The document discusses water and electrolytes in the human body. It covers the following key points:
1. Water makes up about 60% of the human body and plays many important roles, such as transporting nutrients and waste.
2. The body maintains water balance through fluid compartments - intracellular fluid within cells and extracellular fluid outside of cells such as blood plasma and interstitial fluid between cells.
3. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride are important for maintaining proper fluid balance and distribution between compartments through osmosis. Imbalances can cause health issues.
https://userupload.net/8mky0eijld91
An understanding of the physiology of body fluids is essential when considering appropriate fluid resuscitation and fluid replacement therapy in critically-ill patients. In healthy humans, the body is composed of approximately 60% water, distributed between intracellular and an extracellular compartments. The extracellular compartment is divided into intravascular, interstitial and transcellular compartments. The movement of fluids between the intravascular and interstitial compartments, is classically described as being governed by Starling forces, leading to a small net efflux of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial compartment. More recent evidence suggests that a model incorporating the effect of the endothelial glycoclayx layer, a web of glycoproteins and proteoglycans that are bound on the luminal side of the vascular endothelium, better explains the observed distribution of fluids. The movement of fluid to and from the intracellular compartment and the interstitial fluid compartment, is governed by the relative osmolarities of the two compartments. Body fluid status is governed by the difference between fluid inputs and outputs; fluid input is regulated by the thirst mechanism, with fluid outputs consisting of gastrointestinal, renal, and insensible losses. The regulation of intracellular fluid status is largely governed by the regulation of the interstitial fluid osmolarity, which is regulated by the secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland. The regulation of extracellular volume status is regulated by a complex neuro-endocrine mechanism, designed to regulate sodium in the extracellular fluid.
https://userupload.net/8mky0eijld91
An understanding of the physiology of body fluids is essential when considering appropriate fluid resuscitation and fluid replacement therapy in critically-ill patients. In healthy humans, the body is composed of approximately 60% water, distributed between intracellular and an extracellular compartments. The extracellular compartment is divided into intravascular, interstitial and transcellular compartments. The movement of fluids between the intravascular and interstitial compartments, is classically described as being governed by Starling forces, leading to a small net efflux of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial compartment. More recent evidence suggests that a model incorporating the effect of the endothelial glycoclayx layer, a web of glycoproteins and proteoglycans that are bound on the luminal side of the vascular endothelium, better explains the observed distribution of fluids. The movement of fluid to and from the intracellular compartment and the interstitial fluid compartment, is governed by the relative osmolarities of the two compartments. Body fluid status is governed by the difference between fluid inputs and outputs; fluid input is regulated by the thirst mechanism, with fluid outputs consisting of gastrointestinal, renal, and insensible losses. The regulation of intracellular fluid status is largely governed by the regulation of the interstitial fluid osmolarity, which is regulated by the secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland. The regulation of extracellular volume status is regulated by a complex neuro-endocrine mechanism, designed to regulate sodium in the extracellular fluid.
water and electrolyte balance and imbalance.pdfDhoofOfficial
The Importance Of water and Electrolyte Balance and Imbalance Our health To Maintenance Minerals and Fluid Balance inside and Outside The Cells It is Main Role of Health balanced.
This topic Prepare Dr Ibrahim And Thank About Suggesting to Prepared And To choose Lecture Water and Electrolyte balance and Imbalance
simple diagrammatic presentation of heme catabolism. highlighted the steps with explanation. Definition , causes, clinical features and biochemical investigation of various types of jaundice is explained in detail. congenital jaundice is included.
THIS SEMINAR GIVES THE BASIC OVERVIEW THAT HOW YOU CAN MANAGE THE PATIENT WHO COMES TO YOU A FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE . AND BASIC MECHANISM OF HOMEOSTASTIS
water and electrolyte balance and imbalance.pdfDhoofOfficial
The Importance Of water and Electrolyte Balance and Imbalance Our health To Maintenance Minerals and Fluid Balance inside and Outside The Cells It is Main Role of Health balanced.
This topic Prepare Dr Ibrahim And Thank About Suggesting to Prepared And To choose Lecture Water and Electrolyte balance and Imbalance
simple diagrammatic presentation of heme catabolism. highlighted the steps with explanation. Definition , causes, clinical features and biochemical investigation of various types of jaundice is explained in detail. congenital jaundice is included.
THIS SEMINAR GIVES THE BASIC OVERVIEW THAT HOW YOU CAN MANAGE THE PATIENT WHO COMES TO YOU A FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE . AND BASIC MECHANISM OF HOMEOSTASTIS
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7. LEWIS STRUCTURE OF A WATER MOLECULE • • • O H • H H • • + + H Covalent bond A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. • O O • • • • • • • • • • • • • H H The approximate shape and charge distribution of water.
13. Serves as a solvent for minerals, vitamins, amino acids glucose, and other small molecules.
14. Serves as a lubricant and cushion around joints.
15. Acts as a shock absorber(eyes, spinal column, amniotic sac)
16.
17. DAILY WATER BALANCE Daily Balance of Water Intake and Production in Sedentary Healthy Adults In a Temperate Climate At least 500 ml of urine per day is required just to excrete urea, creatinine, and other Solutes. Insensible losses from the skin and from the lungs can occur even when resting at normal room temperature.
18. FLUIDS COMPARTMENTS Fluid between the cells (intercellular or interstitial) Cell membrane Nucleus ICF Blood vessel
19. FLUIDS COMPARTMENTS Water occupies two main fluid compartments. Intracellular fluid (ICF) – about two thirds by volume, contained in cells Extracellular fluid (ECF) – consists of two major subdivisions Plasma – the fluid portion of the blood Interstitial fluid (IF) – fluid in spaces between cells Other ECF – lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eye humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and gastrointestinal secretions.
27. ELECTROLYTES Nucleus The major components of plasma, intestitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. Crosshatching refers to other or minor components. Pr- , anionic proteins.
28. WATER DISORDERS Dehydration (loss of water) Edema(accumulation of water) Atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling.
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30. DEHYDRATION Cells lose H2O to ECF by osmosis; cells shrink 3 ECF osmotic pressure rises 2 Excessive loss of H2O from ECF 1 Mechanism of dehydration
31. BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES Electrolytes are substances that become ions in solution and acquire the capacity to conduct electricity. Sodium. Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate Help keep fluids in proper compartments. -Intracellular water -Extracellular water