This document provides an introduction to knitting. It defines knitting as a process of interlooping yarns to form a fabric using knitting needles. Knitting can be done by hand or machine. There are two primary types of knitting: weft knitting and warp knitting, which are classified based on the direction of yarn movement during fabrication. Weft knitting forms loops across the width, while warp knitting forms vertical loops. Tricot and raschel machines are the main types of warp knitting machines. Knitted fabrics have properties like stretch, softness, and bulk which make them suitable for applications like sportswear, casual wear, and technical textiles.

1. Presented By :
Name : Eng: Sadam Hussain
Roll No : F16TE05
Department : Textile Engineering

2. Introduction to
knitting
• Knitting is a process of manufacturing a
fabric by inter looping of yarns.
• Knitting is the second most important
method of fabric formation.
• It can be defined as a needle technique of
fabric formation, in which, with the help
of knitting needles , loops are formed to
make a fabric or garment.
• Fabric can be formed by hand or machine
knitting , but the basic principle remains
exactly the same i.e. pulling a new loop
through the old loop.
• Knitted Fabric are popular for their shape
fitting property, soft handle, bulkier
nature and high extension at low tension.

4. Classification of knitting
Knitting is primarily
classified as weft knitting
and warp knitting.
This classification is
based on the direction of
movement of yarn with
respect to the direction
of fabric formation.

5. Weft
Knitting
In weft knitting, the
loops are formed
across width of the
fabric.
Each weft thread is
fed , more or less at
right angles to the
direction in which the
fabric is produced.
In this method the
fabric is produced by
simple up and down
movement of the
needles , which is
produced by the
profile of cam system.
The knitting cams are
the devices which
convert the rotary
machine drive into a
suitable reciprocating
motion of the needle.

7. Warp Knitting
• Second major category of knit fabrics
• Characterized by vertical loops
• More resistant to laddering than weft knits
• Usually done on flat knitting machine

9. Two main type of warp knitting machine
Tricot Raschel

10. Tricot Knit Fabric
Tricot knits are made almost exclusively
from filament yarns because uniform
diameter and high quality are essential
yarn characteristics for use with the very
high-speed tricot knitting machines.
Fabrics constructed by the tricot knitting
machine are usually plain or have a
simple geometric design. The front
surface of the fabric has clearly defined
vertical wales, and the back surface has
crosswise courses.
Raschel Knit Fabric
Raschel knits are produced from spun or
filament yarns of different weights and
types. Most raschel knits can be
identified by their intricate designs, the
open-space look of crochet or lace, and
an almost three-dimensional surface
effect design.

11. Trioct fabric Raschel fabric

12. Needle loop
Basic unit of
knitted structure.
• Consists of a
head (H) and two
side limbs or legs
(L).
• At the base of
each leg is a foot
(F), which meshes
through the head
of the loop formed
at the previous
knitting cycle
• The yarn passes
from the foot of
one loop into the
foot and leg of the
next loop formed
by it.

14. Application of knitted fabric
Sportswear(conformity,
flexibility)
• Casual wear (comfort) • Dress wear
• Technical textiles
application

15. Advantage of
knitted fabric
• Fabric can be produced from minimum number
of yarns, even only one yarn
• Loop size can be varied to a wide extent and
that too very easily.
• The extensibility and stability of the knitted
fabric can be engineered • Wastage of yarn
during conversion of yarn into fabric by knitting is
negligible.

16. • The desired porosity or compactness of the
fabric can be achieved easily.
•The extensibility and stability of the knitted
fabric can be engineered