Intro to Networks for LUCID

Mike Pabian
Graduate School of Education

Philosophical Foundations
Identity and Personality
Authenticity and Vulnerability
Conformity and Bystander Intervention
Power and Whistleblowing

How do we move from the individual
and group level to larger collectives?

Albert Liau
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Origamist
Extraordinaire

Brian Chan

Hari as
Johnathan Gold
in Randall Park’s

“The Food”

HariKondabolu.com
“Manoj”
by Hari Kondabolu

“The Food”
by Randall Park

Email
from Brian Chan

Phil

Ted

Wesley Chan
Brian Chan

Albert

Randall Park

Brian Chan

Albert

Hari Kondabolu
Randall Park

Brian Chan

Albert

Hari Kondabolu

David Kong
(Kongo Beatbox)

Boston Progress
Arts Collective
Albert

Hari Kondabolu

David Kong
(Kongo Beatbox)

Boston Progress
Arts Collective

Kit Yan
(Good Asian Drivers)

Albert

Franny Choi
Dillan DiGiovanni
LUCID

Hari Kondabolu
Michael Cera
Randall Park
“Knives Chow”

David Kong
(Kongo Beatbox)

Brian Chan

David Choi

Boston Progress
Arts Collective

Kit Yan

Albert

Franny Choi
Dillan DiGiovanni
LUCID
technology
exchange
lab

Hari Kondabolu
Michael Cera
Randall Park
“Knives Chow”

David Kong
(Kongo Beatbox)

Brian Chan

David Choi

Jen Lin
Boston Progress
Arts Collective

Monique Morimoto

Albert

David Morimoto
LUCID
technology
exchange
lab

Liv Cummins

BCNC

Kit Yan

Franny Choi
Dillan DiGiovanni
Rachel Carbonara

Degree of Separation
how far away other nodes are

degree of separation

T
N
K

S
G

O

first-degree
connection

second-degree
connection

E
third-degree
connection

To figure out
how a disease is spreading,
look for hubs.

With Bird Flu, 'Right Now, Anything Is
Possible'
by RICHARD KNOX
April 19, 2013

5:36 AM

Listen to the Story
Morning Edition

4 min 22 sec

i
ChinaFotoPress/Getty Images

An international dream team of flu experts assembled in China
today.
Underscoring the urgency that public health agencies feel about the
emergence of a new kind of bird flu, the team is headed by Dr. Keiji
Fukuda, the World Health Organization's top influenza scientist.
Before he left Geneva, Fukuda explained the wide-open nature of

Weak ties have high value as
multipliers of our attention capacity,
and as a source of tips
for good shopping deals, job possibilities,
and dating partners. —Dr. Daniel Goleman

The Bucket Brigade
Linear
Mutual ties

Photo from FEMA

(flow in both directions)

The Telephone Tree
Information is directional (inbound and outbound ties)
Reduces number of steps
Creates cascade effect

The Military Squad
Tightly interconnected groups
Two-way tie between all members of squad
Squad is more intra-connected
than inter-connected with other squads

Terms
A Social Network: consists of all the connections and ties within
a group or collection of groups

A group is a collection of individuals defined by a common
attribute (it need not contain information about connections)

Sociograms
who is connected to whom

Activism Goes Online
You might think increased discussion would bring us politically
closer but this map of political blogs in America shows otherwise.

Online social networks appear to be strongly homophilous and
polarized.

The structure of a network
determines its behavior.

David Morimoto
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Ritualized warfare of Baseball?
1934: American baseball visits Japan
1935: Japanese baseball visits the US

December 7, 1941: Japan bombs
Pearl Harbor
1954: ‘Jap soldier marries nurse’: Boston
Sunday Post front page, a few years after
the US nuked Japan

2003 Red Sox sign a baseball

‘stay with your self’
(through the widening circles of belonging)

Emergence: a fundamental property of
Complex Systems
• System: ‘to hold together’
• Whole >> sum of parts (network interactions)
• Cells, individuals, ideas, social groups, Homo
sapiens, ecosystems, Earth (Gaia)

Labeling: as fundamental to humans as
Tribalism
• Cliques, tribes, teams, religions, cultures…
• Emergent identity at the group level
(self-other discrimination)

Collective dynamics of
‘small-world’ networks
Duncan J. Watts* & Steven H. Strogatz
Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Kimball Hall,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Nature, 393: 440-442 (1998).

SMALL WORLD NETWORKS:
• Every node is connected
to every other node, but mostly indirectly
• Few nodes are highly connected
• Low average path length
• High clustering (substructure)
• Seem to be ubiquitous in nature, a
Unifying principle

Table 1. Empirical examples of smallworld networks
Lactual Cactual
Film actors
3.65
0.79
Power grid
18.7
0.080
C. elegans
2.65
0.28
Social systems, brains, power grids!
Terrorist networks, metabolic networks,
food webs (ecosystem networks)!
Science publication co-authorship,
board memberships, rap musicians!
The Internet!

Why are SWNs ubiquitous?
The Nature of disturbance/flow (Uncertainty): It’s similar across
scales and systems, like SWNs!! Mass extinctions, earthquakes,
fires, stock market crashes, Internet attacks, traffic flow
patterns, etc. all exhibit ‘self-organized criticality’ evidenced by
power laws. (Many more small than large disturbances or flows)

SWNs (across scales and systems) persist in the face of
Uncertainty (across scales and systems): emergent identity, robust to
disturbance

Cells (with Metabolic Networks),
Tissues and organs
(Neural Networks),

and Individuals
in Society
(Social Networks)

all emerge and persist
(identity) due to
Collective SWN
Dynamics…

as do the Ecosystems of which we are
part (with all of their creatures).
SWN ubiquity across scales and
systems reveals a collective Nature,

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_embedded&v=l7A
WnfFRc7g

a larger planetary whole, and a
unifying context for our drive to belong,
and for our empathy and courage.

Oneself
(written on my son Justin’s 10th birthday)

Apart

and a
Part

of
Everything

an
Other

with
every
Thing

from
one
Another

one

lf

Ourselves

Se

our Selves

Intro to Networks for LUCID

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