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El Uso del Artículo como
Sustantivo
 The definite article can replace a noun that has already
been expressed.




el/ la/ los/ las + adjective
el/ la/ los/ las + de + noun
el/ la/ los/ las + que + clause

 Me gusta la falda azul, pero te gusta la verde. (I like the

blue skirt, but you like the green one.)
 Esta falda de algodón no me queda bien. Podría
mostrarme la de seda? (This cotton skirt does not fit me
well. Could you show me the silk one?)
 Voy a darte mi camisa que compré, pero necesitas
darme la que compraste. (I am going to give you the
shirt that I bought, but you need to give me the one that
you bought.)
Other uses of an Article
Neuter article lo to express “something”
Siempre prefieres lo que escojo. (You always prefer what I
choose.)
Ella nunca me compra lo caro. (She never buys me what is
expensive.)
Indefinite article can also be used like the definite pronoun.
Me pruebo un vestido rojo, pero te pruebas uno amarillo. (I
try on a red dress, but you try on a yellow one.)
Practice
~Tell the Alternative for the following actions~

1. A Clara no le gusta la bolsa grande.
2.
3.
4.

(pequeña)
No quiero llevar la falda larga. (corta)
A Sr. Ramírez no le encantan las chicas
con pelo moreno. (con pelo rubio)
No compras el perfume que huele a
rosas. (a jazmín)
Answer Key
1. A Clara le gusta la pequeña. (Clara likes
2.
3.
4.

the small one.)
Quiero llevar la corta. (I want to wear the
short one.)
A Sr. Ramírez le encantan las con pelo
rubio. (Mr. Ramirez loves the ones with
blonde hair.)
Compras el que huele a jazmín. (You
buy the one that smell like jasmine.)
Cuál??????


Used as an adjective




Cuál vestido quieres más? (Which dress do you like
more?)

Used as a pronoun to replace a noun




Cuál le gusta más? (Which one do you like more?)

In a sense which/ what with ser




Cuál es el chaleco que te tienes? (Which one is the
vest that you have?)

To ask for a definition, use qué? with ser


Qué es un chaleco? (What is a vest?)
Los adjetivos y pronombres
demonstrativos
 Demonstrative pronouns
= this/ that/ those/ these
Adjective
This
Masc.,
Sing

That

That over there

Pronoun
This

That

That over there

este

ese

aquel

éste

ése

aquél

Fem.,
Sing

esta

esa

aquella

ésta

ésa

aquélla

Masc.,
Plural

estos

esos

aquellos

éstos

ésos

aquéllos

Fem.,
Plural

estas

esas

aquellas

éstas

ésas

aquéllas
Uses of Demonstrative
Pronouns
 Neuter (esto, eso, aquello) to refer to a fact,
statement, idea that has not been specified yet
 Eso es muy barato. (That is very cheap.)
 Qué piensas de esto? (What do you think of this?)

 Other uses
 Vas a comprar estes zapatos o ésos? (Are you going
to buy these shoes or those?)
 Voy a comprar aquéllos. (I am going to buy those
over there.)
Practice
~Translate the following sentences~

 -Which jacket are you going to buy?
-That one.
 I like this skirt.
 That is very cheap.
 Could you give me that shirt over
there?
Answer Key
 -Cuál chaqueta vas a comprar?
-Ésa.
 Me gusta esta falda.
 Eso es muy barato.
 Me podría dar aquella camisa?
Los Adjetivos y Pronombres
Posesivos
Possessor

Possessive Adjective

Possessive
Pronoun

Unstressed Form

Stressed Form

yo
tú
él, ella, Ud.
nosotros

mi
tu
su
nuestro/a

mío/ mía
tuyo/ tuya
suyo/ suya
nuestro/a

vosotros

vuestro/a

vuestro/a

el vuestro
la vuestra

ellos, ellas,
Uds.

su

suyo/ suya

el suyo/ la suya

el mío/ la mía
el tuyo/ la tuya
el suyo/ la suya
el nuestro
la nuestra
Uses of Possessive Pronouns
 To introduce nouns
 Mi coche es amarillo. (My car is yellow.)

 Stressed possessive pronouns always
follow the noun
 Un amigo mío vive aquí. (A friend of mine
lives here.)

 Used after ser
 El abrigo es mío. (The coat is mine.)
Practice
~Translate the following sentences~

1. A cousin of mine works here.
2. Your shoes are blue and mine are
yellow.
3. I am buying my skirt and Clara is
selling hers.
Answer Key
1. El primo mío trabaja aquí.
2. Tus zapatos son azules y los míos
son amarillos.
3. Compro mi falda y Clara se vende
la suya.
Las Comparaciones
 Positive (+)
 más ____ que
 más inteligente que (more intelligent than)

 Negative (-)
 menos _____ que
 menos inteligente que (less intelligent than)

 Equating (=)
 tan _____ como
 tan inteligente como (as intelligent as)
Irregular comparative forms






bueno (good). . . . .mejor (better)
bien (well)
malo (bad). . . . . .peor (worse)
mal (badly)
mayor = más grande
 Soy 4 años mayor que mi hermana. (I am 4 years
older than my sister.)

 menor = más pequeño
 Soy menor que mi prima. (I am younger than my
cousin.)
El Superlativo
 Constructions like the most, the least
 el/ la/ los/ las + más/ menos + adjective + de
 El menos inteligent (the least intelligent)

 Irregulars

 bueno. . . . .el mejor (the best). . . Sara es la mejor amiga de
Barbara. (Sara is Barbara’s best friend.)
 malo. . . . . .el peor (the worst)

 Also, más/ menos + adverb

 De mis primas, Marta se viste más elegantemente. (Among my
cousins, Marta dresses the most elegantly.)

 más/ menos + noun

 Juan es la persona que tiene más amigos. (Juan is the person
who has the most friends.)
Practice
~Translate the following sentences~

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

My hair is darker than yours.
She is the tallest girl.
You run the fastest.
We are the best students.
They have the most dolls.
You are as pretty as I am.
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Mi pelo es más oscuro que el tuyo.
Ella es la más alta.
Corres más rapidamente.
Somos los mejores estudiantes.
Tienen más muñecas.
Eres tan bonita como yo.

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Chapter 9

  • 1.
  • 2. El Uso del Artículo como Sustantivo  The definite article can replace a noun that has already been expressed.    el/ la/ los/ las + adjective el/ la/ los/ las + de + noun el/ la/ los/ las + que + clause  Me gusta la falda azul, pero te gusta la verde. (I like the blue skirt, but you like the green one.)  Esta falda de algodón no me queda bien. Podría mostrarme la de seda? (This cotton skirt does not fit me well. Could you show me the silk one?)  Voy a darte mi camisa que compré, pero necesitas darme la que compraste. (I am going to give you the shirt that I bought, but you need to give me the one that you bought.)
  • 3. Other uses of an Article Neuter article lo to express “something” Siempre prefieres lo que escojo. (You always prefer what I choose.) Ella nunca me compra lo caro. (She never buys me what is expensive.) Indefinite article can also be used like the definite pronoun. Me pruebo un vestido rojo, pero te pruebas uno amarillo. (I try on a red dress, but you try on a yellow one.)
  • 4. Practice ~Tell the Alternative for the following actions~ 1. A Clara no le gusta la bolsa grande. 2. 3. 4. (pequeña) No quiero llevar la falda larga. (corta) A Sr. Ramírez no le encantan las chicas con pelo moreno. (con pelo rubio) No compras el perfume que huele a rosas. (a jazmín)
  • 5. Answer Key 1. A Clara le gusta la pequeña. (Clara likes 2. 3. 4. the small one.) Quiero llevar la corta. (I want to wear the short one.) A Sr. Ramírez le encantan las con pelo rubio. (Mr. Ramirez loves the ones with blonde hair.) Compras el que huele a jazmín. (You buy the one that smell like jasmine.)
  • 6. Cuál??????  Used as an adjective   Cuál vestido quieres más? (Which dress do you like more?) Used as a pronoun to replace a noun   Cuál le gusta más? (Which one do you like more?) In a sense which/ what with ser   Cuál es el chaleco que te tienes? (Which one is the vest that you have?) To ask for a definition, use qué? with ser  Qué es un chaleco? (What is a vest?)
  • 7. Los adjetivos y pronombres demonstrativos  Demonstrative pronouns = this/ that/ those/ these Adjective This Masc., Sing That That over there Pronoun This That That over there este ese aquel éste ése aquél Fem., Sing esta esa aquella ésta ésa aquélla Masc., Plural estos esos aquellos éstos ésos aquéllos Fem., Plural estas esas aquellas éstas ésas aquéllas
  • 8. Uses of Demonstrative Pronouns  Neuter (esto, eso, aquello) to refer to a fact, statement, idea that has not been specified yet  Eso es muy barato. (That is very cheap.)  Qué piensas de esto? (What do you think of this?)  Other uses  Vas a comprar estes zapatos o ésos? (Are you going to buy these shoes or those?)  Voy a comprar aquéllos. (I am going to buy those over there.)
  • 9. Practice ~Translate the following sentences~  -Which jacket are you going to buy? -That one.  I like this skirt.  That is very cheap.  Could you give me that shirt over there?
  • 10. Answer Key  -Cuál chaqueta vas a comprar? -Ésa.  Me gusta esta falda.  Eso es muy barato.  Me podría dar aquella camisa?
  • 11. Los Adjetivos y Pronombres Posesivos Possessor Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Unstressed Form Stressed Form yo tú él, ella, Ud. nosotros mi tu su nuestro/a mío/ mía tuyo/ tuya suyo/ suya nuestro/a vosotros vuestro/a vuestro/a el vuestro la vuestra ellos, ellas, Uds. su suyo/ suya el suyo/ la suya el mío/ la mía el tuyo/ la tuya el suyo/ la suya el nuestro la nuestra
  • 12. Uses of Possessive Pronouns  To introduce nouns  Mi coche es amarillo. (My car is yellow.)  Stressed possessive pronouns always follow the noun  Un amigo mío vive aquí. (A friend of mine lives here.)  Used after ser  El abrigo es mío. (The coat is mine.)
  • 13. Practice ~Translate the following sentences~ 1. A cousin of mine works here. 2. Your shoes are blue and mine are yellow. 3. I am buying my skirt and Clara is selling hers.
  • 14. Answer Key 1. El primo mío trabaja aquí. 2. Tus zapatos son azules y los míos son amarillos. 3. Compro mi falda y Clara se vende la suya.
  • 15. Las Comparaciones  Positive (+)  más ____ que  más inteligente que (more intelligent than)  Negative (-)  menos _____ que  menos inteligente que (less intelligent than)  Equating (=)  tan _____ como  tan inteligente como (as intelligent as)
  • 16. Irregular comparative forms      bueno (good). . . . .mejor (better) bien (well) malo (bad). . . . . .peor (worse) mal (badly) mayor = más grande  Soy 4 años mayor que mi hermana. (I am 4 years older than my sister.)  menor = más pequeño  Soy menor que mi prima. (I am younger than my cousin.)
  • 17. El Superlativo  Constructions like the most, the least  el/ la/ los/ las + más/ menos + adjective + de  El menos inteligent (the least intelligent)  Irregulars  bueno. . . . .el mejor (the best). . . Sara es la mejor amiga de Barbara. (Sara is Barbara’s best friend.)  malo. . . . . .el peor (the worst)  Also, más/ menos + adverb  De mis primas, Marta se viste más elegantemente. (Among my cousins, Marta dresses the most elegantly.)  más/ menos + noun  Juan es la persona que tiene más amigos. (Juan is the person who has the most friends.)
  • 18. Practice ~Translate the following sentences~ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. My hair is darker than yours. She is the tallest girl. You run the fastest. We are the best students. They have the most dolls. You are as pretty as I am.
  • 19. Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mi pelo es más oscuro que el tuyo. Ella es la más alta. Corres más rapidamente. Somos los mejores estudiantes. Tienen más muñecas. Eres tan bonita como yo.