This slide is for the student of Textile Engineering of initial stage of knitting of fabric formation. prepared by Matiur,Mesbah, Amzad, Shakil, Rifat & tuhin

1. Welcome
to our
Presentation

2. Members Name & ID :
Md Matiur Rahman (133-23-3661)
Amzad Ali (133-23-3643)
Mesbahul Haque (133-23-3636)
Tuhinuzzaman Shovon (133-23-3--)
Shahriar Shakil (133-23-3644)
Rifat Ibn Razzak (133-23-3657)
Sec: A, L1T3
Daffodil International University
Prepared by:
Matiur,Amzad,Mesba,
Tuhin, Shakil & Rifat

4. knitting
The term knitting describes the technique of
constructing textile structures by forming a
continuous length into vertically intermeshed loops.
1.
2.

5. Knitting
Knitting is the second most
important method of fabric
formation.
• It is a needle technique by which
loops are formed to make a fabric
or garment.
• Fabric can be formed by hand or
machine knitting , but the basic
principle remains exactly the same
i.e. pulling a new loop through
the old loop.

6. At a glance History of Knitting
The word knitting is derived from the Sanskrit word Nahyati or
someone says it derived from “cnyttan”. According to the textile
history, it is said that finger knitting started since 1000 BC. It had been
proven that Romans, Egyptians used knit productss from that time.
Hand knitting with 2 pins was practiced since 256 AD. The knitted
fabrics were prepared with the help of 2 pins.
During 1509-1547, Third Henry was the first British monarch to wear
fine knitted silk. Queen Elizabeth said that she wore them about 1561
(BC) and she was so impressed by their elasticity and fineness.

7. At a glance History of Knitting
Reverent William lee, in 1589 invented the first knitting machine with
bearded needle. The gauge of the machine was 8npi and afterwards it
was made up to 20npi. The machine had a potential of knitting 10
times more than hand knitting with two pins.
In the 18th century , rib knitting machine, warp knitting machines
and circular knitting frame was invented
In the 19th century, latch needle, compound needle, fashioning
mechanism, seamless heal and toe, flat knitting machine,
interlock knitting were invented all over the world.
In the 20th century, double cylinder circular machine, electronic
needle selection, reliant principle, Piz electronic jacquard etc
were invented

8. Distinguish between woven and knits
Woven Knits
Two types of threads are used One type of thread is used
Long process Short process
Yarn movement is restricted Yarn movement is not restricted
Strong fabric Weaker fabric
Less comfortable More comfortable
Wrinkles easily Highly crease resistant
Ironing is necessary Requires no ironing
Garment weaving not possible Garment knitting is possible
Thinner fabric Thicker fabric
Less extensible More extensible
Cutting waste cannot be reduced Cutting waste can be minimized
Stable fabric Less stable fabric

9. Types of Knits:

10. Warp Knitting
In a warp knitting
structure each loop
in the horizontal
direction is made
from different
thread. Sweater is
made by this warp
knitting techniques.

11. Weft Knitting
In a weft knitting
structure a horizontal
row of loops can be
made using one thread
and the thread runs in
the horizontal
direction. Most of the
knitting fabric are
produced by weft
knitting

12. DIFFERENCE

13. Single Jersey or Plain fabric
 A fabric in which the knitted loops are the same sort and
meshed in the same manner.
 Single jersey is the simplest to knit and it can be produced
either on circular or flat machines by means of one set of
needles which draw their loops to only one side of the fabric.
 The fabric has one appearance on the face side and a different
one on the reverse. The side on which the straight parts of the
stitches appear in V formation is called the face side and the
reverse side has twin rows of opposed semi circles.

14. Properties Of Single Jersey
Simplest knit structure.
Face side smooth and sheen.
Back side rough and dull.
Lighter fabric.
Economical.
Easily ravels at both the ends.
Highly extensible in length and width.
Laddering is very common in these fabric.

15. Purl Fabric
Purl fabric is produced by drawing face
and reverse loops at alternate courses,
where odd number of courses have all
reverse loops and even number of
courses have all face loops.
It can be done on either flat or circular
machine.
Several purl structures can be produced
by arranging the face and reverse loops
in different orders.

16. Properties Of Purl
Both sides of the fabric are similar in
appearance to the reverse side of the
single jersey fabric
Ravels from both ends
Twice the thickness of the plain
jersey
Rate of production is low
Almost equal extensibility in length
and width
Most suitable for children’s
garments, blankets shawls and scarf
etc.

17. Rib Fabric
• A fabric in which both back
and face loops occur along the
course, but all the loops
contained with in any wale are
of the same types
• A rib structure implies a
knitted fabric with face and
back loops occurring in the
same courses but not in the
same wale
• Rib fabric can be produced on
V – bed machine and footwear
machine.

18. Properties Of Rib
Double Face or Reversible fabric
Similar cord appearance in each side
Thicker and heavier fabric
Ravels only at end knitted last
Lies flat without curl
Excellent width way elasticity
Form fitting.

19. Interlock Fabric Interlock is the name given to a double faced rib based structure
containing of two rib fabrics interlocked together.
The production of interlock fabric needs two needle beds, having long
and short needles arranged alternately on both the beds.
Two feeders are required to knit a single repeat of interlock and also
cam systems are arranged accordingly.

20. Properties Of Interlock
Both sides of the fabric have an appearance like
face side of the single jersey fabric. It is a
reversible fabric as rib one.
The structure do nor curl at edges when laid flat
on surface
Horizontal and vertical stripes can be produced
by using coloured yarns
The fabric ravels only from the end knitted last
The rate of production is low.

21. Feature of interlock circular
knitting machine
In interlock circular knitting
machine, there are two needle
bed. One set of needles are
mounted on a vertical cylinder
& other set of needles are
mounted on horizontal dial.
The cylinder and dial needles
are interlock of gaiting (the dial
needles are face to face between
the cylinder needles).
Both cylinder & dial needle bed
should have two types of needle
(short & long needles).
Generally needle gauge is 20.

22. Main parts of interlock circular knitting machine:
1. Positive feeder.
2. Tooth belt/ Timing belt.
3. Driving wheel.
4. On/Off key.
5. Knot catcher.
6. Tensioner & magnet.
7. Storeer /Supplier.
8. Feeder.
9. Cylinder.
10 . Dial.
11. Cylinder needle.
12. Dial needle.
13. Cylinder cam.
14. Dial cam.
15. Spreader.
16. Take down roller.
17. Batch roller/Cloth roller.
-

23. ● Advantages:
Interlock
• Used for under garments
• Highly flexible fabric
• Soft hand feel
• Can adopt any body shape

24. Feature of rib circular knitting
machine
In rib circular knitting machine,
there are two needle bed. One
set of needles are mounted on a
vertical cylinder & other set of
needles are mounted on
horizontal dial.
The cylinder and dial needles
are rib of gaiting (the dial
needles are midway between
the cylinder needles).
Both cylinder & dial needle bed
should have two types of needle
(short & long needles).
Generally needle gauge is 18.

25. Machine parts:
• Yarn career
• Break stop motion
• Yarn guides
• Dial
• Cylinder
• Dial cams
• Cylinder cams
• Dial needles
• Cylinder needles
• Oiling and air following devices
• Sensors
• Take up rollers
• Batch rollers
• Motor
• Belts
• Pulleys and gears
• Clutches

26. Knitting action:
1. Clearing: The cylinder and dial needles move out to clear the plain and rib
loops formed in the previous cycle.
2. Yarn feeding: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the
old loops are covered by the open latches and the new yarn is fed into the open hooks.
3. Knocking Over: The needles are withdrawn into their tricks so that the old
loops are cast off and new loops are drawn through them.

27. Rib
● Advantages:
More strength
For grip purposes
Used at neck, arm opening, waist band
Always heavier than main fabric

28. Thanks
to everyone to hear us with
patience