This document outlines the basic rules of tenses in English grammar. It explains the formation of simple present, present continuous, present perfect, and other tenses based on whether the subject is singular or plural. For each tense, it provides the formula to use for singular and plural subjects, and an example sentence to illustrate it. The tenses covered include simple present, present continuous, present perfect, past, future, and others.

1. BASIC RULES OFTENSES
Made By: Samyak Jain

2. Abbreviations used in the presentation
• S - Subject
• O - Object
• V1 - First form of the verb
• V2 - Second form of the verb
• V3 - Third form of the verb

3. Simple Present
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + V1 + s/es + O
E.g.: Alec sells toffees.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + V1 + O
E.g.: Children perform on the stage.

4. Present Continuous
1. If Subject is singular:
S + is/am + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: He is flying the kite.
2. If Subject is plural:
S + are+ V1 + ing + O
E.g.: They are flying kites.
‘am’ is used with ‘I’. ‘is’ is used with ‘he/she’.
‘are’ is used with ‘we/they/you’.

5. Present Perfect
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + has + V3 + O
E.g.: He has finished his work.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + have + V3 + O
E.g.: They have finished their work.

6. Present Perfect Continuos
1.If Subject is Singular:
S + has + been + V1 + ing + since/for + O
E.g.: He has been dancing for four hours.
2.If Subject is Plural:
S + have + V1 + ing + since/for + O
E.g.: We have been doing the work since
7:00a.m.

7. Simple Past
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + V2 + O
John bought two toffees.

8. Past Continuos
1. If Subject is singular:
S + was + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: He was eating Pasta.
2. If Subject is plural:
S + were + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: They were flying kites.

9. Past Perfect
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + had + V3 + O
E.g.: He had killed the snake.

10. Past Perfect Continuous
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + had + been + V1 + ing + since/for + O
E.g.:They had been talking for over an hour.

11. Simple Fututre
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + will/shall + V1 + O
E.g.: She will go there in the evening.

12. Future Continuous
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + will/shall + be + V1 + + ing + O
E.g.: They will be running tomorrow.

13. Future Perfect
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
E.g.: Tom will have finished the work.

14. Future Perfect Continuous
Whether the Subject is singular or plural, rule
remains the same:
S + will/shall + have + been + V1 + ing + O
E.g.: Jane will have been dancing on the stage
tomorrow.

15. Made by : Samyak Jain