste dio dimos
disteis dieron
• Ver vi viste vio vimos
visteis vieron
5. Not done yet…
Oír, caer, and verbs ending in –eer and –uir have
the following change in the él and ellos forms
of the preterite: i y.
Oír oí oíste oyó oímos oísteis oyeron
Caer caí caíste cayó caímos caísteis cayeron
Leer leí leíste leyó leímos leísteis leyeron
Construir construí construíste construyó
construímos construísteis constryeron
6. Stem changing verbs
• Verbs in –ar and –er that use stem
changes in the present do not have the
stem change in preterite:
Pensar (ie) pensé
Contar (ue) conté
7. Changes in -ir
Verbs in –ir that have stem changes in the
present have stem changes in the él and
ellos forms of the preterite:
ei
sentir: (yo) sentí (él) sintó (ellos)
sintieron
ou
dormir: (yo) dormí (él) durmió
(ellos) durmieron
8. But wait!
REMEMBER!
Reír and sonreír have the following
preterite forms:
Ex:
reí reíste rió reímos reísteis rieron
9. Why preterite?
The preterite is used to describe events
and actions that took place and were
completed in the past.
Ex:
Argentina won the world cup in 1986.
La Argentina ganó el Mundial en 1986.
10. Irregular preterite!
Infinitive
Ser/ir
J group
I/U group
Yo
Fui
-e
-e
Tu
Fuiste
-iste
-iste
El, Ella,
Ud.
Nosotros
Fue
-o
-o
Fuimos
-imos
-imos
Vosotros
Fuisteis
-isteis
-isteis
-eron
-ieron
Ellos, ellas, fueron
uds.
11. Notes
• Remember! The yo and él forms of the
preterite have no accent marks.
• In the preterite, ser and ir have the same
form. Usually the context clarifies the
meaning of the verb.
• The él form of the preterite of hacer is hizo.
• The preterite of hay is hubo.
• Verbs conjugated in the present like hacer,
venir, and tener have similar conjugation
patterns in the preterite:
(componer) ¿Quién compuso la sinfonia?
•
13. Some words change…
Infinitive
Original meaning
Preterite meaning
Conocer
To know
Met (for the first
time
Poder
To be able
Suceeded
Querer
To want
Tried
No querer
To not want
Refused
Saber
To know
Found out
Tener
To have
Got, recieved
16. More notes
(so boring D:)
Alguno and ninguno become algún and
ningún before a masculine singular noun.
The personal a is required with alguien,
nadie, alguno, and ninguno
When used in a question, jamás
corresponds to ever.
Tampoco is used to express agreement
with negative statements. Ex: Neither
do I.
17. Rules
Negative words may come either before or
after the verb.
negative word + verbno + verb + negative
word
Nadie vio la película.
No vi a nadie en la
cafetería.
No one saw the movie. I didn’t see anyone in
the cafeteria.
When the negative words come before and
after the verb, no is not used, when both
come before the verb, no is used.
18. Pero and Sino
Both pero and sino mean but.
Sino is used if the first part of the sentence is
negative but is contradicted by the second
part. It is equivalent to the expressions but
instead and but rather.
Pero is used instead of sino if there is no direct
contradiction between the two parts of the
sentence.
Sino que is used instead of sino to connect two
contradictory clauses.
19. Present indicative
• The present indicative is used to describe
actions or situations that have been going on
since a specific point in time or for a certain
period of time.
• Present + (desde [since] + point in time /
desde hace [for] + duration of time)
• Juego al tenis. I am playing tennis.
• Juego al tenis desde la una. I have been
playing tennis since one o’ clock.
• Juego al tenis desde hace dos horas. I have
been playing tennis for two hours.
20. Un poco mas
• Interrogative expressions:
¿Desde cuándo…? Since when….?
¿Desde have cuávnto tiempo…? (For) how
long…?
• Once can also describe and action that has
veen going on for a given period of time with
the following:
• hace + duration of time + que + present
