Knitting is a method of fabric formation that involves interlocking loops of yarn. There are two main types of knitting - weft and warp. Weft knitting forms loops across the width of the fabric using a single yarn, while warp knitting forms loops along the length using multiple yarns. Common weft knits include plain, purl, rib, and interlock stitches which are used to make various garments and textiles. Warp knits like tricot and raschel are produced more quickly on specialized machines and can incorporate diverse yarn types and complex structures. Knitted fabrics have different properties depending on factors like stitch type, yarn used, and intended application.

1. welcome
Formation and properties of knitted structures and
types of knitting machines
loop
Weft knitting

2. .
What is knitting and knit fabric?01Education
Plan
WEFT KNITTING02
WARP KNITTING03
.
Applications And End-Uses04

3. .
• Knitting is a method by
which thread or yarn is used
to create a cloth.
• Knitted fabric consists of a
number of consecutive rows
of loops, called stitches.
• As each row progresses, a
new loop is pulled through
an existing loop.
• The active stitches are held
on a needle until another
loop can be passed through
them.
What is knitting and knit fabric?

4. .
•This process eventually
results in a fabric, often used
for blankets or garments.
•Fabrics made from only one
set of yarns, all running in
the same direction. Some
knits have their yarns
running along the length of
the fabric, while others have
their yarns running across
the width of the fabric.
•Knit fabrics are held together
by looping the yarns around
each other.
What is knitting and knit fabric?

5. Eng.mostafa mahmoud
Simply stated, knitting is the inter
looping of yarns to form a textile
structure.
There are two classifications of
knits – weft and warp.
Weft formations have yarns which
are knit across the width of the
fabric while warp formations have
yarns being knitted along the
length of the fabric

7. Weft knitting:
Weft knitting is a method of fabric
forming in which loops are formed
in a horizontal way from a single
yarn & intermeshing of loops takes
place in a circular & flat from on
across wise basis.

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Warp knitting is a method of
fabric forming in which the loops
are formed in a vertical way along
the length of fabric from each
warp yarn & intermeshing of
loops takes place in a flat from of
length wise basis.
Warp knitting:

9. WEFT KNITTING
Weft knitted fabrics curl
up at the edges when they
are cut.
Weft or filling knits is
the most common
type used to produce
textile knitted
products.
Weft knitted fabrics curl
up at the edges when
they are cut.
The loops of yarn trap
air which retains body
heat to keep us warm.
.
the fabrics can
lose shape
easily.
Weft knits are
constructed from one
yarn which is fed into a
knitting machine in a
horizontal direction.
The fabric has high
elasticity and stretch.

10. Classification of weft knitting machine
• According to the frame design &
needle bed arrangement.
• Circular knitting machine
• Flat knitting machine

11. Classification of weft knitting machine
• According to the no. of needle
bed.
• Single jersey circular knitting
machine
• Double jersey circular knitting
machine

12. Classification of weft knitting machine
• According to the basic structure of the weft
knitting
• Plan or single jersey circular knitting machine
• Purl or link-link flat or circular knitting machine
• Rib flat or circular knitting machine
• Interlock flat or circular knitting machine
Brand Origin
Orizio Italy
Fukahama Taiwan
Terrot Germany
Teinyang Taiwan
Well Knit Taiwan
Fukahara Japan
Mayer & cie Germany
Hanma China
Hupter Taiwan
Jiunn long Taiwan
Masa Taiwan
Dong ho Taiwan
Jinhar Taiwan
Pailung Taiwan
Lisky Taiwan
Tayo Taiwan
Zentex Singapore

13. BASIC STITCH
SINGLE JERSEY STITCH
• Plain jersey fabric is the
simplest weft knitted
structure.
• Jersey knits have flat
vertical lines on the front
and dominant horizontal
ribs on the back of the
fabric.

14. SINGLE JERSEY
STITCH
End-uses
Used form making
hosiery and
pantyhose.
Characteristics
Tend to run or ladder
if stitch breaks .
End-uses
Used for making sweaters,
terry robes, t-shirts, men’s
underwear and dresses. Also
used for making fully fashion
garments..
End-uses
Also used for making
fully fashion garments..
.
Characteristics
Stretch crosswise and
lengthwise, stretches
more in the crosswise.
Characteristics
Fabric less stable and
curls when cut..

15. BASIC STITCH
PURL STITCH
• A simple purl fabric looks
like the back of jersey
knit on the both side of
the fabric.
• Purl fabrics are made on
knitting machines called
purl knit machines or
links-or links machines.

16. PURL STITCH
End-uses
Used for making
sweaters and
scarves.
Characteristics
Good stretch in all
direction but stretches out
of shape easily.
.
End-uses
Used for making infant
and children’s wear.
End-uses
Used for doing fancy
garment parts.
Characteristics
The production process
of purl knit is slow. Both
side similar appearance
Characteristics
Thicker than jersey knits
and does not curl on edges

17. BASIC STITCH
RIB STITCH
• Rib fabric is a double jersey knitted
fabric with vertical rows (wales) of
loops.
• Simplest rib fabric is 1 x 1 rib
having alternate wales knitted to
the front and back.
• The ribs tend to close up to create
a double faced fabric, which has
the same appearance on both
sides.
• Rib knits fabrics are produced with
the knitting machines having two
sets of needle, normally positioned
at rights angle to each other.

19. RIB STITCH
End-uses
Used for doing bottom
edges of sweaters
Characteristics
More elastic and more
thicker than jersey knits.
End-uses
Used for making Collars
and cuffs and necklines.
.
End-uses
Used for making double
knits jackets, knit hats and
men’s hosier
.
Characteristics
Its reversible fabric
More stretch crosswise than
length.
Characteristics
More expensive to produce

20. BASIC STITCH
INTERLOCK STITCH
• Interlock stitch knits
are variations in rib
stitch knits.
• Interlock is produce on
a cylinder and dial
circular weft knitting
machine, with alternate
long and short needles
opposite to each other
on cylinder and dial.

22. INTERLOCK STITCH
End-uses
Used for doing bottom
edges of sweaters
Characteristics
It is a good insulator..
End-uses
Used for making Skirt,
blouses and t-shirts.
End-uses
Used as an outwear
fabric for making
dresses..
Characteristics
It is a reversible fabric.
Costlier fabric .
Characteristics
. It is heavier and thicker as
compare to rib and it does
not curl at the edges

23. WARP KNITTING
The production system is
fast so the fabrics are
quick to make.
It is mainly used with
synthetic filament yarns.
Higher production
rates than for weaving
A low stress rate on
the yarn that facilitates
careful handling of
fibres such as glass,
aramide and carbon
(particularly when
using weft-insertion
techniques).
A wide variety of
fabric constructions
Large working widths.
The fabric is elastic
but it can keep its
shape.
.

24. Classification of WARP knitting
machine
• There are two types of warp knitting
machines – Tricot or Raschel.
• The Tricot machine makes fabrics
that are less complicated, finer in
gauge and more rapidly produced)
,while the Raschel machine has the
ability to make more complex
structures , but it is slower in
production speed
Raschel warp knitting machine
Tricot warp knitting machine

25. • Infographic Style
Raschel knits are produced
from spun or filament
yarns of different weights
and types.
Made out of conventional
or novelty yarns which
allows for interesting
textures and designs to be
created.
It is coarser than other
warp knit fabrics
Used for making lace
fabric and trimmings.
Tricot is very common fabric
for making lingerie
The right side of the fabric
has fine lengthwise ribs while
the reverse has
crosswise ribs.
.
A soft and 'drapey' texture
with some lengthwise
stretch and almost no
crosswise stretch.
.
Tricot fabric is soft, wrinkle
resistant.
Tricot Knits Raschel Knits

26. • Infographic Style
It is made from two sets of
yarn knitted diagonally, which
results in the face fabric
having a fine vertical rib and
the reverse having a diagonal
structure.
Milanese fabric is superior to
tricot in smoothness, elasticity,
regularity of structure & friction
resistance
It is stronger, more stable,
smoother and more expensive
than tricot.
Stitch-Bonding is a special form of warp
knitting and is commonly used for the
production of composite materials and
technical textiles.
The advantages of includes its
high productivity rate and the
scope it offers for functional
design of textiles, such as fiber-
reinforced plastics
.Fabrics produced with this process
offer the potential of using
“sensitive fiber materials such as
glass and carbon with only little
damage, non-crimp fiber orientation
and variable distance between
threads”.
Being used in fields as wind energy
generation and aviation.
.
Stitch-Bonding Knits Milanese Knits

27. • Infographic StyleStitch-Bonding Knits Milanese Knits

28. Warp knitting can
be used in different
application areas
(Automotive,
Geotextiles
, construction and
components of bed,
Building, Filtration,
Sports , Safety and
Protection……)
.
Applications
And End-Uses

29. WEFT KNITTING WARP KNITTING
Plain, rib, interlock, purl Tricot, raschel, milanese, crochet etc.
Loops are produced along the width of fabric Loops are produced along the length of fabric
Less production speed More production speed
Not necessarily each needle has its own thread Each needle has its own thread
Yarn is supplied from a cone held on creel Yarn is supplied from a beam
Knitting process can be done from a single yarn
Large number of yarns are required for knitting a
fabric
Staple yarn is preferable but filament is also used
Filament yarns are preferable but staple yarns are
also used
Less preparatory processes are required More preparatory processes are required
Less variety of structure can be made Wide variety of structure can be made
Fabric has less aesthetic value Fabric has more aesthetic value
Fabric has good stretch ability in both directions,
higher in width direction
Fabric has low stretch ability in both directions,
higher in width direction
Dimension stability of fabrics is lower Dimension stability of fabrics is higher
Machines may be flat or circular Warp knitting machines are generally flat
Width wise more elastic Length wise more elastic
More shrinkage AND Easy snagging Less shrinkage AND Less snagging
Conclusion

30. Presented by
• Textile engineer
• Teaching Assistant in spinning waving and knitting
department applied arts helwan university
Email :eidomostafaa@gmail.com
Face book : https://www.facebook.com/mostafa.mohmoud.758
What's app :01154995545
eng.Mostafa Mahmoud Eid
Work Experience

31. Thank You
Formation and properties of knitted structures and
types of knitting machines
loop
Weft knitting