Ch12 ppt
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The document discusses building collapse as the greatest threat to firefighters on the fireground. It identifies different types of building collapses and minimum competencies firefighters should have to operate safely. The document also summarizes the collapse of the World Trade Center towers on 9/11, which were caused by structural damage from plane impacts and weakening of core columns from fires.
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Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
1. Heavy timber construction descended from mill construction but remodelings have reduced original fire safety characteristics.
2. Proponents claim heavy timber buildings are "slow burning" but this is only true if fire departments can maintain interior attacks.
3. Full sprinkler protection is needed to prevent disasters in heavy timber buildings as renovations may have introduced combustible materials.
Ch 8 Ordinary Construction
The document discusses the characteristics and hazards of ordinary construction, which commonly uses masonry exterior walls and combustible interior walls and floors. Specific issues addressed include structural instability of masonry walls; void spaces that can accumulate combustible gases; interior structural elements like wood beams that can compromise wall stability; and roof types that often have little fire resistance and are susceptible to early failure. The document provides details on identifying signs of instability and planning firefighting tactics for ordinary construction buildings.
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
This document discusses the materials, regulations, and processes involved in building construction, renovation, and demolition. It identifies key regulations like building codes and various construction professionals. It also describes hazards firefighters may face like welding, debris, and altered fire protection during construction, renovation, or demolition work. Finally, it outlines the characteristics and fire behavior of common building materials like wood, masonry, concrete, metals, glass, and synthetic materials.
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This document discusses various aspects of fire protection and building construction, including:
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2) Terminology related to fire resistance of materials.
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The document discusses noncombustible and fire-resistant steel construction. It describes how steel has little inherent fire resistance but can be made fire-resistant through insulation or sprinklers. It also outlines several hazards like the elongation of unprotected steel in a fire, the transmission of heat through steel members, and the risks of concentrated combustible fire loads in unprotected steel buildings.
Ch 06 Wood Frame Construction
The document discusses six types of wood frame structures classified as Type V construction. It describes balloon frame and platform frame construction, noting that fire can spread more easily through interconnected spaces in balloon frame buildings. Trusses and other engineered wood products can pose challenges for fire protection due to concealed spaces. While wood cannot be made noncombustible, the document states that complete automatic sprinkler protection is needed to adequately deal with wood's combustibility.
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Ch 07 Heavy Timber and Mill Construction
1. Heavy timber construction descended from mill construction but remodelings have reduced original fire safety characteristics.
2. Proponents claim heavy timber buildings are "slow burning" but this is only true if fire departments can maintain interior attacks.
3. Full sprinkler protection is needed to prevent disasters in heavy timber buildings as renovations may have introduced combustible materials.
Ch 8 Ordinary Construction
The document discusses the characteristics and hazards of ordinary construction, which commonly uses masonry exterior walls and combustible interior walls and floors. Specific issues addressed include structural instability of masonry walls; void spaces that can accumulate combustible gases; interior structural elements like wood beams that can compromise wall stability; and roof types that often have little fire resistance and are susceptible to early failure. The document provides details on identifying signs of instability and planning firefighting tactics for ordinary construction buildings.
Ch 03 Methods and Materials of Construction, Renovation, and Demolition
This document discusses the materials, regulations, and processes involved in building construction, renovation, and demolition. It identifies key regulations like building codes and various construction professionals. It also describes hazards firefighters may face like welding, debris, and altered fire protection during construction, renovation, or demolition work. Finally, it outlines the characteristics and fire behavior of common building materials like wood, masonry, concrete, metals, glass, and synthetic materials.
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This document discusses various aspects of fire protection and building construction, including:
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2) Terminology related to fire resistance of materials.
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5) The importance of preventing rapid fire growth through limiting combustible materials.
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This document summarizes occupancy-specific hazards and building code requirements for several types of occupancies including apartment buildings, townhouses, churches, and buildings with atriums. Key details covered include fire barriers, firewalls, penetrations, plumbing layouts, egress challenges, and sprinkler requirements. Hazards are identified relating to attic spaces, balconies, peaked roofs, and combustible construction materials used in older structures.
Ch 9 Noncombustible Construction
The document discusses noncombustible and fire-resistant steel construction. It describes how steel has little inherent fire resistance but can be made fire-resistant through insulation or sprinklers. It also outlines several hazards like the elongation of unprotected steel in a fire, the transmission of heat through steel members, and the risks of concentrated combustible fire loads in unprotected steel buildings.
Ch 06 Wood Frame Construction
The document discusses six types of wood frame structures classified as Type V construction. It describes balloon frame and platform frame construction, noting that fire can spread more easily through interconnected spaces in balloon frame buildings. Trusses and other engineered wood products can pose challenges for fire protection due to concealed spaces. While wood cannot be made noncombustible, the document states that complete automatic sprinkler protection is needed to adequately deal with wood's combustibility.
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This document provides an overview of building and fire codes, including their history, purpose, and key aspects. Building codes regulate construction and focus on safety aspects like egress, fire protection systems, and interior finishes. Fire codes regulate building use and apply to existing structures. Both are updated regularly and rely on standards from groups like ICC, NFPA, and ASTM. Codes address occupancy types, area and height limits, special hazards, disabled access, and fire protection features.
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The document discusses the major types of building construction and associated fire hazards. There are five main types of construction: Type I (fire resistive), Type II (non-combustible), Type III (ordinary), Type IV (heavy timber), and Type V (wood frame). Each type uses different materials for structural members and has varying fire resistance ratings. Firefighters must understand the characteristics of each type to make safe decisions, as different construction types can pose hazards like concealed fires, structural instability, or massive fuel loads. A basic knowledge of building construction helps firefighters assess risk and respond appropriately.
Type iv building construction FINAL
Type IV or heavy timber construction uses large dimensional lumber for structural elements like walls, floors, and roofs to provide fire resistance. It was commonly used in the late 19th/early 20th century for industrial and commercial buildings. Key features include wood columns no less than 8 inches thick, wood girders at least 6 inches thick, and floor/roof planks at least 2 inches thick. Interior walls are also fire-resistant. This construction type is beneficial as it is stable during early-stage fires and the large timber sizes allow it to burn longer before collapse compared to other materials like steel.
Type iv building construction
Type IV or heavy timber construction uses large dimensional lumber for structural elements like columns, beams, floors and roofs to provide fire resistance. It was commonly used in the late 19th/early 20th century for industrial and commercial buildings. Key features include wood columns no less than 8 inches thick, plank floors at least 3 inches thick, and roof structures made of heavy timber. Fire resistance comes from limiting combustible materials and using thick wood that can withstand fire for extended periods before collapsing.
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This document discusses the impact of fire on building construction. It covers various building materials like wood, masonry, metal, concrete, gypsum and others, and how each is affected by heat. It also addresses construction classifications, occupancy types, and basic components of buildings like foundations, floors, walls, roofs, doors and windows. The document emphasizes that understanding building construction is essential for firefighter safety and effectively fighting fires.
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Sheet No - 28 - Details (11) - Structural Glazing Sloped @ Pharmacy
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• Describe and explain how other countries approach the control of fires and compare and contrast their approach with U.S. efforts
• Describe new technologies and systems the fire service has implemented in recent years
• Describe the fire service of today, its successes, its problems, and its efforts toward improvement
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La madre de un niño de 6 años con leucemia terminal le pregunta a su hijo Billy sobre su sueño de ser cuando creciera. Billy responde que siempre quiso ser bombero. La madre visita la estación de bomberos local para pedir que cumplan el sueño de su hijo. Los bomberos acceden y nombran a Billy bombero honorario por un día, dándole un uniforme y dejándolo acompañarlos a llamadas. Esto motiva a Billy a vivir tres meses más de lo esperado. Cuando Billy está muriendo, los bomberos llegan al hospital en
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2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards like NFPA 1500 which specify requirements for safety programs, protective equipment, emergency operations and more.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations which require employers to provide a safe workplace and comply with safety standards, though OSHA has no jurisdiction over public sector firefighters.
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Psicología de la emergencia (antes durante y despues) Sergio Yepez Santiago
Psicología de la emergencia (antes durante y despues) Sergio Yepez Santiago
Chapter 05- Foundations of Firefighting Tactics and Strategies
Chapter 05- Foundations of Firefighting Tactics and Strategies
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fire and saftyPublic review draft
This document provides a draft of guidelines for designing fire safety in very tall buildings produced by the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) Task Group. It discusses the history of tall building fires that contributed to the development of high-rise fire safety provisions, outlines international practices, and identifies goals and unique features of tall buildings that should be considered in fire safety design. The guidelines cover topics like hazard analysis, building systems integration, emergency egress, fire resistance, suppression, detection, and issues for first responders.
Disaster Management for Cooling Tower- Case Study.
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Design of blast resistance structures
This document discusses the design of blast resistant structures. It outlines the need for such structures due to increasing terrorist attacks. It describes different types of blasts and principles of blast resistance. Some preventive measures discussed are providing sufficient stand-off distance, designing structures to sustain blast damage without progressive collapse, and minimizing glass shards. Specific structural design solutions covered are use of arches and domes, robust beam-column connections, wrapping columns, and designing glazing and cladding to be blast resistant. The conclusion states that while protecting from all attacks isn't possible, performance can be improved through an appropriate design process.
Design of Blast resistance structures
This document discusses the design of blast resistant structures. It covers the need for blast resistant design due to increasing terrorist attacks. It describes different types of blasts and the principles of blast resistant design, which aim to sustain damage and prevent progressive collapse. The effects of blasts on structures are explained, along with preventive measures that can be taken in planning, construction, and materials used. Specific structural elements like beams, columns, floors and their connections are discussed. The document concludes that while withstanding any attack is impractical, performance of structures can be improved to resist external explosions.
IRJET- Optimization of Tall Structures Under Constraints of Wind Loads and Fi...
This document discusses optimization of tall structures under wind loads and fire safety constraints using STAAD Pro software. It first provides background on challenges of high-rise buildings like lateral displacement due to wind and structural vulnerability to fires. It then outlines the methodology, which includes a qualitative analysis of innovative fire-resistant strategies and a quantitative comparison of structural geometries under wind loads using STAAD Pro. Key findings are that outrigger and belt truss systems are most efficient for tall buildings over 150m, while shear wall bracing is suitable for moderately tall buildings from 100-150m.
USA building code changes resulting from 9/11 attacks
The document summarizes recommendations for changes to US building codes resulting from structural failures observed during the 9/11 attacks. The key recommendations include: (1) Reducing progressive collapse and increasing structural integrity and robustness, (2) Improving fire protection design, resistance, and active protection systems, and (3) Enhancing egress/ingress capabilities including evacuation above the 10th floor and hardened elevators for first responders. Seventeen code modifications were made by the ICC related to fire/evacuation elevators, wider stairs, and structural definitions.
BLAST RESISTANT STRUCTURES
This document discusses blast resistant structures and provides information on:
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- Principles of blast resistant design include maintaining stand-off zones, sustaining bomb damage without progressive collapse, and minimizing broken glass and debris.
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Chapter 12
This document outlines learning objectives related to fighting fires in high-rise buildings. It discusses challenges like limited stair access, elevator usage risks, and how height affects fire and smoke movement. Key points covered include defining a high-rise, lobby control responsibilities, elevator recall, stairway support, life safety searches, and partial evacuations. Extinguishment tactics above aerial reach are also addressed. The objectives focus on strategies and safety considerations for operating in high-rise fires.
1810 Ch 6 PowerPoint.pptx
This document discusses building collapse and scene safety. It covers indicators of building collapse like fire conditions, construction type, exterior wall issues, and water usage. It describes different types of wall and floor collapses. Searching collapsed buildings requires coordination and assessing utilities, locating victims on the surface or trapped, and dealing with shifting debris. The role of the Safety Officer is to monitor risks and ensure firefighter safety during high risk responses like building collapses through protective equipment, evacuation signals, and risk analysis. Health risks to firefighters include cancer, diseases, and chemical exposures which safety policies aim to address.
Fireprotection 170419080622
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Fire protection
Muhammed Aslem Nazar presents a document on fire protection in buildings. The document covers several topics:
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This document summarizes common residential construction hazards and accidents from 2010. It outlines new OSHA directives on fall protection in residential construction that require conventional fall protection or a written fall protection plan proving its infeasibility. Common hazards discussed include falls, electrocutions, being struck by objects, trench collapses, and burns. Prevention strategies are provided for these and other issues like ladders, scaffolds, aerial lifts, and power lines. Resources for further information are also listed.
monolithic dome structures
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This document discusses structural fire safety in modern buildings. It provides a brief history of fire resistance testing and standards, noting that the concept was developed over 100 years ago in response to large fires. It then discusses emerging trends in modern building design, including taller timber buildings and structures with unusual features that may be sensitive to fire. The document advocates for a performance-based approach to structural fire engineering rather than solely relying on prescriptive standards. It summarizes a case study of a mixed-use building with an unusual structural frame where structural fire engineering was used at the design phase to explicitly define fire safety goals and model structural response to fires.
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Keene State College Presentation Sept 12
Presentation by Kevin R Ryan for The Monadnock Truth Alliance, at Keene State College, Keene, NH, September 12th, 2009
Fire regulations for buildings
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blast resistant structures
This document discusses the design of blast resistant structures. It covers types of blasts, principles of blast resistant design such as maintaining safe stand-off zones and minimizing debris, and guidelines for analysis including redundancy and ductile structure elements. It also describes procedures for analysis using pressure-impulse diagrams and finite element methods. Acceptable damage levels from minor to major are defined. The key differences between blast and seismic loads are outlined, and it is concluded that while withstanding any attack is impractical, performance can be improved through appropriate design processes.
Case study
The document summarizes a case study on the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York City on September 11, 2001. It provides an overview of the location and damage details, describing how two planes crashed into the North and South towers. It then describes the construction of the towers as a steel perimeter frame with central core columns and concrete slabs. Finally, it explains how the plane crashes ignited massive fires that spread through the towers and ultimately caused their collapse within 102 and 56 minutes, respectively.
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Chapter 13
This document discusses property security, emergency response, and fire protection systems. It covers means of egress requirements, including the three parts of egress and requirements for exit stairway doors. It also describes delayed egress locks and access controlled doors. The document outlines emergency building entrance systems and different methods for emergency responders to access property through security gates and barriers, such as siren sensors, access keys, codes and radio signals. Maintaining means of egress and balancing security and emergency access is important.
Chapter 12
Smoke control and management systems aim to contain smoke and toxic gases to the area of origin using three main methods: containment, exhaust, and opposed airflow. Key goals are to prevent smoke from spreading and to maintain tenable conditions for evacuation. Systems often integrate with fire protection, HVAC, and other building systems. Proper design, installation, and regular acceptance testing are important to ensure effective operation.
Chapter 11
Portable fire extinguishers are intended to quickly suppress small fires. They contain a fixed amount of suppression agent and require trained operators for effective use. Three common types are pumped, stored pressure, and cartridge pressure extinguishers, which use different mechanisms to expel agents matched to specific fire classes, such as water, foam, dry chemicals, or carbon dioxide. Regular inspection, maintenance, and hydrostatic testing are necessary to ensure extinguishers are in proper working order.
Chapter 09
Wet and dry chemical fire extinguishing systems provide alternatives to water-based systems. Wet systems use water-based proprietary agents while dry systems use pressurized gas to distribute solid particle agents. Both systems undergo acceptance testing upon installation and periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance is required to ensure proper operation. Major components include agent storage containers, expelling gas cartridges, piping and fittings, nozzles, and activation devices.
Chapter 08
There are different types of fire alarm and detection systems based on factors like occupancy, building characteristics, and technology. Modern systems use addressable technology and intelligent software while older systems relied on conventional technology. Fire alarm systems are classified by NFPA 72 based on how they operate, monitor signals, and report events. Proper installation, inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure reliability and prevent false alarms.
Chapter 07
Fire alarm systems serve several important functions: notifying occupants of fire conditions, notifying first responders, signaling other onsite and offsite locations, signaling other building systems, and providing information to first responders. They are comprised of various components like control panels, power sources, initiating devices, and notification appliances. Initiating devices can be manual pull stations or automatic detectors like heat, smoke, and gas detectors. Notification appliances produce audible alarms through devices like horns, speakers, or bells and visible alarms through flashing lights or strobes. Different types of alarm signals include fire alarms, supervisory signals for other system issues, and trouble signals for problems in the system.
Chapter 06
This document discusses specialized water-based fire protection systems as alternatives to standard sprinkler systems. It describes fixed foam, water spray, foam-water, and water mist systems, noting their components, applications, and inspection requirements. These systems provide targeted protection for hazards where sprinklers would be inadequate, such as flammable liquid storage, using methods like foam application or ultra-fine water mist. Proper design, installation, and maintenance are needed to ensure effective performance.
Chapter 05
This document summarizes different types of automatic fire sprinkler systems. It describes wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems, explaining their components, design concepts, and applications. The document emphasizes that sprinkler systems are effective for both property protection and life safety when fires occur. Regular inspection, testing and maintenance are required to ensure systems function properly.
Chapter 04
Standpipe and hose systems are required in buildings based on height, area, occupancy, and hazards. NFPA 14 establishes standards for standpipe classifications, types, components, and testing. Regular inspection and testing is essential to ensure standpipe systems will operate properly in an emergency.
Chapter 03
The document discusses water supply systems for fire protection. It describes the components of source/supply networks like water sources, intake, pumping and distribution networks including storage, mains and laterals. It also discusses the difference between public municipal systems and private systems, and types of supply systems like gravity, pumped and combined. It covers factors like pressure, flow and duration that impact water-based fire protection.
Chapter 02
Building and fire codes provide uniform standards to maintain public safety. Model codes, such as those developed by the ICC and NFPA, are adopted by governments and provide minimum requirements. These codes reference other standards and may be amended. The model code development process involves public participation and consensus to establish requirements for fire protection systems based on occupancy hazards and risks.
Chapter 01
The document discusses the basics of fire behavior including:
1) The fire triangle/tetrahedron which depicts the relationship between fuel, heat, and oxygen/chemical chain reaction required for combustion.
2) The different classes of fire (A-K) and their corresponding extinguishing agents.
3) The five types of fires - diffusion, smoldering, spontaneous combustion, self-heating, and premixed flame.
4) The five stages of fire - pre-ignition, ignition, growth, fully developed, and decay.
Chapter 10
This document describes different types of gaseous fire extinguishing systems including carbon dioxide, halons, and clean agents. Carbon dioxide works by displacing oxygen and forming a fog-like cloud to extinguish fires. Halons break down the chemical reaction of fire and were commonly used but are no longer manufactured due to environmental concerns. Clean agents like inert gases are environmentally safe alternatives to halons that effectively extinguish Class A, B, and C fires without leaving residues. All gaseous systems require regular inspection, testing and maintenance to ensure proper operation.
Chapter 13
The document discusses several key aspects of public financial management and budgeting for fire prevention programs. It describes the purpose of public budgets as supplying information to elected officials and the public about government programs and establishing spending policies. It distinguishes between operating budgets, which fund day-to-day expenses, and capital budgets, which fund long-term projects. It also discusses different budget formats, the importance of developing fee structures based on recovery of costs for specific services, and having financial management processes in place to ensure accountability.
Chapter 12
This document discusses personnel considerations for fire prevention bureaus. It notes that bureaus are often made up of a combination of uniformed firefighters and civilian specialists. Uniformed staff bring fire service experience while civilians have specific skills and education. The document emphasizes that training and certification are critical for all positions, and it outlines various national standards and certifying organizations. Retention of qualified staff is also highlighted as important for an effective fire prevention program.
Chapter 11
Fire prevention records generated by government agencies are considered public records and subject to freedom of information laws. These records must be retained according to state-mandated schedules and are generally stored using an information management system. When developing an electronic records system, fire bureaus must carefully consider their operational needs, legal requirements, and ensure the system can integrate with standard procedures. Proper planning and implementation of a records system is crucial to the effective functioning of a fire prevention program.
Chapter 10
This document discusses the importance of public fire safety education and planning effective education programs. It outlines key aspects of developing programs including using local fire statistics to identify target audiences, designing messages tailored to those audiences, implementing programs, and evaluating their effectiveness in changing behaviors. The document also highlights the role of the media, schools, and public hearings in disseminating fire safety messages to various groups.
Chapter 8
Fire prevention bureaus have taken on additional functions beyond traditional fire prevention due to their relevant expertise in areas like construction, hazardous materials, and emergency response. These expanded roles can benefit public safety but also risk distracting from the core mission of fire prevention. Key expanded roles discussed include construction code enforcement, property maintenance inspections, investigating hazardous waste and vacant building issues, and assisting with homeland security and civil defense.
Chapter 7
This document discusses the importance of testing fire protection systems to ensure reliability. It describes how unreliable systems can negatively impact public safety and businesses. The document emphasizes that proper design, equipment, installation, and maintenance are necessary for reliability. It also explains that acceptance tests after installation, along with regular inspections and retests, are required by fire codes to maintain system integrity over time.
Chapter 6
The document discusses the importance and objectives of fire inspections. It notes that the level of acceptable risk is constantly evolving and that inspection programs have been proven effective in reducing fire incidence by around 50%. The purpose of inspections is to ensure life safety and compliance with fire codes. Jurisdictions must establish priorities for inspections based on risks associated with occupancy classes and permits required by fire codes. Inspections of existing and new buildings are necessary to identify hazards and ensure safety.
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Ch12 ppt
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