BLOOD composition&functions of blood,plasma proteins Blood is a connective tissue in fluid form. It is considered as the ‘fluid of life’ because it carries oxygen from lungs to all parts of the body and carbon dioxide from all parts of the body to the lungs. It is known as ‘fluid of growth’ because it carries nutritive substances from the digestive system and hormones from endocrine gland to all the tissues. The blood is also called the ‘fluid of health’ because it protects the body against the diseases and gets rid of the waste products and unwanted substances by transporting them to the excretory organs like kidneys function 1. Nutrient Function: Supplies nutrients like glucose, amino acids, lipids. 2. Respiratory: carries oxygen to the tissues and transport CO² to lungs for expiration. 3. Excretory: removes waste products from tissues and carried to the excretory organs like kidneys, skin, liver etc. 4. Regulation of body temperature 5. Defensive function: WBCs are responsible for this function (Neutophils and monocytes) engulf the bacteria by phagocytosis. Lymphocytes are involved in immunity. Eosinophils are responsible for detoxification, disintegration( to break or separate into constituent elements or parts) and removal of foreign proteins. 6. Storage function Blood cells: 1) Red blood cells or Erythroctes. 2) White blood cells or leukocytes. 3) Platelets or Thrombocytes. Plasma is the intercellular matrix of the blood Composition of plasma Plasma Proteins 7-9% Albumin Globulin Fibrinogen Dissolved solutes 3% Water 90% albumin Smallest in molecular weight Synthesized by liver Provide osmotic pressure. This is needed to maintain volume and pressure of blood GLOBULIN Transport and storage proteins TYPES : Alpha & beta : transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins (liver) Gamma globulins : antibodies produced by lymphocytes (IgD) belong to the group of gamma globulins and serve as defense proteins (antibodies). IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin, can cross the placental barrier (maternofetal transmission). fibrinogen Imp. clotting factor Largest molecular weight Helps in coagulation of blood All the plasma proteins are synthesized in liver except ?? Gamma globulins (which are derived from B cells) What is difference between plasma and serum ?? Plasma – fibrinogen = serum

1. BLOOD
Maryam Fida (o-1827)
Source: The Guyton and Hall Physiology

2. 1. Composition
of blood
2. Functions of
blood
3. Plasma
Proteins :
its production
and function

3. WHAT IS BLOOD
• Blood is a connective tissue in fluid form.
• It is considered as the ‘fluid of life’ because it carries oxygen from lungs to all
parts of the body and carbon dioxide from all parts of the body to the lungs.
• It is known as ‘fluid of growth’ because it carries nutritive substances from the
digestive system and hormones from endocrine gland to all the tissues.
• The blood is also called the ‘fluid of health’ because it protects the body against
the diseases and gets rid of the waste products and unwanted substances by
transporting them to the excretory organs like kidneys

4. Functions of blood
1. Nutrient Function:
– Supplies nutrients like glucose, amino acids, lipids.
2. Respiratory:
– carries oxygen to the tissues and transport CO² to lungs for expiration.
3. Excretory:
– removes waste products from tissues and carried to the excretory organs
like kidneys, skin, liver etc.
4. Regulation of body temperature
5. Defensive function:
 WBCs are responsible for this function (Neutophils and monocytes) engulf
the bacteria by phagocytosis.
 Lymphocytes are involved in immunity.
 Eosinophils are responsible for detoxification, disintegration( to break or
separate into constituent elements or parts) and removal of foreign proteins.
6. Storage function

5. Composition of blood
– Formed elements – 45%
– Plasma – 55%

7. Blood cells
FORMED ELEMENTS 45%
– Blood cells:
– 1) Red blood cells or Erythroctes.
– 2) White blood cells or leukocytes.
– 3) Platelets or Thrombocytes.

8. Plasma 55%
Plasma is the intercellular matrix of the blood
Composition of plasma
Plasma Proteins 7-9%
o Albumin
o Globulin
o Fibrinogen
 Dissolved solutes 3%
 Water 90%

9. ALBUMIN 60-80%
– Smallest in molecular weight
– Synthesized by liver
– Provide osmotic pressure. This is needed to
maintain volume and pressure of blood
– GLOBULIN
– Transport and storage proteins
– TYPES :
– Alpha & beta : transport lipids and fat
soluble vitamins (liver)
– Gamma globulins : antibodies produced
by lymphocytes
– (IgD) belong to the group of gamma
globulins and serve as defense proteins
(antibodies).
– IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin,
can cross the placental barrier
(maternofetal transmission).
FIBRINOGEN 4%
– Imp. clotting factor
– Largest molecular weight
– Helps in coagulation of blood
– All the plasma proteins are
synthesized in liver except ??
Gamma globulins (which are
derived from B cells)
– What is difference between
plasma and serum ??
– Plasma – fibrinogen = serum

10. Functions of Plasma Proteins
1) They are responsible for plasma colloid osmotic pressure or
oncotic pressure (25-28mmHg).
– Albumin is responsible for 80% of this pressure.
2) Blood Clotting:
– Fibrinogen, prothrombin clotting factors.
3) Contribute to blood viscosity:
which in turn affects Blood pressure.
4) Transport of metals, hormones and other substances e.g; albumin
transport bilirubin, albumin & globulin transport hormones.
5) Transport of CO2:
– As carbaminoproteins, CO2 binds with amino group of plasma
protein.

11. 6) Buffer function:
– At 7.4 PH anions can accept H+ions. So act as buffers. They are
responsible for 15% of total buffering capacity of blood.
7) Protective function:
– Gamma globulins are involved in protective function.
8) Energy purposes:
– They are used for energy purposes. They affect suspension
property of RBCs, so affect ESR.
– Albumin decreases ESR.
– Globulin increases ESR.

12. Hematocrit value
– If blood is collected in a hematocrit tube along with a suitable anti
coagulants and centrifuged for 30 minutes at a speed of 3000 RPM,
the RBC’s settle down at the bottom having a clear plasma at a top.
– The plasma forms 55% and the red blood cells form 45% of the total
blood.
– The volume of RBC’s expressed in %age is called the Hematocrit
value or Packed cell volume.
– In between the plasma and the RBC’s there is a thin layer of white
buffy coat.
– This white buffy coat is formed by the aggregation of white blood
cells and platelets.

13. Blood
after
centrifugation

14. Composition of blood