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Chap1: Communication Process

The document discusses the importance of oral communication, outlining key communication skills valued by employers, such as teamwork and interpersonal abilities. It explains the communication process including components like sender, message, and context, as well as the principles of communication, ethical implications, and the importance of communication competence. Additionally, it addresses methods for improving communication skills and managing communication apprehension.

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CHAPTER 1: COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES By: Miranda Emery
INTRO: WHY IS ORAL COMM. IMPORTANT? Communication skills, team work skills, and interpersonal abilities For example: engineering National Association of Colleges and Employers Top 10 skills from graduates: #1: COMMUNICATION (face-to-face, presentational, and writing) #3: Teamwork #5: Analytical #8: Interpersonal #9: Problem-solving
COMMUNICATION PROCESS Participants (who) Sender - Send/transmit message Receiver - Interpret message
COMMUNICATION PROCESS Message (what)- verbal, visual, nonverbal behavior to which meaning is attributed Meaning - Your thoughts and interpretation of others’ message Not transferable
COMMUNICATION PROCESS To get meaning, we encode and decode symbols within a message. Encode - Putting thoughts/feelings into words, nonverbal cues, and images. Decode - Process of interpreting another’s message. Symbol - words, sounds, and actions that represent ideas/feelings. Form - Organization of message.
CONTEXT (SETTING) Context: Setting including what precedes and follows what is said. 5 types: Physical Social Historical Psychological Cultural
CONTEXT (CONTINUED) Physical : Location, environment (temperature, lighting, noise), distance between participants, and time of day. Social : Nature of the relationship Historical : Background from previous communication Psychological : Moods and feelings each participant brings to the interaction Cultural : Values, beliefs, orientations, underlying assumptions, and rituals prevalent among people in society
CHANNELS: ROUTE AND MEANS Face-to-face 3 basic channels Verbal symbols Nonverbal cues Visual images
CHANNELS (CONTINUED) Technology mediated Same 3 basic channels, though nonverbal cues become emoticons and acronyms
 
COMMUNICATION PROCESS Interference (noise)- Any stimulus that hinders the process of sharing meaning. Physical - Sights, sounds, and other things within the environment. Psychological - Internal noise (thoughts) Semantic noise (symbols)
COMMUNICATION PROCESS Feedback - Reactions and responses to a message that indicate to the sender whether and how the message was heard, seen, and interpreted. Confused look, nod, or saying, “I understand.”
COMMUNICATION SETTINGS Differ by number of participants and interaction characterization (formal/informal) Types: Intrapersonal: In your mind (talking to yourself) Interpersonal: Informal between 2 people Small group: 3-20 Public: Communication delivered to more than 20
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES #1: Communication has purpose 5 purposes: Develop/maintain sense of self Meet social needs Develop/maintain relationships Exchange information Influence others #2: Communication is continuous
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES #3: Communication messages vary in conscious thought Occur spontaneously (without much thought) Based on a learned “script” Constructed based on understanding of a situation #4: Communication is relational Reflect two aspects: Immediacy : Degree of liking or attractiveness in relationship Control : Degree one participant is perceived to be dominant/powerful
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES #5: Communication is guided by culture Culture: System of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. Shared beliefs, values, symbols, and behaviors.
The word "swastika" comes from the Sanskrit svastika  - "su" meaning "good," "asti" meaning "to be," and "ka" as a suffix. Until the Nazis used this symbol, the swastika was used by many cultures throughout the past 3,000 years to represent life, sun, power, strength, and good luck. Source: http://history1900s.about.com/cs/swastika/a/swastikahistory.htm
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES #6: Communication has ethical implications 5 ethical standards: Truthfulness and honesty mean refraining from lying, cheating, stealing, and deception Integrity means maintaining a consistency of belief and action Fairness means achieving the right balance of interest without regard to one’s own feelings and without showing favor to any side in a conflict Respect means showing regard or consideration for others and their ideas, even if we don’t agree with them Responsibility means being accountable for one’s actions and what one says #7: Communication is learned
COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE Communication competence: The impression that communicative behavior is both appropriate and effective in a given situation. Communication is effective when it achieves its goals; it is appropriate when it conforms to what is expected in a situation. Perceptions of competence depend, in part, on personal motivation (want to), knowledge (of what is involved), and skills (goal-oriented actions). Credibility : perception of speaker’s knowledge, trustworthiness, and warmth. Social ease : Managing so you don’t appear nervous/anxious.
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION “ The fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others.” 4 types: Traitlike : Anxious in most speaking situations Audience-based : Only to certain people or group Situational : Short-lived during specific encounter (e.g. job interview) Context-based: Anxiety in a particular situation
COMMUNICATION SKILLS IMPROVEMENT 1: State the problem 2: State the goal 3: Outline a specific procedure for reaching the goal 4: Devise a method for determining when the goal is reached.
THANK YOU (TY,  )