HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES PPT (You should improve the info and quality of design)

1. Hydrocarbons Derivatives
JoséÁngelGarcía SánchezID:1722659
BrendaKarina Rangel ID:
Ivan Rigoberto IbarraRodriguezID:173407
AbrilAmeyal Loyola Nuño ID:1739803
IngridTatiana Serna MartínezID: 1738309
CHEMISTRY: Selected Topics | Stage #1 | Metacognition Activity | Group 408

2. MENU
Introduction
Generalities
Chemical Reaction
Daily-Life Applications and Examples
Bibliography

3. Introduction
The hydrocarbons
derivatives are formed
when one or more
Hydrogen atoms are
replaced by an
element or a groups
of elements other
than Hydrogen.
A functional
group is a
reactive group of
atoms (eg. –OH)
Due to the
reactivity of the
functional groups,
we can determine
the physical and
chemical
properties of
compounds.
We also
classify
compounds
based on
these groups.

4. Generalities

5. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF HALOALKANE: ALCOHOL FORMATION
It´s a substitution reaction where one alkyl halide react with a strong base:
FORMULA:
𝑅 + Na 𝑅 + Na
EXAMPLE:
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 + Na 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 + Na
Ethyl Alcohol
(alcohol)
Sodium
hydroxide (base)
Sodium chloride
(salt)
Ethyl chloride
(haloalkane)

6. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: OXIDATION PRIMARY
In oxidation, as we know, involves oxygen which is proportionated to a strong oxidant agent. In this case the
primary alcoholes are oxided to aldehydes and this oxidyze in order to créate carboxylic acids.
FORMULA:
EXAMPLE:
R CH OH + 𝐻2 𝑂R 𝐶𝐻2 OH + 𝑂2
Oxidant
Primary alcohol Aldehyde
𝐶𝐻3 CH O + 𝐻2 𝑂𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 OH + 𝑂2
Ethanol Ethanal
𝐶𝑢 at 250°
C
𝐶𝐻3 CH O + 𝑂2 𝐶𝐻3 COOH
Ethanal Acetic Acid
𝐾 𝑀𝑛 𝑂4

7. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: OXIDATION SECONDARY
In oxidation, as we know, involves oxygen which is proportionated to a strong oxidant agent.
In this case the secondary alcohol can oxidyze to ketones.
FORMULA:
R C R + 𝐻2 𝑂R 𝐶𝐻 R + 𝑂2
Secondary
alcohol
Ketone
OH O
𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7
EXAMPLE:

8. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS: ESTERIFICATION
In esterification, the alcoholes can react with carboxylic acids in a half hot acid, creating
esters, which have a sweet odor and are used in roder to synthetize fragances and fruits.
FORMULA:
EXAMPLES:

9. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: FERMENTATION
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into
an alcohol or an acid. For example, yeast perform fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol.
It´s the main method to produce alcohol
FORMULA:
NOTES ABOUT ALCOHOL REACTIONS:
1.- the most common oxidants are: Cooper (Cu), Chromo trioxid (Cr𝑂3), Potassium dichromat (𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2
𝑂7) and Potassium Permanganete (𝐾 𝑀𝑛 𝑂4)
2.- The tertiary level alcohls in fact do not really react to oxidize

10. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: OXIDATION
In oxidation, the aldehydes and ketones have the facility to be oxdized.
The aldehydes are oxidized wit facility even in soft or moderate conditions, giving as a product carboxylic acids, nor like ketones,
which can resist to oxidqation. Thish is because of the hydrogen of carbón from the carbonilic group of the aldehyde, which
ketones doesn´t have it. This hydrogen is lost during oxidation. In other words, ketones do not react to oxidation.
FORMULA:
EXAMPLES:
BOTH OF THEM ARE ALDEHYDES

11. Chemical Reaction
REACTION OF AMINES: ACID-BASE REACTION
In acid-base reaction, the acids and base react together in order to form water and a salt, the amines can do it to,
being acids and also act as a base. The amines, having some characteristics of bases, are considered organic
bases, by that they can react with acids in order to make salts.
EXAMPLE:

12. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Iodoethane (methyl idodide)
– Intermediate in the
manufacture of some
pharmaceuticals and
pesticides.
– Proposed uses of methyl iodide
are as a fire extinguisher
– Used as an insecticidal
fumigant.
Haloalkanes

13. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Ethanol
– Alcoholic drinks production
– Biofuel in cars
– As a solvent for perfumes
• Esters; ethyl propanoate (ethyl acetate)
– Artificial fruit essences and aroma
enhancers
– Artificial flavors for confectionery, ice
cream and cakes
– as a solvent in many applications
(including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for
varnishes and paints (nail varnish remover)
– manufacture of printing inks and perfumes.
Alcohols

14. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Methanal (formaldehyde)
– Its largest application is in the
production of certain polymeric
materials: adhesives and
coatings.
– It is used in tanning, preserving,
and embalming and as a
germicide, fungicide and
insecticide for plants and
vegetables.
Aldehydes

15. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Propanone (acetone)
– the most common use of acetone is as the active
ingredient in nail polish remover.
– As a solvent for many different materials, such
as plastics or other man-made, petroleum-based
substances.
– As an additive in makeup and some kinds of
food. In particular it can be found in bread where
it helps to mature and bleach flour.
– As an additive to the gasoline in their cars. The
chemical's dissolving power seems to come in
handy cleaning off engine buildup, allowing the
vehicles to run more smoothly.
Ketones

16. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Methanoic acid (formic acid)
– Used in the production of leather.
– Used in textile and rubber industries.
– Because of its natural antibacterial
properties is used in antibacterial
preservative and pesticide and food
additives-
Countries such as Austria and
Switzerland. These countries, which fight
bitter winters and very dangerous roads,
are now using formates, which are the
salts that are derived from formic acid
(increase the gripping ability).
Carboxylic acids

17. Daily-Life Applications and Examples
• Amines; 1-aminopropane
(propylamine)
– The main applications can be
found in the production of
agricultural chemicals a well
known fungicide)
– Used in active pharmaceutical
ingredients
Amines

18. Bibliography
Clark, Jim. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amines/base.html. 2004. 01 de 02 de 2016.
Martinez Javier, Morales Guadalupe, Tehuitzitl Felipe, Rodriguez Maria. Temas Selectos de Quimica. Mexico D.F.:
UANL, 2015.
Wade, Leory G. http://www.britannica.com/science/ether-chemical-compound. 24 de 07 de 2015. 01 de 02 de 2016.
• Acidpedia. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb. 4, 2016, from Formic acid: http://acidpedia.org/formic_acid/
• BASF. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb. 4, 2016, from http://product-finder.basf.com/group/corporate/product-
finder/en/brand/PROPYLAMINE
• Britannica. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Aldehydes: http://www.britannica.com/science/aldehyde/Uses-of-
aldehydes
• CHM. (n.d.). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Ethyl Acetate: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ethylacetate/ethylv.htm
• EHOW. (s.f.). Recuperado el 4 de Feb de 2016, de Common Uses of Chemical Acetone:
http://www.ehow.com/info_8625436_common-uses-chemical-acetone.html
• EPA. (2015, September 9). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Mathyl Iodine:
http://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/methylio.html
• GCSesscience. (2015). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Uses of Ethanol: http://www.gcsescience.com/o43.htm