Chapter 3 Movement Of Substances
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The document discusses different types of movement of particles and molecules across membranes, including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower. The effects of osmosis on plant and animal cells in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions are described. Active transport uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
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The document provides information about diffusion, osmosis, and transport systems in plants and humans. It discusses:
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Plants have developed two pathways for transporting water and nutrients throughout their systems:
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This document discusses the movement of substances across the plasma membrane in cells. It covers the structure of the plasma membrane and the different mechanisms of transport, including passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport which requires energy. Key differences between passive and active transport are that passive transport follows the concentration gradient and does not require energy, while active transport moves substances against the gradient and needs cellular energy.
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The document discusses the movement of substances across the plasma membrane, including via passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport. Passive transport involves movement down a concentration gradient and does not require energy, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP. Specific transport proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion and active transport to help move substances across the membrane.
Biology Form 5 Chapter 4 - 4.6 Growth in multicellular organisms
Growth in multicellular organisms involves two main processes - growth and development. Growth refers to a permanent increase in size through cell division and cell enlargement. It follows distinct phases including cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation. Development refers to qualitative changes that involve cell specialization. Growth can be measured through parameters like height, weight, surface area, fresh mass, and dry mass. Primary growth in plants occurs through cell division at the apical meristems, increasing length. Secondary growth thickens stems and roots through the activity of vascular cambium, adding rings of xylem and phloem.
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BIO - Chapter 2-5 - Cells, Movement of Substances, Nutrients and Enzymes
BIO - Chapter 2-5 - Cells, Movement of Substances, Nutrients and Enzymes
Biology Form 5 Chapter 4 - 4.6 Growth in multicellular organisms
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Biology Topic three
Concentration gradients exist when there is a region of high concentration leading to a region of low concentration. Diffusion is the process by which particles spread from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to lower water concentration. Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient using energy from respiration by way of carrier proteins.
Cell membrane and Osmosis
The document discusses cell membrane transport and osmosis. It explains that cell membranes are semi-permeable and allow water and some gases to pass through via diffusion down their concentration gradients. Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower concentration. The document provides examples of how osmosis causes cells to swell or shrink depending if the solutions outside the cell are hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
Water potential (osmosis) extension
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration until equilibrium is reached. Water potential is a measure of the kinetic energy of water molecules - pure water has a potential of 0 kPa while solutions have negative potentials as water molecules are less free to move. The concentration of solutes and number of solute particles restricts water movement by attracting and binding water molecules. Osmosis will occur if two solutions separated by a membrane have different water potentials.
Lect 1 biochemiical
1) Biophysics is the science that explains biological systems and processes using the principles of physics. It spans scales from molecules to whole organisms.
2) Key biological processes like diffusion, osmosis, viscosity and surface tension are governed by fundamental physics laws and concepts. Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a solution of higher water potential to lower water potential.
3) Diffusion and osmosis play important roles like facilitating the movement of substances into and out of cells. The behavior of plant and animal cells differs when placed in solutions of varying water potentials due
lecture 2.pptx
This document provides an overview of plasmolysis and osmosis in plant cells. It defines plasmolysis as when plant cells lose water and shrink away from their cell walls after being placed in a hypertonic solution. Osmosis, which is responsible for plasmolysis, is the movement of water across membranes from areas of higher water concentration to lower concentration. The document describes different types of plasmolysis (concave, convex) and explains how solutions can be hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic relative to plant cells. It also distinguishes osmosis, the movement of water, from diffusion, the movement of molecules.
Dadu
Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration in order to equalize the concentrations. It provides the means for water transport into and out of cells. The direction of osmosis depends on whether the solution on one side of the membrane is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic relative to the cytoplasm. In hypotonic solutions, water enters the cell causing it to swell. In hypertonic solutions, water leaves the cell causing it to shrink. In isotonic solutions, there is no net movement of water. Osmosis is vital for plants and animals to maintain life processes like transporting water throughout the
Movement in and out of a cell
Substances are able to move in and out of the cell membrane by osmosis, diffusion and active transport.
Chap4 cellular transport 3
This document summarizes different types of cellular transport mechanisms. It describes passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis which move molecules from high to low concentration without energy expenditure. Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient. Bulk transport involves cells engulfing large particles or liquids through phagocytosis and pinocytosis respectively. The document also discusses how cells are affected by their surrounding environment, undergoing cytolysis in hypotonic solutions, plasmolysis in hypertonic solutions, and maintaining their shape in isotonic solutions.
OSMOSIS -BIPIN S
Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration in order to equalize the concentration of water molecules on both sides of the membrane. The movement occurs due to differences in solute concentration between solutions separated by the semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis plays a key role in transporting water into and out of cells and the response of cells to their external environment depends on whether the outside solution is hypo-tonic, iso-tonic, or hyper-tonic compared to the cell cytoplasm.
OSMOSIS- BIPIN.S
Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration in order to equalize the concentration of water molecules on both sides of the membrane. The movement occurs due to differences in solute concentration between solutions separated by the semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis plays a key role in transporting water into and out of cells and the response of cells to their environment depends on whether the surrounding solution is hypo-tonic, iso-tonic, or hyper-tonic compared to the cell.
Cell transport.ppt n
This document discusses key concepts about cell membranes and transport. It explains that cell membranes are semi-permeable and regulate movement of molecules in and out of cells. Small molecules can pass through via diffusion down their concentration gradient, while larger molecules require channel proteins. Water transport occurs via osmosis. The direction of osmosis depends on the solution concentrations inside and outside the cell. Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient.
Biology - Osmosis and Tonicity
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane down its concentration gradient. Water potential describes the concentration of water molecules, with higher potential meaning more dilute. Tonicity refers to a solution's ability to cause a cell to gain or lose water. Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell and burst as water enters. Isotonic solutions cause no volume change as concentrations are equal. Hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink and crenate as water exits. Animal cells are at risk of lysis from osmosis while plant cells have a cell wall and vacuoles to regulate internal pressure.
Osmosis-diffusion-Active_Transport.ppt
The document discusses cellular transport mechanisms including diffusion, osmosis, and active and passive transport. It explains that diffusion and osmosis are passive transport mechanisms where particles and water respectively move down their concentration gradients across selectively permeable membranes. Active transport requires energy and transports materials against their concentration gradients using carrier proteins. The document also predicts the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on cells, causing them to swell, shrink, or maintain normal shape respectively due to water movement by osmosis.
Osmosis-diffusion-Active_Transport.ppt
The document discusses cellular transport mechanisms including diffusion, osmosis, and active and passive transport. It explains that diffusion and osmosis are passive transport mechanisms where particles and water respectively move down their concentration gradients across selectively permeable membranes. Active transport requires energy and transports materials against their concentration gradients using carrier proteins. The effect of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on cells is predicted, with hypotonic solutions causing cells to swell and hypertonic solutions causing them to shrink through osmosis. Endocytosis and exocytosis are described as mechanisms for cellular uptake and release of large particles and materials.
CELL DRINKING, CELL EATING.ppt
Cell physiology involves the processes and functions that occur within cells. There are two main types of cell transport: passive transport which does not require energy and occurs down a concentration gradient, and active transport which uses energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient. Osmosis is a type of passive transport where water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower concentration.
Transport System of the Cell
This slide presentations contains about the transport system of the cell.
*selective permeability
*diffusion
*osmosis
*the cell environment
(isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solutions)
*active transport
*passive transport (facilitated diffusion)
Movement of Substances
The document discusses several types of movement of substances across membranes:
- Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient. Examples given include exchange of gases in lungs/leaves and between cells and fluid.
- Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane. It explains the direction of water movement in examples.
- Active transport is the active movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy. Examples given include mineral intake by roots and food absorption in small intestine.
- Surface area to volume ratio affects the rate of substance movement, with some cells modifying shape to increase
Cell membrane
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits cells. It is a double layer of lipids and embedded proteins. There are three main types of transport across the membrane - passive transport via diffusion and osmosis, and active transport which requires energy. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the membrane towards a higher solute concentration until equilibrium is reached. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient by using energy from ATP.
Cell biology lecture 6 oct 2021
This document summarizes plasma membrane structure and function, including the different mechanisms by which molecules move across the membrane. It discusses passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as facilitated transport and active transport which use carrier proteins. It also describes how cells are affected by isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions, and how large molecules cross the membrane via bulk transport methods like endocytosis and exocytosis.
Types of movement across the cell membrane
There are three main types of passive transport across cell membranes: osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration without requiring energy. Facilitated diffusion allows the passage of larger molecules across membranes through transport proteins.
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Chapter 3 Movement Of Substances
- 1. Movement in Substances Chapter 3
- 4. Examples of Diffusion Permeable to The molecule