A brain-computer interface (BCI) allows direct communication between the brain and an external device. BCIs are used to assist, augment, or repair human cognitive and sensory-motor functions. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s and has focused on developing neuroprosthetics to replace impaired nervous systems or sensory organs. The first neuroprosthetics devices implanted in humans appeared in the 1990s. BCI devices can be invasive, implanted in the brain, or non-invasive, interacting externally with the brain. BCIs are currently used to control wheelchairs, prosthetic limbs, and other devices. Future applications may allow reading and writing of individual neuron activities and broader access to brain functions.

1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
ABSTRACT
A brain–computer interface (BCI), often called a mind-machine interface (MMI), or
sometimes called a direct neural interface (DNI), synthetic telepathy interface (STI) or a brain–
machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external
device. BCIs are often directed at assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-
motor functions. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los
Angeles (UCLA)The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily on
neuroprosthetics That is, using artificial devices to replace the function of impaired nervous systems
and brain related problems, or of sensory organs & applications that aim at restoring damaged
hearing, sight and movement. Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuroprosthetics
devices implanted in humans appeared in the mid-1990s.latest inventions was on DEC 21st
2013
called as open BCI & brain controlled quadcopter and even Bci controlled humanoid robot by Honda.
Types of Bci are invasive, partially invasive, Partially invasive, on-invasive, BCI devices are
implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain, Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey
matter of the brain during neurosurgery, Non-invasive BCI is the version of interface used when only
a temporary connection to the brain is required. Bci are used in brain controlled wheel chair, artificial
legs, car for disabled, ears, games, Helicopter or quadcopter, skateboard. So on..Future scopes are as
follows,
Direct control over the activities of all individual neurons by means of nanorobots.
Arbitrary read/write access to the whole brain.
More direct links into the brain with the ability to read certain thoughts and copy a wide range
of data and information into various parts of the brain.
Fig: Block diagram of BCI
REFERENCES:-
www.wikipedia.org
www.ieeexplore.org
SUBMITTED BY,
RAJASHREE .B
8TH
SEM ECE
4GH11EC400