Capacitors are composed of two conductive plates separated by an insulator. Charge is stored on the plates when a voltage is applied. The amount of charge stored depends on the capacitance, voltage, and the dielectric material between the plates. There are several types of capacitors including fixed, electrolytic, variable, and supercapacitors. Capacitors can be connected in series or parallel with the equivalent capacitance determined by the individual capacitances.
This is small Power point presentation about different types of capacitors. It deals with different applications of different capacitors.This ppt has some important classification of different capacitors
The full basics of electronics can be look over in our link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
Resistors are very useful components in healthcare electronics so every healthcare engineers to learn about all these kinds of basic components
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
Presentation on Electromagnetic Induction.
Physics two presentation of CSE dept. Southeast University.
PPTX slides made by Saleh Ibne Omar.
December 2017.
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applicationselprocus
Capacitor is one of mostly used component in electronic circuit design. It plays an important role in many of the embedded applications. A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates and here are a few of the more common types of capacitors available.
This is small Power point presentation about different types of capacitors. It deals with different applications of different capacitors.This ppt has some important classification of different capacitors
The full basics of electronics can be look over in our link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
Resistors are very useful components in healthcare electronics so every healthcare engineers to learn about all these kinds of basic components
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
Presentation on Electromagnetic Induction.
Physics two presentation of CSE dept. Southeast University.
PPTX slides made by Saleh Ibne Omar.
December 2017.
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applicationselprocus
Capacitor is one of mostly used component in electronic circuit design. It plays an important role in many of the embedded applications. A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates and here are a few of the more common types of capacitors available.
This is a basic presentation about the Capacotors with iths basic knowledge about some equations also.
It is a little longer but you will get the general information about the capacitors.
It is well divided into 4 portions.
A cylindrical capacitor is a specific type of capacitor characterized by its cylindrical structure. It consists of two coaxial (aligned along the same axis) cylinders or conductors, one inside the other, separated by a dielectric material.
Here are the key components and characteristics of a cylindrical capacitor:
1. **Structure**: It comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, both arranged along the same axis. The space between these cylinders is filled with a dielectric material that prevents direct electrical contact between the cylinders.
2. **Dielectric Medium**: The dielectric material, which could be air, vacuum, or other non-conductive substances, helps in maintaining a potential difference between the cylinders without allowing the flow of current between them.
3. **Capacitance Factors**: The capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor is influenced by several factors, including the radii of the cylinders, their lengths, and the properties of the dielectric material between them. Formulas exist to calculate the capacitance based on these parameters.
4. **Applications**: Cylindrical capacitors find applications in various fields such as electronics, power systems, and telecommunications due to their relatively high capacitance compared to other capacitor designs. They are utilized where efficient energy storage in a compact form is required.
5. **Energy Storage**: During charging, energy from an external source is expended to charge the capacitor. This energy gets stored within the electrostatic field formed in the dielectric material. Upon discharge, this stored energy is released.
6. **Functions**: Cylindrical capacitors serve multiple functions, including energy storage, signal processing in circuits, filtering, and regulation of electrical energy in power transmission systems.
In summary, cylindrical capacitors are a specific design of capacitors consisting of coaxial cylinders separated by a dielectric medium. Their structure and properties make them valuable in various technological applications where efficient energy storage and manipulation of electrical signals are required.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Capacitor
1.
2.
3. Objective
Describe the construction of a capacitor and
how charge is stored.
Introduce several types of capacitors.
Discuss the electrical properties of a capacitor
The relationship between charge, voltage,
and capacitance.
Charging and discharging of a capacitor.
Relationship between voltage, current, and
capacitance; power; and energy.
Equivalent capacitance when a set of
capacitors are in series and in parallel.
4. Capacitors
Composed of two conductive plates separated
by an insulator (or dielectric).
Commonly illustrated as two parallel metal
plates separated by a distance, d.
C = e A/d
where e = er eo
er is the relative dielectric
constant.
eo is the vacuum permittivity.
5. Dielectrics
A dielectric is an insulating material (e.g.
paper, plastic, glass).
A dielectric placed between the conductors of
a capacitor increases its capacitance by a
factor κ, called the dielectric constant.
C= κCo (Co=capacitance without dielectric)
For a parallel-plate capacitor:
ε = κεo = permittivity of the material.
d
A
d
A
C
0
6. Effect of Dimensions
Capacitance increases with
increasing surface area of the plates,
decreasing spacing between plates, and
increasing the relative dielectric constant of
the insulator between the two plates.
7. Types of Capacitors
Fixed Capacitors
Nonpolarized
May be connected into circuit with either
terminal of capacitor connected to the
high voltage side of the circuit.
Insulator: Paper, Mica, Ceramic, Polymer
Electrolytic
The negative terminal must always be at a
lower voltage than the positive terminal
Plates or Electrodes: Aluminum, Tantalum.
8. Nonpolarized
Difficult to make nonpolarized capacitors that
store a large amount of charge or operate at
high voltages.
Tolerance on capacitance values is very large
+50%/-25% is not unusual.
PSpice Symbol
10. Types of Capacitors
Parallel-Plate Capacitor
A cylindrical capacitor is a parallel-plate
capacitor that has been rolled up with
an insulating layer between the plates.
Cylindrical Capacitor
12. Electric Double Layer
Capacitor
Also known as a supercapacitor or
ultracapacitor
Used in high voltage/high current
applications.
Energy storage for alternate energy
systems.
13. MEMS Capacitor
MEMS (Microelectromechanical system)
Can be a variable capacitor by changing the
distance between electrodes.
Use in sensing applications as well as in RF
electronics.
14. Electrical Properties of a
Capacitor
Acts like an open circuit at steady state when
connected to a d.c. voltage or current source.
Voltage on a capacitor must be continuous
There are no abrupt changes to the voltage,
but there may be discontinuities in the
current.
An ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy,
it takes power when storing energy and
returns it when discharging.
15. Properties of a Real
Capacitor
A real capacitor does dissipate energy due
leakage of charge through its insulator.
This is modeled by putting a resistor in
parallel with an ideal capacitor.
16. Energy Storage
Charge is stored on the plates of the
capacitor.
Equation : Q = CV
Units:
Farad = Coulomb/Voltage
Farad is abbreviated as F
17. Sign Conventions
The sign convention used with a
capacitor is the same as for a
power dissipating device.
When current flows into the
positive side of the voltage
across the capacitor, it is
positive and the capacitor is
dissipating power.
When the capacitor releases
energy back into the circuit, the
sign of the current will be
negative.
18. Charging a capacitor
Current flow
Initially High
Finally Zero
Charging factors
Capacitance
Resistance
I
t
19. Charging a Capacitor
It is easy to store charge in the capacitor.
As more charge is stored on the plates of the
capacitor, it becomes increasingly difficult to place
additional charge on the plates.
Coulombic repulsion from the charge already on
the plates creates an opposing force to limit the
addition of more charge on the plates.
Voltage across a capacitor increases rapidly as
charge is moved onto the plates when the initial
amount of charge on the capacitor is small.
Voltage across the capacitor increases more
slowly as it becomes difficult to add extra
charge to the plates.
20. Adding Charge to
Capacitor
The ability to add charge to a
capacitor depends on:
The amount of charge already on the
plates of the capacitor and the force
(voltage) driving the charge towards
the plates (i.e., current)
21. Discharging a capacitor
Current flow
Initially High
Opposite to
charging
Finally zero
Discharging factors
Capacitance
Resistance
I
t
22. Discharging a Capacitor
At first, it is easy to remove charge in the capacitor.
Coulombic repulsion from charge already on the plates creates a
force that pushes some of the charge out of the capacitor once
the force (voltage) that placed the charge in the capacitor is
removed (or decreased).
As more charge is removed from the plates of the capacitor, it
becomes increasingly difficult to get rid of the small amount of
charge remaining on the plates.
Coulombic repulsion decreases as charge spreads out on the
plates. As the amount of charge decreases, the force needed to
drive the charge off of the plates decreases.
Voltage across a capacitor decreases rapidly as charge is
removed from the plates when the initial amount of charge on
the capacitor is small.
Voltage across the capacitor decreases more slowly as it
becomes difficult to force the remaining charge out of the
capacitor.
25. Ceq for Capacitors in Parallel
i
4321eq
4321
4433
2211
4321
C CCCC
dt
dv
Ci
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
Ci
dt
dv
Ci
dt
dv
Ci
dt
dv
Ci
dt
dv
Ci
iiiii
eqin
in
in
27. Ceq for Capacitors in Series
i
1
4321eq
t
t
t
t4
t
t3
t
t2
t
t1
t
t4
4
t
t3
3
t
t2
2
t
t1
1
4321
1111C
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
idt
1
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
CCCC
C
v
CCCC
v
C
v
C
v
C
v
C
v
vvvvv
eq
in
in
in
28. Summary
Capacitors are energy storage devices.
An ideal capacitor act like an open circuit at
steady state when a DC voltage or current has
been applied.
The voltage across a capacitor must be a
continuous function; the current flowing
through a capacitor can be discontinuous.
1
1
t
t
CC
C
C
o
dti
C
v
dt
dv
Ci