Our perceptions of others are influenced by several factors: observing others' appearances and behaviors to make first impressions, using stereotypes, our own emotional states, and how we interpret others' messages based on context and shared language. To improve the accuracy of our perceptions, we should question our initial judgments, seek more information, recognize that perceptions may change over time with new insights, and practice perception checking by verbally describing behaviors and getting feedback.

1. PERCEPTION OF OTHERS
Group 5

2. Uncertainty reduction
 Definition: The process of monitoring the social environment
to learn more about self and others.
 Interaction  gain information and form impressions of
others.
 The more they learn about each other and find
commonalities, the less uncertain they are about each
other

3. Factors influence perceptions of others
1. Observing others
2. Using stereotypes
3. Emotional state
4. Perceiving others’ message
5. Improving the accuracy of social perceptions

4. Observing others
 Initial social perceptions or first impressions of others
are usually made from observations
 These impressions influence how we act toward them

5.  We make similar judgments about people we meet
online: based on their profile, pictures, nicknames,
comments …

6. Implicit personality theories
 Sometimes we make judgments of other people based on
implicit personality theories
 Definition: assumptions about which physical characteristics
and personality traits or behaviors are associated with one
another.

7. Halo effect
• When you judge others based on implicit personality
theories  your perception is based on the halo effect
• Definition: to generalize and perceive that a person has a
whole set of characteristics when you have actually observed
only one characteristic, trait, or behavior.

8.  Two types of halo effects:
 Positive halo: admit positive characteristics to others
 Negative halo: impute negative characteristics to others

9. sang

10. cam

11. Perceiving Others’ Messages
 Our observations of others and our
emotional state certainly affect how we
perceive others. They also tend to influence
how we perceive the messages others send
to us.
 Two additional factors that influence how
we perceive others’ messages are
context
shared language

12. Context
 The better we know someone, the more
likely we are to share an understanding of
the context in which our messages are sent
and received.
 When we don’t know someone well or when
we are speaking with several people or a
large audience, there are expanded
opportunities for messages to be perceived
differently.

13. Shared language
 Even when both participants speak the same
language, they might not enjoy a “shared
language” in terms of how each one
perceives specific words, visual images, and
nonverbal cues.
 To clarify, the sender might use a word with
which the receiver is unfamiliar, ambiguously
use a word that has multiple meanings,
misuse a symbol, or use a personal definition
of a word.

14. Understanding how observations and
emotional states, as well as context and
shared language affect our perceptions of
others and the messages they send is a first
step in improving your perceptual accuracy.

15. Improving the Accuracy
of Social Perceptions

16. Question the accuracy of your
perceptions

17. Seek more information to
verify perceptions
 try to collect additional information so that your
perceptions are better grounded
 talk with the person and ask for the information you
need to become more comfortable

18. Realize that your perceptions of
a person will change over time
 People often base their behavior on perceptions that are
old or based on incomplete information.

19. Use the skill of perception
checking
 verbalize the perception and see whether others
agree with what you see, hear and interpret.
 3 steps :
(1) watch the behavior of the other person
(2) ask yourself “What does that behavior mean to
me?
(3) describe the behavior and put your
interpretation into words

20. SUMMARY

21.  Observing Others: first impressions, use the profile and
other pictures that people post to judge somebody we
meet online…
 Using Stereotypes:
- it is human nature to name, label, and organize in order
to make sense of the stimuli.
- stereotyping can lead to prejudice and discrimination

22.  Emotional State: the factor that affects how accurately we
perceive others is our emotional state at the time of the
interaction
 Perceiving Others’ Messages:
- we interpret the content of the speaker based on the
context
- even when both participants speak the same language,
they might not understand each other.

23.  Improving the Accuracy of Social Perceptions: Question
the accuracy, seek more information, perceptions will
change over time, perception checking.

24. THANKS FOR YOU ATTENTION!
 Group members:
1. Dinh Quoc Minh Dang
2. Vo Huu Loc
3. Nguyen Dinh Minh Sang
4. Tran Thi Ngan Giang
5. Nguyen Ngoc Cam
6. Nguyen Hong To Ngan