The document provides an introduction to firefighting, outlining the goals of life safety, property protection, and protecting operations. It then details how to prevent fires through checklists and inspections, how to use different classes of fire extinguishers appropriately, and what to do in the event of a fire, including how to evacuate a burning building safely. The document aims to educate on fundamental firefighting knowledge and emergency response.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
FIREFIGHTING
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2. What will you learn From this program
Life Safety
The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect
building occupants from injury and to prevent
loss of life.
Property Protection
The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent
property damage.
Protection of Operations
By preventing fires and limiting damage we can
assure that work operations will continue.
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3. What will you learn From this program
a. How can you prevent Fire accidents?
b. How can you develop fire prevention checklists?
c. How can you inspect and update your fire fighting appliances?
d. How can you use Fire fighting appliances?
e. What will you do in case of fire accidents?
f. How can you develop fire emergency plan?
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4. Pakistan Petroleum Limited
What is a Fire
Fire is a chain of chemical reaction involving rapid
oxidation or burning of a fuel, which produce smoke,
heat and flame.
•Fuel
•Oxygen
•Temperature
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5. CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
Chain Reaction
BURNING MATERIAL + TEMPERATURE + OXYGEN + CHAIN REACTION
=FIRE 5

6. Classifications according to burning materials
• Class A - Ordinary combustibles
• Class B - Flammable liquids Fires
• Class C – Class Gas Fires
• Class D - Metal Fires
• Class E – Electric & Machinery Fires
• Class F – Kitchen Fires
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1a

7. How to extinguish fire?
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8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. How Fire Expands?
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12. 12

13. CONVECTION
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14. RADIATION
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15. CAUSES OF FIRE
AND
FIRE PREVENTION
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16. COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE ACCIDENT
 Smoking
 Electric short circuiting
 Over heating of electric appliances.
 Over heating of engine or machine.
 Over heating of oil.
 Heater or coal burner
 Matches
 Spark of oven
 Sprit lamp
 Self created fire
 Friction or resistance
 High temperature in summer season 16

17. Special Causes of Fire
• Dust Explosion
• Gas and Vapor Explosion
• Chemical Reactions
• Seasonal Changes
• Lightening
• Etc.
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18. Basic Principles of Fire Prevention
• Prevention of the starting of fire.
• Prevention of the spreading of fire.
• Prevention of water damage.
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19. Prevention of Starting of Fire
• The premises, machines and house-hold
articles to be kept neat and clean.
• Sufficient space in between the buildings.
• Proper Storage (in godowns)
• Careful about fire works.
• Periodic inspection of electrical wiring.
• No Smoking notices.
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20. Prevention of Spreading of Fire
• Firefighting Training for all.
• First Aid Firefighting Equipment.
• Provision of adequate water supply.
• Removal of combustible material from room
and attics.
• Fire Receptivity.
• Efficient Firefighting Service.
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21. Prevention of Water Damage.
• It is job of the professional firefighters to see
that less water damage is caused while
fighting a fire.
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22. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
AN INSTRUMENT USED
TO EXTINGUISH THE
FIRE IS KNOWN AS
FIRE EXTINGUISHER.
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23. Standards for portable fire extinguishers
• OSHA-29 CFR 1910.157 - Portable Fire
Extinguishers.
• NFPA-10
• Civil Defense Of Pakistan
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24. WATER FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
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25. Common Fire Extinguishing Agents
Water
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Removes heat Conducts electricity
Effective on Class A fires May spread Class B fires
Inexpensive Freezes in cold climates
Plentiful May carry pollutants as
run-off water
Non-toxic
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26. FOAM FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
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27. DCP FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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28. 28

29. Common Fire Extinguishing Agents
Dry Chemical
Advantage: Disadvantage:
• Interrupts chemical • Leaves a residue
reactions • Obscures vision
• Sodium bicarbonate • Not good on deep-seated
(baking soda) fires
• Very effective on Class B • Nozzle pressure may cause
and C fires burning liquids to splash
• Not considered toxic
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30. Common Fire Extinguishing Agents
Multipurpose Dry Chemical
Advantages: • Disadvantages:
• Obscures vision
• Interrupts chemical
• More irritating than
reactions ordinary dry chemical
• Ammonium phosphate • Nozzle pressure may
• Effective on Class A, B, and cause
C fires • burning liquids to splash
• Non-conductive Create a layer on
components
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31. CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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32. Common Fire Extinguishing Agents
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Advantage: Disadvantage:
• Generally >35%
• Reduces oxygen to less
concentration needed
than 15%. • Toxic to humans at >4%
• Effective on Class B and C by volume
fires. • Not the best agent for
• No residue. smoldering fires
• Dissipates rapidly - allows
• Relatively inert.
reflash
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33. HALONTRON FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
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34. FIRE EXTINGUISHER SLECTION
Type Of Fire Class Class B Class C Class K
A
Extinguisher
Water Type Yes No No No
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) No Yes Yes Yes
Dry Chemical Powder- BC No Yes Yes Yes
Multipurpose Dry Chemical Powder ABC Yes Yes Yes Yes
Halon/ Halotron Yes Yes Yes Yes
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35. Appropriate use of extinguishers
• You can fight the fire with your back toward
an escape route
• The extinguisher matches the fire type
• The extinguisher works effectively
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2b

36. Appropriate use of extinguishers
• You are properly trained in the use of
the extinguisher
• You are confident you can put the
fire out
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2c

37. Appropriate use of extinguishers
• The fire is large and has grown beyond its
original confined space
• Your escape path is threatened
• You are not sure if you have the correct type
of fire extinguisher
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3a

38. Personal hazards
• Smoke and noxious fumes
• Smoke and fumes cause unconsciousness
• Death may result
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4a

39. How to inspect your fire extinguisher.
Access
Working pressure
Hose
Safety Pin
Refilling Date
Expiry Date
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40. PASS method of fighting fires
Hold the extinguisher upright
• Pull the pin
• Aim at the base of the fire
• Squeeze the handle
• Sweep the base of the fire
• Do not aim high at the flames
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5a

41. Fire Hydrant System
• OSHA- 29 CFR 1910.158 - Stand pipe and hose
systems
• NFPA-25
• IAP Standards
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42. Fire Fighter Kit
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43. When not to fight a fire?
Never fight a fire:
• If the fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started
• If you can't fight the fire with your back to an escape exit
• If the fire can block your only escape
• If you don't have adequate fire-fighting equipment
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44. How to create an Emergency Action
Plan?
• Objective
• Information and communication
• Evacuation
• Emergency Equipment
• workstations of the disabled workers
• Emergency Action Leaders and Teams
• Emergency Action Plan Locations
• Training and Drills
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45. How to evacuate a burning
•
building?
should not lock the door, just close it
• Proceed to the exit.
• NEVER, NEVER use elevators.
• Stay low, crawl if necessary.
Assembly Point # 1
• Once in the stairwell, Never go up.
• Report to a predetermined area.
• when the evacuation alarm sounds,
“EVERYONE MUST LEAVE THE BUILDING”
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46. What to do if trapped in a burning building?
• Never open a closed door without feeling it first
• If the door is hot, try another exit
• use wet towels to seal the space under the door and
prevent the entry of smoke
• If trapped, look for a nearby phone and call the fire
department
• If on an upper floor and your window is of a type that
CANNOT be opened, DON'T break it out- you'll be raining
glass down on rescuers and people exiting the building
• If you can't contact the fire department by phone, wave for
attention at the window. Don't panic.
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47. Pakistan Petroleum Limited
Learn Not To Burn
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48. What to do if someone catches
fire?
If a co-worker catches on fire, smother flames
by grabbing a blanket or rug and wrapping
them up in it. That could save them from
serious burns or even death.
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49. What to do if you catch a fire?
If you should catch on fire:
STOP - where you are
DROP - to the floor
ROLL - around on the floor
This will smother the flames, possibly saving
your life.
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50. Rescue
• Fire Man Crawl
• Fire Man lift
• Jumping from low window
• Jumping from high window
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