Chapter 08
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The document discusses risk management concepts for incident safety officers (ISOs). It describes how ISOs must read risks at an incident and judge their acceptability based on community expectations, fire service standards, and department values and skills. It outlines three methods to develop situational awareness: the Brunacini approach, value-time-size thinking, and the ISO's own read-risk method of collecting information, analyzing hazards/opportunities, and judging risks. Firefighting involves risks rather than dangers if responders understand hazards and take steps to control them.
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• Explain prefire and postfire planning processes and describe how these activities will ensure safe, efficient, and effective fire fighting activities
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• Review and examine the basic components of the fire extinguishment process
• Review the five basic classifications of fire and explain the various types of agents used to extinguish or control fires in these five classifications
• Examine in detail the variety of agents used for fire extinguishment and explain the application methods for each of these agents
• Identify and explain the benefits of using the latest technological advances in fire extinguishing agents such as compressed air foam and ultrafine water mist systems
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• Explain the theories underlying combustion processes
• Describe how fire researchers have identified combustion processes using a variety of different classifications
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• Explain the causes of flame over, flashover, and backdraft and review the procedures to prevent and protect against such events
• Describe the various methods by which heat and unburned gases move in a confined environment
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Chapter 13
This document discusses property security, emergency response, and fire protection systems. It covers means of egress requirements, including the three parts of egress and requirements for exit stairway doors. It also describes delayed egress locks and access controlled doors. The document outlines emergency building entrance systems and different methods for emergency responders to access property through security gates and barriers, such as siren sensors, access keys, codes and radio signals. Maintaining means of egress and balancing security and emergency access is important.
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• Examine fire behavior and safety-related problems in transportation vehicles encountered by firefighters
• Describe fire problems and safety issues experienced with transportation vehicles and explain actions that may be taken to resolve the issues
• Examine and describe special fire behavior problems one might encounter with each of the classifications of transportation vehicles
• Explain the importance of fire preplanning and familiarization procedures for each of the categories of transportation vehicles
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• Describe the process of developing the fire fighting strategy and tactics involved in planning, locating, confining, extinguishing, and overhauling fires in buildings and other special fire situations
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1) The fire triangle/tetrahedron which depicts the relationship between fuel, heat, and oxygen/chemical chain reaction required for combustion.
2) The different classes of fire (A-K) and their corresponding extinguishing agents.
3) The five types of fires - diffusion, smoldering, spontaneous combustion, self-heating, and premixed flame.
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1. The document provides an overview of fire safety training, including definitions of fire, fire classifications, fire extinguishers, and emergency response procedures.
2. It details the principles of fire extinction through starvation, smothering, and cooling. Methods of fire spreading through conduction, radiation, and convection are also explained.
3. Proper firefighting techniques and safety procedures in the event of a fire are outlined, such as following the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher and RACE for fire emergency response.
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• Understand and explain why high-rise buildings present a difficult and different fire problem for firefighters, including the unique fire behavior problems that may be encountered in a high-rise fire
• Recognize the difference in construction methods of high-rise buildings and explain how different construction materials and designs impact fire behavior in these buildings
• Describe the fire fighting strategies and tactics used to locate, confine, and extinguish high-rise fires
• Describe the special problems that may be encountered on high-rise fires such as communications issues, the stack effect, ventilation concerns, evacuation issues, and elevator control
• Describe and explain the purpose of the special fire protection equipment which may be found in high-rise buildings
• Describe when a stairwell support system may be needed
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This document provides information about fire safety and fire extinguishers. It discusses what to do if a fire is discovered, including shouting "fire" and pulling the nearest fire alarm. It also explains how to call emergency services and report the fire. The document classifies fires into four classes (A, B, C, D) and describes the appropriate type of fire extinguisher to use for each class. It highlights the importance of maintenance and inspections to keep fire extinguishers in a state of readiness. The document concludes by explaining how to identify the class of fire an extinguisher is rated for using the label and color-coding.
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This document discusses various public and private support organizations that assist the fire service. It identifies national and international organizations like the American Red Cross, NFPA, and IAFC. It also describes federal organizations such as FEMA, NIOSH, and OSHA. State organizations discussed include offices of the state fire marshal and state forestry departments. Local support organizations mentioned are police, EMS, and community groups. The purpose of these organizations is to provide resources, training, legislation assistance, and support to firefighters.
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The document discusses the role and responsibilities of the Incident Safety Officer (ISO) at structure fires. It outlines that the ISO should monitor risk levels and operational effectiveness, ensure an effective PAR is conducted, define control zones, determine needs for additional assistance, and apply the ISO Action Model. This includes evaluating rescue profile, environmental reconnaissance considering principal hazards and physical surroundings, crew exposure, resources like time and personnel, and providing safety briefings. Unique considerations for structures like those with central hallways, strip malls, and high-rises are also covered.
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The document discusses systematic approaches for incident safety officers (ISOs) to carry out their duties. It describes two common approaches: checklists and action models. The ISO Action Model is presented as a cyclic four-component model focusing on resources, risk, reconnaissance, and reporting. The duties of an ISO include monitoring the incident for risks, addressing personnel safety systems, and defining other needs like traffic control or requesting additional safety officers. Upon arrival, an ISO's first steps are to confirm their assignment, gather information, ensure communication links, and don proper protective equipment and identification.
Novec
The document discusses Novec 1230 fluid and FM-200, clean agent fire suppression systems. It notes that clean agent systems are increasingly necessary to protect critical electronics from fire damage. It provides information on Novec 1230 fluid and FM-200, their environmental and safety benefits over other agents, their applications in places like data centers, and Gielle's engineered systems that use these agents.
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This document defines smoke and describes the four key attributes of smoke - volume, velocity, density, and color. It explains that reading these attributes can help firefighters understand fire behavior and look for warning signs of hostile fire events like flashover. Other factors like weather, container size, and firefighting efforts can influence smoke attributes. The three-step process for reading smoke involves viewing and comparing the attributes, analyzing contributing factors, and determining the rate of change in attributes.
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Emergency planning for events
The document discusses emergency planning for events. It explains that event organizers should identify potential hazards through a risk assessment and plan emergency procedures. The emergency plan should be proportionate to the risks and address initial response, incident management, and business continuity. It also discusses how different agencies like the police and fire department can work together under a joint emergency response plan through a control room. The plan should include procedures for raising alarms, evacuating crowds in a safe and organized manner, and communicating with staff and emergency services.
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The document discusses the role of the incident safety officer (ISO) within an incident command system. It describes methods for the ISO to trigger safe behaviors, such as using high-visibility vests and soft interventions. Common "traps" that can undermine the ISO's effectiveness are discussed, such as focusing too much on personal protective equipment or helping operational crews. The ISO must work within the authority of the incident commander and communicate solutions rather than just identifying problems. As incidents increase in size and complexity, the ISO's functions may expand through requesting additional safety officers or creating a safety section within the command structure.
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The document discusses the role of the incident safety officer (ISO) within an incident command system. It describes methods for the ISO to trigger safe behaviors, such as using high-visibility vests and soft interventions. Common "traps" that can undermine the ISO's effectiveness are discussed, such as focusing too much on personal protective equipment or helping operational crews. The ISO must work within the authority of the incident commander and communicate solutions rather than just identifying problems. As incidents increase in size and complexity, the ISO's functions may expand through requesting additional safety officers or creating a safety section within the command structure.
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Risk Managment and Insurance all chapters.pptx
THE HIDDEN POWER OF
UNIVERSAL LAWS
Contents
Introduction 2
Chapter - 1 3
The Law of Attraction 3
Chapter 2 4
Your Thoughts Control You 4
Chapter 3 5
Visualize Your Thoughts 5
Chapter 4 5
The Law of Vibration 5
Chapter 5 5
Chapter 6 5
Understanding Karma 5
Chapter 7 6
Chapter 8 7
The Law of Love 7
Chapter 9 7
The Law of Allowing 7
Chapter 10 7
Summary 7
Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow
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Chapter 14
The document discusses emerging fire protection technologies including building information modeling platforms that allow data sharing, computer fire modeling to understand fire spread, and performance-based design approaches. New detection methods like video cameras and gas/particulate analysis are presented. Mass notification, multipurpose piping systems, variable speed fire pumps, compressed air foam systems, and aerosol suppression systems are emerging technologies aimed to improve fire detection, control, and suppression.
Chapter 12
Smoke control and management systems aim to contain smoke and toxic gases to the area of origin using three main methods: containment, exhaust, and opposed airflow. Key goals are to prevent smoke from spreading and to maintain tenable conditions for evacuation. Systems often integrate with fire protection, HVAC, and other building systems. Proper design, installation, and regular acceptance testing are important to ensure effective operation.
Chapter 11
Portable fire extinguishers are intended to quickly suppress small fires. They contain a fixed amount of suppression agent and require trained operators for effective use. Three common types are pumped, stored pressure, and cartridge pressure extinguishers, which use different mechanisms to expel agents matched to specific fire classes, such as water, foam, dry chemicals, or carbon dioxide. Regular inspection, maintenance, and hydrostatic testing are necessary to ensure extinguishers are in proper working order.
Chapter 09
Wet and dry chemical fire extinguishing systems provide alternatives to water-based systems. Wet systems use water-based proprietary agents while dry systems use pressurized gas to distribute solid particle agents. Both systems undergo acceptance testing upon installation and periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance is required to ensure proper operation. Major components include agent storage containers, expelling gas cartridges, piping and fittings, nozzles, and activation devices.
Chapter 08
There are different types of fire alarm and detection systems based on factors like occupancy, building characteristics, and technology. Modern systems use addressable technology and intelligent software while older systems relied on conventional technology. Fire alarm systems are classified by NFPA 72 based on how they operate, monitor signals, and report events. Proper installation, inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure reliability and prevent false alarms.
Chapter 07
Fire alarm systems serve several important functions: notifying occupants of fire conditions, notifying first responders, signaling other onsite and offsite locations, signaling other building systems, and providing information to first responders. They are comprised of various components like control panels, power sources, initiating devices, and notification appliances. Initiating devices can be manual pull stations or automatic detectors like heat, smoke, and gas detectors. Notification appliances produce audible alarms through devices like horns, speakers, or bells and visible alarms through flashing lights or strobes. Different types of alarm signals include fire alarms, supervisory signals for other system issues, and trouble signals for problems in the system.
Chapter 06
This document discusses specialized water-based fire protection systems as alternatives to standard sprinkler systems. It describes fixed foam, water spray, foam-water, and water mist systems, noting their components, applications, and inspection requirements. These systems provide targeted protection for hazards where sprinklers would be inadequate, such as flammable liquid storage, using methods like foam application or ultra-fine water mist. Proper design, installation, and maintenance are needed to ensure effective performance.
Chapter 05
This document summarizes different types of automatic fire sprinkler systems. It describes wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems, explaining their components, design concepts, and applications. The document emphasizes that sprinkler systems are effective for both property protection and life safety when fires occur. Regular inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure systems function properly.
Chapter 04
Standpipe and hose systems are required in buildings based on height, area, occupancy, and hazards. NFPA 14 establishes standards for standpipe classifications, types, components, and testing. Regular inspection and testing is essential to ensure standpipe systems will operate properly in an emergency.
Chapter 03
The document discusses water supply systems for fire protection. It describes the components of source/supply networks like water sources, intake, pumping and distribution networks including storage, mains and laterals. It also discusses the difference between public municipal systems and private systems, and types of supply systems like gravity, pumped and combined. It covers factors like pressure, flow and duration that impact water-based fire protection.
Chapter 02
Building and fire codes provide uniform standards to maintain public safety. Model codes, such as those developed by the ICC and NFPA, are adopted by governments and provide minimum requirements. These codes reference other standards and may be amended. The model code development process involves public participation and consensus to establish requirements for fire protection systems based on occupancy hazards and risks.
Chapter 10
This document describes different types of gaseous fire extinguishing systems including carbon dioxide, halons, and clean agents. Carbon dioxide works by displacing oxygen and forming a fog-like cloud to extinguish fires. Halons break down the chemical reaction of fire and were commonly used but are no longer manufactured due to environmental concerns. Clean agents like inert gases are environmentally safe alternatives to halons that effectively extinguish Class A, B, and C fires without leaving residues. All gaseous systems require regular inspection, testing and maintenance to ensure proper operation.
Chapter 13
The document discusses several key aspects of public financial management and budgeting for fire prevention programs. It describes the purpose of public budgets as supplying information to elected officials and the public about government programs and establishing spending policies. It distinguishes between operating budgets, which fund day-to-day expenses, and capital budgets, which fund long-term projects. It also discusses different budget formats, the importance of developing fee structures based on recovery of costs for specific services, and having financial management processes in place to ensure accountability.
Chapter 12
This document discusses personnel considerations for fire prevention bureaus. It notes that bureaus are often made up of a combination of uniformed firefighters and civilian specialists. Uniformed staff bring fire service experience while civilians have specific skills and education. The document emphasizes that training and certification are critical for all positions, and it outlines various national standards and certifying organizations. Retention of qualified staff is also highlighted as important for an effective fire prevention program.
Chapter 11
Fire prevention records generated by government agencies are considered public records and subject to freedom of information laws. These records must be retained according to state-mandated schedules and are generally stored using an information management system. When developing an electronic records system, fire bureaus must carefully consider their operational needs, legal requirements, and ensure the system can integrate with standard procedures. Proper planning and implementation of a records system is crucial to the effective functioning of a fire prevention program.
Chapter 10
This document discusses the importance of public fire safety education and planning effective education programs. It outlines key aspects of developing programs including using local fire statistics to identify target audiences, designing messages tailored to those audiences, implementing programs, and evaluating their effectiveness in changing behaviors. The document also highlights the role of the media, schools, and public hearings in disseminating fire safety messages to various groups.
Chapter 8
Fire prevention bureaus have taken on additional functions beyond traditional fire prevention due to their relevant expertise in areas like construction, hazardous materials, and emergency response. These expanded roles can benefit public safety but also risk distracting from the core mission of fire prevention. Key expanded roles discussed include construction code enforcement, property maintenance inspections, investigating hazardous waste and vacant building issues, and assisting with homeland security and civil defense.
Chapter 7
This document discusses the importance of testing fire protection systems to ensure reliability. It describes how unreliable systems can negatively impact public safety and businesses. The document emphasizes that proper design, equipment, installation, and maintenance are necessary for reliability. It also explains that acceptance tests after installation, along with regular inspections and retests, are required by fire codes to maintain system integrity over time.
Chapter 6
The document discusses the importance and objectives of fire inspections. It notes that the level of acceptable risk is constantly evolving and that inspection programs have been proven effective in reducing fire incidence by around 50%. The purpose of inspections is to ensure life safety and compliance with fire codes. Jurisdictions must establish priorities for inspections based on risks associated with occupancy classes and permits required by fire codes. Inspections of existing and new buildings are necessary to identify hazards and ensure safety.
Chapter 5
The document discusses the importance of fire departments reviewing construction plans before construction begins. It outlines the key reasons for plan review, including verifying compliance with fire codes to prevent tragic incidents. The summary lists some of the main items fire departments typically review in site and building plans such as fire department vehicle access, fire protection systems, means of egress, and construction type and location. The benefits of fire department involvement in the review process for both public safety and the business community are also highlighted.
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永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Chapter 08
- 1. Chapter 8 Reading Risk
- 5. Figure 8-1 Firefighters make choices about the dangers they face; that is risk-taking. (Photo by Keith Muratori.)
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