Blackodising process
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Blackodising is a process that forms a corrosion-resistant coating on ferrous metals through a chemical reaction when immersed in a hot alkaline salt solution. This reaction converts the metal surface into magnetite (Fe3O4), providing protection without changing the part's dimensions. The black oxide coating has various applications and advantages, including corrosion resistance, an aesthetic black finish, and low cost processing, making it suitable for tool parts, fixtures, gears, and other mechanical components.
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industrial waste water.pptx1234545342522425
The document discusses different metal plating processes and waste generation in the electroplating industry. It describes various plating methods including electroplating, electroless plating, and galvanization. Electroplating involves applying a voltage to deposit metal ions onto a conductive substrate, while electroless plating uses chemical reactions without electricity. The document also outlines the multi-step plating process including pre-treatment, plating, and post-plating steps. Finally, it discusses the significant waste streams generated including liquid, solid, and gaseous wastes and some methods to reduce waste generation such as optimizing bath sizes and recycling rinse water.
Surface Treatments
This document discusses various surface treatment methods for metals including case hardening, selective hardening, and layer additions. It provides details on specific processes like carburizing, cyaniding, nitriding, and carbonitriding for case hardening as well as flame hardening, induction hardening, and laser/electron beam hardening. Layer addition methods like physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and thermal spraying are also outlined.
Steel Making: Lecture deoxidation
The document discusses the process of deoxidizing steel. During steelmaking, oxygen dissolves into the liquid steel but not in the solid steel. Deoxidation or "killing" of steel refers to reducing the excess oxygen content before casting to prevent blowholes and inclusions. This is typically done through precipitation deoxidation using elements like aluminum, silicon, and manganese that have a higher affinity for oxygen than iron and form stable oxides. These deoxidizers are chosen based on factors like stability, deoxidizing ability, oxide melting point and density. Aluminum is the most powerful deoxidizer but its oxide alumina must be modified to remain liquid during casting.
Difference Between Electro Galvanized Vs Hot Dip Galvanization Steel-Tanya G...
Difference Between Electro Galvanized Vs Hot Dip Galvanization Steel-Tanya G...Tanya/Prashant Galvanizers
This document compares and contrasts the two main types of galvanization: hot dip galvanization and electro galvanization. Hot dip galvanization involves submerging steel or iron in a bath of molten zinc, resulting in a thicker zinc coating that chemically bonds to the metal. Electro galvanization uses an electroplating process to apply a thinner zinc coating to steel through an electrochemical reaction in a zinc salt solution. The document provides details on each process and a comparison chart of the differences between hot dip and electro galvanization.Deoxidation and inclusion control
This document discusses the deoxidation of steel and inclusion control during steelmaking. It explains that oxygen dissolves in steel during production under oxidizing conditions and must be removed through deoxidation. Common deoxidizers like aluminum, silicon, and manganese are added as they have a high affinity for oxygen and form stable oxides. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the deoxidation reaction are described. Proper stirring of the melt is important to allow the deoxidation products to float to the surface and be removed. Calcium injection can also be used to modify inclusions and make them more globular and easier to remove from the steel.
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Elliott Turbomachinery_ Hydrogen Compressor Materials .pdf
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The Schmidt Hartmann boiler consists of two circuits - a primary circuit of distilled water that generates high pressure steam at 95-100 bar, and a secondary circuit of impure water that uses the high pressure steam to generate lower pressure steam at 55-60 bar. This design allows for the generation of steam using impure water, reducing costs by eliminating the need for a softening plant. However, deposits in the evaporator drum from the impure water require more frequent cleaning stops.
Velox boiler
The Velox boiler is a water tube boiler that uses a gas turbine to drive an air compressor. This compressor pressurizes air that is fed into a vertical combustion chamber, increasing the heat from fuel combustion and accelerating the flue gases up to the speed of sound. This high-speed combustion transfer heat very efficiently to the water tubes, allowing the Velox boiler to generate steam at a high rate while maintaining a compact size. The key principle is that heat transfer increases when flue gas velocities exceed the speed of sound.
Surface grinding machine
Surface Grinding Machine uses an abrasive grinding wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece for finishing. It consists of a base, work table, wheel head, and other parts. Each abrasive particle acts as a single cutting tool. Common abrasive materials are aluminum oxide, diamond, silicon carbide, and cubic boron nitride. It can produce a smooth, high precision surface and is useful for grinding tools, cutters, and other flat or cylindrical surfaces. However, it has limitations such as inability to grind in reverse and constant degradation of the grinding wheel.
Nickel electroplating
Nickel electroplating provides benefits like increased corrosion resistance, improved hardness and strength, resistance to wear, and improved ductility. During nickel plating, nickel ions are reduced at the cathode through a reduction reaction, while the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction that dissolves metal. The thickness of a nickel plate coating is affected by applying direct current over time at a certain current density per unit area being plated.
Bloom, billet, slab, plate
Bloom, billet, slab, plate, sheet, strip are terms used in metalworking and manufacturing. Blooms undergo first breakdown of ingots through hot working and have a large cross sectional area. Billets are further reduced through hot rolling. Slabs are hot rolled ingots with a specific cross sectional area and width. Plates are thick products over 6mm, while sheets are thinner but wide, and strips are thin and narrow. Blooms, billets, and slabs are considered semi-finished products.
Lapping process
Lapping is a surface finishing process that uses loose abrasive powders at low speeds to achieve very tight tolerances of flatness, parallelism, thickness, or finish. It involves mixing abrasive particles with a liquid to form a slurry, placing the slurry on a rotating lap plate, and placing the workpiece against the slurry-coated plate so the abrasive grains can modify the workpiece surface through rolling/sliding contact. A lapped surface exhibits a dull, non-reflective appearance with multi-directional texture, especially for hard materials with surface roughness under 5 micro-inches.
Injection moulding
Injection moulding is a manufacturing process that involves injecting material into a mould cavity. Common materials used include thermoplastics and thermosets. The injection moulding machine has components like a clamping unit, injection unit, mould, and heaters. It injects molten material into the mould, which then cools and hardens into the final shape before being ejected. Injection moulding is used to make a wide variety of plastic, rubber and metal parts.
Mechanism of gear shaping
Gear shaping is the process of manufacturing gears to precise specifications. It involves using a gear shaper machine with a single-point cutting tool that removes material from a gear blank as it rotates, forming the gear teeth. The cutting tool is fed into the rotating blank following a programmed path to generate the correct tooth profile and dimensions needed for the gear to mesh properly with a mating gear.
Mechanical press
This document discusses mechanical presses. It begins by defining a mechanical press as a machine that can perform cutting and non-cutting processes by applying force without removing chips from metallic or non-metallic sheets. It then outlines the main parts of a mechanical press, including the flywheel, clutch, brakes, driving mechanism, ram, and pitman. It classifies presses based on their power source, number of slides, and frame/construction. Finally, it states that mechanical presses are used for punching, stamping, forming, drawing, embossing, and bending operations in industries like automotive, aircraft, telecommunications, electrical appliances, and utensil making.
advantages of Hard chrome electroplating
Hard chrome electroplating involves applying a layer of chromium to a metal object through electroplating to provide benefits like reducing wear and damage from corrosion while increasing conductivity. The process starts with degreasing and cleaning the metal substrate before electroplating a hard chromium layer that is much more durable and provides superior hardness, lower friction, and improved anti-stick capabilities, making it suitable for applications involving drills, screws, taps and dies.
Drill machine
The document discusses a drill machine. It provides instructions for how to operate a drill machine safely and effectively. A drill machine is used to make holes in various materials like wood, metal, plastic and more. It allows users to control the speed and pressure applied for precise hole-making.
Properties of fluids
The document defines several key properties of fluids: density is defined as mass per unit volume and its SI unit is kg/m3; specific volume is the reciprocal of density and defined as volume per unit mass; specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to a standard fluid like water, and is unitless; and specific weight is defined as weight per unit volume and has an SI unit of N/m3. The document also provides examples that water has a density of 1000 kg/m3 and mercury has a density of 13600 kg/m3.
Lecture on quality
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Emissions in engines
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Zenith carburetor
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
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Blackodising process
- 1. Blackodising process (advantages, Applications) By Er. Rampal Singh Ojha
- 2. What is blackodising • Chemical Blacking is sometimes referred to as ‘Blackening’ or ‘Blackodising’and is a conversion coating meaning that where in other metal finishing processes a layer is added above the substrate, here a coating is achieved through a chemical reaction between the ferrous metal and the oxidising salts used in the black oxide coating.
- 3. Black oxide Process • Blackodising Corrosion Resistance is a conversion coating formed by a chemical reaction produced when parts are immersed in the alkaline aqueous salt solution operated at approximately 135º C. The reaction between the iron of the ferrous alloy and the hot oxide bath produces a magnitite (Fe3 O4) on the actual surface of the part
- 4. Advantages of blackodising/blackoxide • Minimal dimension change • Aesthetic Finish • No hydrogen brittlement • Corrosion resistant • Low cost
- 5. Applications • his makes it a popular process for a number of components including: Tool Parts, Jigs and Fixtures, Gears, Transmission Drives, Springs and much more.