IR SPECTROSCOPY, INTRODUCTION, PRINCIPLE, THEORY, FATE OF ABSORBED RADIATION, FERMI RESONANCE, FINGERPRINT REGION, VIBRATIONS, FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION OF IR RADIATION, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIONS OF IR SPECTROSCOPY.
In this slide contains Interference In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and applications.
Presented by: Shaik Gouse ul azam. ( department of pharmaceutical analysis.)
RIPER, anantpur.
IR SPECTROSCOPY, INTRODUCTION, PRINCIPLE, THEORY, FATE OF ABSORBED RADIATION, FERMI RESONANCE, FINGERPRINT REGION, VIBRATIONS, FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION OF IR RADIATION, SAMPLING TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIONS OF IR SPECTROSCOPY.
In this slide contains Interference In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and applications.
Presented by: Shaik Gouse ul azam. ( department of pharmaceutical analysis.)
RIPER, anantpur.
a substance can absorb any visible light or external radiation and then again emit it. this called fluorescence and the process of reduction in fluorescence intensity is called quenching. this presentation is all about quenching of fluorescence.
It would be use full to All Needy People. It involve information about NMR Spectroscopy ( a spectroscopic techniques), factors influencing , proton NMR and their applications of NMR as well as Nuclear magnetic imaging.
This presentation include the detailed explanation of various parts of a UV-Visible spectrophotometer and two types of UV-Visible spectrophotometers-Single beam and Doube beam. It also include the comparison between single beam and double beam spectrophotometers.
a substance can absorb any visible light or external radiation and then again emit it. this called fluorescence and the process of reduction in fluorescence intensity is called quenching. this presentation is all about quenching of fluorescence.
It would be use full to All Needy People. It involve information about NMR Spectroscopy ( a spectroscopic techniques), factors influencing , proton NMR and their applications of NMR as well as Nuclear magnetic imaging.
This presentation include the detailed explanation of various parts of a UV-Visible spectrophotometer and two types of UV-Visible spectrophotometers-Single beam and Doube beam. It also include the comparison between single beam and double beam spectrophotometers.
The Cyclone Engine is built of three major components, the Steam Generator, Piston Block, and Condenser. The working fluid, deionized water, travels continuously through these three components. Beginning in the steam generator, moving into the pistons, then to the condenser, and finally pumped back into the steam generator.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Light absorption enhancement in extremely confined Ge nanostructures Salvo Mirabella
Invited talk at EMRS Spring conference, Lille, France.
How and to which extent quantum confinement affects the light absorption bandgap and efficiency in germanium quantum dots embedded in silica.
UV-visible spectroscopy is a fast analytical technique that measures the absorbance or transmittance of light. Although the UV wavelength ranges from 100–380 nm and the visible component goes up to 800 nm, most of the spectrophotometers have a working wavelength range between 200–1100 nm.
The practical range for UV-vis spectroscopy varies from 200–800 nm; above 800 nm is infrared, while below 200 nm is known as vacuum UV. The ability of matter to absorb and to emit light is what defines its color and the human eye is capable of differentiating up to 10 million unique colors. Light passes through media (transmission), reflects off both opaque and transparent surfaces, and is refracted by crystals. Covalently unsaturated compounds with electronic transition energy differences equivalent to the energy of the UV-visible light absorb at specific wavelengths. These compounds are known as chromophores and are responsible for their color. Covalently saturated groups that do not absorb UV-visible electromagnetic radiation but affect the absorption of chromophore groups are called auxochromes. When UV-vis radiation hits chromophores, electrons in the ground state jump to an excited state, which we refer to as electron-excitation, while auxochromes are electron-donating and have the capacity to affect the color of choromophores while they do not change color themselves. Water and alcohols are mostly transparent and do not absorb in the UV-vis range and so are excellent mediums for UV-visible spectroscopy. Acetone and dimethylformamide (DMF) are good solvents for compounds insoluble in water and alcohol, but they absorb light below 320 and 275 nm, respectively, so are appropriate only above these cut-off wavelengths.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF 3-DOF HUMAN LOWER LIMBSIJCI JOURNAL
Frequent and prolonged expose of human body to vibrations can induce back pain and physical disorder
and degeneration of tissue. The biomechanical model of human lower limbs are modeled as a three degree
of freedom linear spring-mass-damper system to estimate forces and frequencies. Then three degree of
freedom system was analysed using state space method to find natural frequency and mode shape. A
program was develop to solve simplified equations and results were plotted and discussed in detail. The
mass, stiffness and damping coefficient of various segments are taken from references. The optimal values
of the damping ratios of the body segments are estimated, for the three degrees of freedom model. At last
resonance frequencies are found to avoid expose of lower limbs to such environment for optimum comfort.
INDUCTIVE LEARNING OF COMPLEX FUZZY RELATIONijcseit
The objective of this paper to investigate the notion of complex fuzzy set in general view. In constraint to a
traditional fuzzy set, the membership function of the complex fuzzy set, the range from [0.1] extended to a
unit circle in the complex plane. In this article the comprehensive mathematical operations on the complex
fuzzy set are presented. The basic operation of complex fuzzy set such as union, intersection, complement
of complex fuzzy set and complex fuzzy relation are studied. Also vector aggregation and fuzzy relation
over the complex fuzzy set are discussed. Two novel operations of complement and projection for complex
fuzzy relation are introduced.
INDUCTIVE LEARNING OF COMPLEX FUZZY RELATIONijcseit
The objective of this paper to investigate the notion of complex fuzzy set in general view. In constraint to a traditional fuzzy set, the membership function of the complex fuzzy set, the range from [0.1] extended to a unit circle in the complex plane. In this article the comprehensive mathematical operations on the complex fuzzy set are presented. The basic operation of complex fuzzy set such as union, intersection, complement
of complex fuzzy set and complex fuzzy relation are studied. Also vector aggregation and fuzzy relation over the complex fuzzy set are discussed. Two novel operations of complement and projection for complex fuzzy relation are introduced.
Bending and free vibration analysis of isotropic and composite beamsSayan Batabyal
The report mainly deals with the bending and free vibration analysis of beams using Finite Element Analysis. Softwares like ANSYS has been used and related theory discussed alongwith.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BENDING LOSS BETWEEN DIFFERENT S-SHAPED WAVEGUIDE BENDS ...cscpconf
Bending loss in the waveguide as well as the leakage losses and absorption losses along with a comparative study among different types of S-shaped bend structures has been computed with
the help of a simple matrix method.This method needs simple 2×2 matrix multiplication. The
effective-index profile of the bended waveguide is then transformed to an equivalent straight
waveguide with the help of a suitable mapping technique and is partitioned into large number of thin sections of different refractive indices. The transfer matrix of the two adjacent layers will be a 2×2 matrix relating the field components in adjacent layers. The total transfer matrix is
obtained through multiplication of all these transfer matrices. The excitation efficiency of the
wave in the guiding layer shows a Lorentzian profile. The power attenuation coefficient of the
bent waveguide is the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of this peak .Now the transition losses and pure bending losses can be computed from these FWHM datas.The computation technique
is quite fast and it is applicable for any waveguide having different parameters and wavelength of light for both polarizations(TE and TM)
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. If material bodies are exposed to radiation, part of the incident radiation is absorbed, a
part is scattered and a part is transmitted. As a result of absorption the intensity of light
passing through material bodies, i.e. the intensity of transmitted light, decreases. The
fraction of incident light absorbed depends on the thickness of the absorbing medium.
Lambert derived a quantitative relationship between the decrease in intensity of a
monochromatic light due to the passage through a homogeneous medium of thickness dx
and the intensity of light I. This law is known as Lamberts law, and may be stated as
The decrease in intensity of light with thickness of the absorbing medium at
any point is directly proportional to the intensity of light.
Monochromatic
light
x
Incident beam
Intensity Io
Absorbing solution
concentration, c
Emergent beam
Intensity I
Thickness
3. Mathematically it can be expressed as
-
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
∝ 𝐼 --- --- --- --- --- --- (1)
Where dI is a small decrease in intensity of light upon passing through a
small distance dx and I is the intensity of the monochromatic light just before
entering the medium. Equation (1) may be written as
-
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎𝐼 --- --- --- --- --- --- (2)
Where -
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
is the rate of decrease of intensity with thickness dx , a is called
the absorption co-efficient. Integration of equation (2) after rearrangement
gives,
- ln I = ax+C --- --- --- --- --- --- (3)
Where C is a constant of integration. At x=0, I=Io. So, C = - ln Io. Introducing
this in equation (3) we get,
ln
I
Io
= - ax --- --- --- --- --- --- (4)
Equation (4) can also be written as,
I = Io 𝑒−𝑎𝑥
--- --- --- --- --- --- (5)
4. Equation (5) can also be written as,
log
I
Io
=
− a
2.303 x --- --- --- --- --- (6)
or, log
I
Io
= -a` x --- --- --- --- --- (7)
Where a` (=
a
2.303 ) is called extinction co-efficient and -ln
I
Io
is termed
absorbance of the medium. Absorbance is represented by A.
Lambert’s law was extended by beer who showed that when light passes
through a solution of a given thickness the fraction of incident light absorbed
is dependent not only on the intensity I of light but also on the concentration
c of the solution. This is known as the Beer’s law.
-
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
∝ 𝑐 --- --- --- --- --- --- (8)
The two laws may be combined to write
-
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
∝ 𝐼 × 𝑐
Or, -
𝑑𝐼
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑏 × 𝐼 × 𝑐 --- --- --- --- --- (9)
When the concentration, c, is expressed in mol /L, b is called the molar
absorption co-efficient.
5. As in the case of Lambert’s law equation (9) may be transformed into,
log
I
Io
=
− 𝑏
2.303 × 𝑐 × 𝑥 --- --- --- --- --- (10)
log
I
Io
= - ∈× 𝑐 × 𝑥 --- --- --- --- --- (11)
Where ∈ (=
𝑏
2.303 ) is called the molar extinction co-efficient which is
expressed in L/mol/cm. The molar extinction co-efficient ∈ is dependent on
the nature of the absorbing solute as well as on the wave length of the
incident light used.
The expression (equation 11) is commonly known as Beer-Lambert’s law.
Limitation of Beer-Lamber’s law:
• The electromagnetic radiation should be monochromatic.
• The light beam should not be scattered.
• The solution should be diluted.
6. Monochromatic
light
x
Incident beam
Intensity Io
Absorbing solution
concentration, c
Emergent beam
Intensity I
Thickness
Reference:
Principles of Physical Chemistry. Dr. Muhammad Mahbubul Huque and Dr.
Mohammad Yousuf Ali Mollah. Page no. (352-354).