This document provides an overview of basic neuroanatomy, including: - Gross anatomy sections on gyri, sulci, fissures, grey and white matter, and fiber tracts. - Descriptions of the cerebral cortex as the outer wrinkled surface, with neocortex as the outer layer and cortical layers and functional divisions. - The limbic system participates in emotion, learning, and memory, and includes structures like the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala. - Other areas discussed include the basal ganglia, ventricles, diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, midbrain, pons

2. Basic Neuroanatomy

3. Chapter 3

4. The Human
Brain Book
Rita Cater

5. Microanatomy
Gross Anatomy
Neurological Function

6. Microanatomy
and Histology

18. Brodmann Areas
cytoarchitectonic map of the brain

21. Gross Anatomy

23. Gyri
protruding rounded surfaces

25. Sulci
shallow furrows / folds / grooves

27. Fissures
deep furrows / clefts / grooves

29. Grey Matter
forms a cortical sheath
around white matter
composed of cell bodies
of neurons and glia

30. White Matter
composed mostly of
glia and myelinated axons

32. Fiber Tracts
bundles of axons

33. Commissure
a cross-hemispheric
white matter tract

35. Cerebral Cortex
outermost sheet of neural tissue
of the cerebrum
“...the bulging wrinkled surface...
commonly known as the grey matter...”

37. Neocortex
outer layer of the cerebral cortex
90% of the cerebral cortex

38. Cortical Layers
spatial levels of
neuronal organization

41. Functional Divisions
of the Cerebral Cortex

43. Cortical Topography

50. Limbic System
cingulate gyrus
hypothalamus
anterior thalamic nuclei
hippocampus
amygdala

52. Limbic System
“...participates in
emotional processing,
learning, and memory.”

53. Nuclei
“...discrete collections
of the cell bodies of neurons...
‘islands’ of gray matter...”

55. Basal Ganglia
(Basal Nuclei)
putamen
caudate nuclei
globus pallidus
subthalamic nuclei
substantia nigra

57. Basal Ganglia
“...help ensure that
physical movements
are smooth and coordinated.”

59. Ventricles
produce and contain
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

60. CSF
buoyancy, protection
and chemical stability

61. Diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus

63. Thalamus
“gateway to the cortex”

64. Hypothalamus
controls functions necessary for
maintenance of homeostasis
involved in emotional processes
and control of the pituitary gland

66. The Brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla

67. Midbrain
visuomotor functions
visual reflexes
auditory relays
motor coordination

70. Medulla
monitoring and controlling of
breathing, heartbeat
and blood pressure
controlling vomiting, sneezing,
swallowing and coughing

72. The Cerebellum
integrates information
about the body
and motor commands,
ultimately resulting in
coordinated movement

74. The As If
Principle
Richard Wiseman