Intro databases Data – a collection of facts made up of text, numbers and dates: Ali 35000 7/18/86 Information - the meaning given to data in the way it is interpreted: Mr. Ali is a sales person whose annual salary is $35,000 and whose hire date is July 18, 1986. A structured collection of related data An filing cabinet, an address book, a telephone directory, a timetable, etc. Google and your email is a database School Student Information System

1. Introduction to Databases

2. Data vs. Information
 Data – a collection of facts made up of text, numbers
and dates:
Ali 35000 7/18/86
 Information - the meaning given to data in the way it is
interpreted:
Mr. Ali is a sales person whose annual salary is
$35,000 and whose hire date is July 18, 1986.

3. What is the ultimate purpose of a
database management system?
Data Information Knowledge Action
Is to transform
Data driven decision making

4. What is a Database?
 A structured collection of related data
 An filing cabinet, an address book, a
telephone directory, a timetable, etc.
 Google and your email is a database
 School Student Information System

5. Basic Database Concepts
 Table
– A set of related records
Name: Harris
College: Medicine
Tel: 392-5555
Name: Harris
College: Medicine
Tel: 392-5555
Name: Harris
 Field
 Record
–A collection of data
about an individual item
–A single item of data
common to all records

6. An Example of a Table
Records
Fields
Name Address Phone College
Ali Lahore 392-3900 Pharmacy
Harris Karachi 392-5555 Medicine
Maria Islamabad 846-5656 Dental

7. Different parts of a database
Fields – different types of data (number or text)
Records
Queries
Reports

8. Primary Keys & Foreign Keys
Name User Phone College
Ali a.ali 392-3900 Pharmacy
Harris h.harris 392-5555 Medicine
Maria m.maria 846-5656 Dental
To ensure that each record is unique in each table, we
can set one field to be a Primary Key field.
A Primary Key is a field that will contain no duplicates
and no blank values.
Foreign Keys link to data in other tables

9. What is a Relational Database
Management System (RDMS)?
A relational database is a collection of tables from
which data can be accessed in many different ways
without having to reorganize the database tables.
DON’T DUPLICATE DATA
– That is, once relationships are created, tables can “talk” to
each other. We can link (relate) the tables to find:
 Which schools are in a system?
 Which students are in which class?
 Which classes are filling up?

10. Relationships

11. Database Options
Consumer
 Flat Files
 Microsoft Excel
- Limit of 65,536 Rows
 Microsoft Access
 FileMaker Pro
 MySQL (Open Source)
 Postgres (Open Source)
Enterprise RDMS
 Oracle
 IBM/DB2
 MS SQL-server
 Sybase
 Informix
 Lotus Notes
 MySQL (Open Source)
 Postgres (Open Source)

12. Input Data with Forms
 A friendlier view of the database
 Used for data input, menus, display and printing
 Can perform Calculations and Combine fields

13. Databases and the Web
Accessing databases through web forms
– Java programming interface (JDBC)
– Embedding into HTML pages (JSP or ASP)
– Access through http protocol (Web Services)
Using Web document formats for data
definition and manipulation
– XML, XML databases and messaging systems

14. Queries
 A means of asking questions (querying) of your data
 Can look across a number of Tables and other Queries
 Can perform Calculations and Combine fields

15. SQL
 Structured Query Language (SQL) is used for relational
database “programming.”
 it is alleged that SQL is the most commonly used
programming language in the world
 SQL is essentially divided into two sublanguages
– Data Manipulation Language (DML)
– Data Definition Language (DDL)
 SELECT "column_name" FROM "table_name"
– SELECT
– SELECT F2Q2B, Count(*) AS TOTAL FROM FORM2 GROUP BY F2Q2B
– select F2Q3, F2Q3T from form2 ORDER BY F2Q3

16. Introducing Reports
 Output of information in a printed report
 Allows you to group and summarize data
 Can perform Calculations and Combine fields
 Cannot Edit Data
 Can Make Labels

17. XML: Extensible Markup Language
 Defined by the WWW Consortium (W3C)
 The ability to specify new tags, and to create
nested tag structures made XML a great way to
exchange data, not just documents
 XML has become the basis for all new
generation data interchange formats.
 A wide variety of tools is available for parsing,
browsing and querying XML documents/data

18. XML: Extensible Markup Language
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <rss xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd"
version="2.0">
- <channel>
<title>KSU Year of Kenya Lecture Series</title>
<link>http://www.kennesaw.edu/yearofkenya</link>
<language>en-us</language>
<copyright>Copyright 2006</copyright>
<lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Nov 2006 15:50:00 -0500</lastBuildDate>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Nov 2006 15:50:00 -0500</pubDate>
<itunes:author>Kennesaw State University - Office of International Services
and Programs</itunes:author>
<itunes:subtitle>The 2006-2007 KSU Year of Kenya Lecture
Series</itunes:subtitle>

19. Data Mining
Searching for novel patterns, rules or
relationships in data, e.g.:
– correlations
– classification
– clustering
– Visualization