Cns bs2
•Download as PPT, PDF•
6 likes•2,391 views
The document summarizes key aspects of the central nervous system. It describes the protective structures of the brain including the cranium, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It then outlines the four main regions of the brain - cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum - and provides details about their structures and functions. The spinal cord is also briefly discussed.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Hip dysplasia imaging .
Ultrasonic evaluation of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) involves two key assessments: I) morphology assessment using Graf angles to evaluate acetabular shape and II) stability assessment using a dynamic examination to evaluate hip movement and subluxation under stress. Performing the examination properly requires obtaining specific sonographic views of the hip anatomy and applying stress in flexion positions to fully assess morphology and instability.
Pediatric hip radiology
This document discusses radiological imaging of pediatric hip conditions. It begins by defining developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as abnormal development of the ball and socket hip joint. Risk factors, clinical features, and imaging findings for DDH are described. Plain radiographs and ultrasound are the main imaging modalities used to evaluate DDH. Hip septic arthritis is also covered, with pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging discussed to differentiate it from transient synovitis. MRI is useful to detect bone marrow signal changes and enhancement patterns that can distinguish between pyogenic and tuberculous septic arthritis.
Spinal cord
the gross structure of spinal cord, the transverse section of spinal cord , grey and white matter, dorsal root ganglion, formation of spinal nerve, conus medullaris, filum terminal, cauda equana, meningeal layer covering spinal cord, nuclei of anterior horn of gray mater, cell bodies of posterior horn of gray mater, tracts of white matter of spinal cord, ascending and descending tract of spinal cord,
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the temporo mandibular joint and ...
The document summarizes the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 3 sentences:
The TMJ is a synovial joint between the mandible and temporal bone that allows complex jaw movements. It contains articular discs that glide over the mandibular condyles and fossa and are surrounded by a joint capsule. The TMJ has multiple ligaments and is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve while its blood supply comes from branches of the external carotid artery.
Embryology of the Craniovertebral Junction
The craniovertebral junction develops from somites that differentiate into sclerotomes around the notochord. The central pivot includes the dens, C2 vertebral body, and basiocciput. It is surrounded by the foramen magnum and atlantal rings. The proatlas, from the 4th occipital sclerotome, is important in development. Ossification of C2 occurs in three phases, with fusion completing by age 16-18. Abnormalities can result in instability or neural compression and include segmentation errors, assimilation, or developmental disorders affecting metabolism or inflammation.
Os odontoideum
1) Os Odontoideum is a congenital anomaly where the odontoid process is separated from the body of C2 as a separate ossicle with no bony connection. It can be asymptomatic or cause neck pain and myelopathy.
2) Management depends on symptoms and degree of instability on imaging. Conservative treatment is used if asymptomatic with no instability. Surgical options include anterior release and posterior fusion or resection of the ossicle with fusion.
3) The document describes the embryology, classification, clinical features, imaging, and various surgical management strategies for Os Odontoideum including anterior and posterior releasing techniques and resection with fusion. Case examples are also presented.
Craniovertebral junction cvj embryology
The anatomy of the craniovertebral junction and its relation to the blood vessels and nerves and ligaments
Imaging of spinal dysraphism
1. Spinal dysraphisms are congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord. They result from abnormalities during embryological development, particularly during the stages of neurulation.
2. They are classified as open or closed spinal dysraphisms. Open dysraphisms involve exposure of neural tissue through the skin, while closed dysraphisms involve a skin-covered mass or lipoma.
3. Common types include myelomeningocele (most common open type), lipomyelocele, and lipomyelomeningocele (closed types with lipomas). They can cause varying degrees of neurological impairment depending on location and severity.
Recommended
Hip dysplasia imaging .
Ultrasonic evaluation of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) involves two key assessments: I) morphology assessment using Graf angles to evaluate acetabular shape and II) stability assessment using a dynamic examination to evaluate hip movement and subluxation under stress. Performing the examination properly requires obtaining specific sonographic views of the hip anatomy and applying stress in flexion positions to fully assess morphology and instability.
Pediatric hip radiology
This document discusses radiological imaging of pediatric hip conditions. It begins by defining developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as abnormal development of the ball and socket hip joint. Risk factors, clinical features, and imaging findings for DDH are described. Plain radiographs and ultrasound are the main imaging modalities used to evaluate DDH. Hip septic arthritis is also covered, with pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging discussed to differentiate it from transient synovitis. MRI is useful to detect bone marrow signal changes and enhancement patterns that can distinguish between pyogenic and tuberculous septic arthritis.
Spinal cord
the gross structure of spinal cord, the transverse section of spinal cord , grey and white matter, dorsal root ganglion, formation of spinal nerve, conus medullaris, filum terminal, cauda equana, meningeal layer covering spinal cord, nuclei of anterior horn of gray mater, cell bodies of posterior horn of gray mater, tracts of white matter of spinal cord, ascending and descending tract of spinal cord,
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the temporo mandibular joint and ...
The document summarizes the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 3 sentences:
The TMJ is a synovial joint between the mandible and temporal bone that allows complex jaw movements. It contains articular discs that glide over the mandibular condyles and fossa and are surrounded by a joint capsule. The TMJ has multiple ligaments and is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve while its blood supply comes from branches of the external carotid artery.
Embryology of the Craniovertebral Junction
The craniovertebral junction develops from somites that differentiate into sclerotomes around the notochord. The central pivot includes the dens, C2 vertebral body, and basiocciput. It is surrounded by the foramen magnum and atlantal rings. The proatlas, from the 4th occipital sclerotome, is important in development. Ossification of C2 occurs in three phases, with fusion completing by age 16-18. Abnormalities can result in instability or neural compression and include segmentation errors, assimilation, or developmental disorders affecting metabolism or inflammation.
Os odontoideum
1) Os Odontoideum is a congenital anomaly where the odontoid process is separated from the body of C2 as a separate ossicle with no bony connection. It can be asymptomatic or cause neck pain and myelopathy.
2) Management depends on symptoms and degree of instability on imaging. Conservative treatment is used if asymptomatic with no instability. Surgical options include anterior release and posterior fusion or resection of the ossicle with fusion.
3) The document describes the embryology, classification, clinical features, imaging, and various surgical management strategies for Os Odontoideum including anterior and posterior releasing techniques and resection with fusion. Case examples are also presented.
Craniovertebral junction cvj embryology
The anatomy of the craniovertebral junction and its relation to the blood vessels and nerves and ligaments
Imaging of spinal dysraphism
1. Spinal dysraphisms are congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord. They result from abnormalities during embryological development, particularly during the stages of neurulation.
2. They are classified as open or closed spinal dysraphisms. Open dysraphisms involve exposure of neural tissue through the skin, while closed dysraphisms involve a skin-covered mass or lipoma.
3. Common types include myelomeningocele (most common open type), lipomyelocele, and lipomyelomeningocele (closed types with lipomas). They can cause varying degrees of neurological impairment depending on location and severity.
Neurointervention in hemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke
This document discusses recent advances in neurointerventional treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. It summarizes treatments for aneurysms, carotid artery stenosis, intracranial atherosclerosis, and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Endovascular coiling is now the primary treatment for aneurysms in over 90% of cases. For carotid artery stenosis, stenting and endarterectomy are considered equivalent treatment options. Mechanical thrombectomy devices have improved recanalization rates for large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone. A multidisciplinary team approach including neurointervention, neurosurgery, and neurocritical care is emphasized.
Patello femoral joint - MRI
1) The patellofemoral joint is complex with requirements for normal function dependent on the congruent relationship between the patella and trochlear groove. Developmental or acquired alterations to the joint surface geometry are associated with patellar instability, chondromalacia patella, and anterior knee pain.
2) Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta (high riding patella), and excessive lateralization of the tibial tuberosity are the most important factors predisposing to patellar instability. Trochlear dysplasia can be classified into types A through D based on the shape of the trochlear groove.
3) Measurements of the patella, tro
Neurosonogram.. Dr.Padmesh
This document provides an overview of performing and interpreting a neurosonogram or cranial ultrasound. It describes the scanning planes and landmarks visualized. Key findings that can be identified include lateral ventricle size, cavum septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, brainstem, and choroid plexus. Grading scales are provided for periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage. Doppler measurements of blood flow velocities are also described. The document serves as a guide for systematically scanning the brain and identifying both normal anatomy and common abnormalities on cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants.
Radiological anatomy of the Head and Neck
Identifying the bones and their parts forming the skeleton of the head & neck and the paranasal air sinuses in radiographs
Ct pelvis and its pathologies
CT imaging of the pelvis can detect various pathologies that affect the bones and joints. Congenital abnormalities like developmental dysplasia of the hip result from abnormal hip laxity in infants and may lead to hip subluxation or dislocation in later life. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease of the hip characterized by osteophyte formation and joint space narrowing. Tuberculosis can infect the hip joint hematogenously and lead to synovial swelling, bone necrosis, and sequestrum formation. Common pelvic fractures include acetabular fractures classified by the Harris system and sacral fractures divided into zones. Benign bone tumors of the pelvis comprise lesions like osteoid osteoma
Spinal dysraphism
This document discusses spinal dysraphism, which refers to congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord resulting from incomplete closure of tissues during embryonic development. It describes the normal embryological development of the spinal cord and the various types of spinal dysraphism, including open dysraphisms like myelomeningocele and closed dysraphisms with and without subcutaneous masses. Specific conditions are defined, like lipomyelomeningocele versus lipomyelocele, and imaging features of each type of dysraphism are provided with examples. Chiari malformations that can be associated with open dysraphisms are also reviewed.
Congenital neck mass radiology pk final
Congenital neck mass radiology pk final is very good power point presentation for radiologist, radiology resident, student and even ent surgeon or resident doctor.. Every disease of neck lesion is properly describe with multi usg, ct and MRI images. this will help a lot. thanks.
SPOTTERS IN NEUROLOGY
By Dr. Piyush Ojha, DM Resident, GMC Kota
under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Vijay Sardana (HOD, Neurology)
Intranodal magnetic resonance lymphangiography
The document discusses dynamic contrast intranodal magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL). It begins by describing the lymphatic system and its role in fluid balance, immunity, and waste removal. DCMRL involves cannulating lymph nodes and injecting contrast, which is then tracked through lymphatic vessels using MRI. Applications include assessing chylothorax, chyloperitoneum, protein losing enteropathy, and lymphatic malformations. DCMRL provides high resolution dynamic imaging of lymphatic flow and leakage, aiding diagnosis and treatment planning for various lymphatic disorders.
Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria
This radiology note describes the MR findings and characteristics of pachygyria, polymicrogyria, and lissencephaly. Pachygyria appears as broad, flattened gyri with a thickened cortex, while polymicrogyria has an irregular cortex with too many small gyri. Lissencephaly type 1 results in a smooth brain surface with few or no sulci. These conditions often occur together and are frequently associated with other brain abnormalities like ventriculomegaly or cerebellar hypoplasia. Potential causes include genetic mutations, metabolic disorders, infections, and ischemia.
Functional anatomy of cortical areas
The document discusses the functional anatomy of cortical areas in the brain. It describes how the cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, which are separated by fissures. The major lobes and cortical areas are identified, including motor, sensory, and association areas. Specific regions are described such as the primary motor cortex, Broca's area, primary somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory cortices, and prefrontal cortex. The functions of these areas and disorders resulting from lesions are summarized. Lateralization of language and other cognitive functions between the left and right hemispheres is also covered.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of leigh disease.
Radiological imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and monitoring Leigh disease.
Leigh disease is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that typically presents in infants and leads to death in childhood. MRI is commonly used and shows characteristic symmetrical lesions in areas like the brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Over time, the lesions enlarge and involve more areas of the brain. Spectroscopy may reveal elevated lactate levels. The patterns of involvement on imaging can help confirm a diagnosis of Leigh disease.
Neuronal migration disorders
this presentation discusses the definition, aetiology , pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria m types of Neuronal migration disorders
I.Corpus callosum agenesis.
II.Lissencephaly.
III.Polymicrogyria
IV.Heterotopias.
V. Schizencephaly
VI.Focal cortical dysplasias.
Trauma Image Interpretation of the Pelvis and Hip Radiographs: Using ABCS
An informative presentation describing basics of image interpretation for the Pelvis and Proximal Hip by utilising ABCS; a step-by-step method described by Otto Chan's book entitled ABC to Emergency Radiology. This presentation includes local and external image examples of traumatic abnormalities of the pelvis and hip. Radiographers, Nurses and Emergency Doctors may find this useful to enhance their image interpretation skills. This presentation was developed for a In-service CPD session in 2013. Questions and/or feedback are welcome by email: abigheadache [at] gmail.com
Radiological anatomy & Techniques of the Ventricular system
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
Nervous system and mechanism of pain sensation
summary of nervous system, including peripheral nervous system and central nervous system, a brief on nerve anatomy and functioning,gate control theory, mechanism of dental pain
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of rediolucent lesions of bones.
This document provides information on radiolucent bone lesions, including giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), unicameral bone cyst (UBC), eosinophilic granuloma (EG), and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF). It describes the clinical features, locations, radiographic findings, and imaging appearances of each condition. Key radiographic findings include lytic and expansile lesions with thin or thick sclerotic rims and internal trabeculations. MRI is useful for evaluating soft tissue extension and detecting fluid-fluid levels in ABC.
Thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty [autosaved]
1. Thigh pain is a potential complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) that can range from mild to debilitating.
2. The most common causes of thigh pain are instability of the femoral stem from poor fixation and distal stress transfer due to a tight diaphyseal fit with a large distal stem diameter.
3. Factors that can reduce thigh pain include choosing a well-designed stem for stable fixation, sufficient porous coating and HA coating, as well as precise implantation technique.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of slipped femoral capital epiphysis.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip condition in adolescents where the femoral head slides out of position from the femoral neck. It typically presents with hip or knee pain and can cause leg length discrepancies. Radiographs are used to diagnose SCFE by looking for signs of physis widening and femoral head displacement. More advanced imaging like CT, MRI, and ultrasound can provide additional details but radiographs remain the primary imaging method used. Left untreated, SCFE can lead to long term deformities and osteoarthritis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Inner Ear
This document discusses MR imaging of the inner ear. It begins with the embryology and anatomy of the external, middle, and inner ear. It describes the development of the membranous labyrinth from the otic placode and vesicle. Cross-sectional anatomy of the inner ear on MRI is shown, including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and internal auditory canal. The document recommends an MRI protocol for inner ear imaging using 3D CISS sequences to evaluate structures surrounded by fluid like the 7th-8th nerve complex. MRI is useful for sensorineural hearing loss evaluation while CT is better for conductive hearing loss.
Cns 2
The nervous system has two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes nerves and sensory receptors outside the CNS. Nervous tissue contains two main cell types - neurons, which conduct electrical signals, and neuroglia, which provide support and insulation. Neurons have a cell body and dendrites that receive signals and an axon that conducts signals to other neurons.
Chapt14 lecture (4)
This document provides an overview of the brain and cranial nerves. It begins by introducing the topic and expected learning outcomes. It then describes the major anatomical landmarks of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It discusses the locations of gray and white matter in the brain. Finally, it covers the embryonic development of the central nervous system and how this relates to adult brain anatomy.
More Related Content
What's hot
Neurointervention in hemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke
This document discusses recent advances in neurointerventional treatment of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. It summarizes treatments for aneurysms, carotid artery stenosis, intracranial atherosclerosis, and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Endovascular coiling is now the primary treatment for aneurysms in over 90% of cases. For carotid artery stenosis, stenting and endarterectomy are considered equivalent treatment options. Mechanical thrombectomy devices have improved recanalization rates for large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone. A multidisciplinary team approach including neurointervention, neurosurgery, and neurocritical care is emphasized.
Patello femoral joint - MRI
1) The patellofemoral joint is complex with requirements for normal function dependent on the congruent relationship between the patella and trochlear groove. Developmental or acquired alterations to the joint surface geometry are associated with patellar instability, chondromalacia patella, and anterior knee pain.
2) Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta (high riding patella), and excessive lateralization of the tibial tuberosity are the most important factors predisposing to patellar instability. Trochlear dysplasia can be classified into types A through D based on the shape of the trochlear groove.
3) Measurements of the patella, tro
Neurosonogram.. Dr.Padmesh
This document provides an overview of performing and interpreting a neurosonogram or cranial ultrasound. It describes the scanning planes and landmarks visualized. Key findings that can be identified include lateral ventricle size, cavum septum pellucidum, corpus callosum, brainstem, and choroid plexus. Grading scales are provided for periventricular leukomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage. Doppler measurements of blood flow velocities are also described. The document serves as a guide for systematically scanning the brain and identifying both normal anatomy and common abnormalities on cranial ultrasound in neonates and infants.
Radiological anatomy of the Head and Neck
Identifying the bones and their parts forming the skeleton of the head & neck and the paranasal air sinuses in radiographs
Ct pelvis and its pathologies
CT imaging of the pelvis can detect various pathologies that affect the bones and joints. Congenital abnormalities like developmental dysplasia of the hip result from abnormal hip laxity in infants and may lead to hip subluxation or dislocation in later life. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease of the hip characterized by osteophyte formation and joint space narrowing. Tuberculosis can infect the hip joint hematogenously and lead to synovial swelling, bone necrosis, and sequestrum formation. Common pelvic fractures include acetabular fractures classified by the Harris system and sacral fractures divided into zones. Benign bone tumors of the pelvis comprise lesions like osteoid osteoma
Spinal dysraphism
This document discusses spinal dysraphism, which refers to congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord resulting from incomplete closure of tissues during embryonic development. It describes the normal embryological development of the spinal cord and the various types of spinal dysraphism, including open dysraphisms like myelomeningocele and closed dysraphisms with and without subcutaneous masses. Specific conditions are defined, like lipomyelomeningocele versus lipomyelocele, and imaging features of each type of dysraphism are provided with examples. Chiari malformations that can be associated with open dysraphisms are also reviewed.
Congenital neck mass radiology pk final
Congenital neck mass radiology pk final is very good power point presentation for radiologist, radiology resident, student and even ent surgeon or resident doctor.. Every disease of neck lesion is properly describe with multi usg, ct and MRI images. this will help a lot. thanks.
SPOTTERS IN NEUROLOGY
By Dr. Piyush Ojha, DM Resident, GMC Kota
under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Vijay Sardana (HOD, Neurology)
Intranodal magnetic resonance lymphangiography
The document discusses dynamic contrast intranodal magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL). It begins by describing the lymphatic system and its role in fluid balance, immunity, and waste removal. DCMRL involves cannulating lymph nodes and injecting contrast, which is then tracked through lymphatic vessels using MRI. Applications include assessing chylothorax, chyloperitoneum, protein losing enteropathy, and lymphatic malformations. DCMRL provides high resolution dynamic imaging of lymphatic flow and leakage, aiding diagnosis and treatment planning for various lymphatic disorders.
Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria
This radiology note describes the MR findings and characteristics of pachygyria, polymicrogyria, and lissencephaly. Pachygyria appears as broad, flattened gyri with a thickened cortex, while polymicrogyria has an irregular cortex with too many small gyri. Lissencephaly type 1 results in a smooth brain surface with few or no sulci. These conditions often occur together and are frequently associated with other brain abnormalities like ventriculomegaly or cerebellar hypoplasia. Potential causes include genetic mutations, metabolic disorders, infections, and ischemia.
Functional anatomy of cortical areas
The document discusses the functional anatomy of cortical areas in the brain. It describes how the cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres, which are separated by fissures. The major lobes and cortical areas are identified, including motor, sensory, and association areas. Specific regions are described such as the primary motor cortex, Broca's area, primary somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory cortices, and prefrontal cortex. The functions of these areas and disorders resulting from lesions are summarized. Lateralization of language and other cognitive functions between the left and right hemispheres is also covered.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of leigh disease.
Radiological imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and monitoring Leigh disease.
Leigh disease is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that typically presents in infants and leads to death in childhood. MRI is commonly used and shows characteristic symmetrical lesions in areas like the brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus. Over time, the lesions enlarge and involve more areas of the brain. Spectroscopy may reveal elevated lactate levels. The patterns of involvement on imaging can help confirm a diagnosis of Leigh disease.
Neuronal migration disorders
this presentation discusses the definition, aetiology , pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria m types of Neuronal migration disorders
I.Corpus callosum agenesis.
II.Lissencephaly.
III.Polymicrogyria
IV.Heterotopias.
V. Schizencephaly
VI.Focal cortical dysplasias.
Trauma Image Interpretation of the Pelvis and Hip Radiographs: Using ABCS
An informative presentation describing basics of image interpretation for the Pelvis and Proximal Hip by utilising ABCS; a step-by-step method described by Otto Chan's book entitled ABC to Emergency Radiology. This presentation includes local and external image examples of traumatic abnormalities of the pelvis and hip. Radiographers, Nurses and Emergency Doctors may find this useful to enhance their image interpretation skills. This presentation was developed for a In-service CPD session in 2013. Questions and/or feedback are welcome by email: abigheadache [at] gmail.com
Radiological anatomy & Techniques of the Ventricular system
This document provides information on the ventricular system of the brain. It describes the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. It discusses the relations, choroid plexuses, and radiological appearance of each part of the ventricular system. Radiological features on plain X-rays, CT, and MRI are also summarized.
Nervous system and mechanism of pain sensation
summary of nervous system, including peripheral nervous system and central nervous system, a brief on nerve anatomy and functioning,gate control theory, mechanism of dental pain
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of rediolucent lesions of bones.
This document provides information on radiolucent bone lesions, including giant cell tumor of bone (GCT), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), unicameral bone cyst (UBC), eosinophilic granuloma (EG), and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF). It describes the clinical features, locations, radiographic findings, and imaging appearances of each condition. Key radiographic findings include lytic and expansile lesions with thin or thick sclerotic rims and internal trabeculations. MRI is useful for evaluating soft tissue extension and detecting fluid-fluid levels in ABC.
Thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty [autosaved]
1. Thigh pain is a potential complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) that can range from mild to debilitating.
2. The most common causes of thigh pain are instability of the femoral stem from poor fixation and distal stress transfer due to a tight diaphyseal fit with a large distal stem diameter.
3. Factors that can reduce thigh pain include choosing a well-designed stem for stable fixation, sufficient porous coating and HA coating, as well as precise implantation technique.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of slipped femoral capital epiphysis.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip condition in adolescents where the femoral head slides out of position from the femoral neck. It typically presents with hip or knee pain and can cause leg length discrepancies. Radiographs are used to diagnose SCFE by looking for signs of physis widening and femoral head displacement. More advanced imaging like CT, MRI, and ultrasound can provide additional details but radiographs remain the primary imaging method used. Left untreated, SCFE can lead to long term deformities and osteoarthritis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Inner Ear
This document discusses MR imaging of the inner ear. It begins with the embryology and anatomy of the external, middle, and inner ear. It describes the development of the membranous labyrinth from the otic placode and vesicle. Cross-sectional anatomy of the inner ear on MRI is shown, including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and internal auditory canal. The document recommends an MRI protocol for inner ear imaging using 3D CISS sequences to evaluate structures surrounded by fluid like the 7th-8th nerve complex. MRI is useful for sensorineural hearing loss evaluation while CT is better for conductive hearing loss.
What's hot (20)
Neurointervention in hemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke
Neurointervention in hemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke
Presentation1, radiological imaging of leigh disease.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of leigh disease.
Trauma Image Interpretation of the Pelvis and Hip Radiographs: Using ABCS
Trauma Image Interpretation of the Pelvis and Hip Radiographs: Using ABCS
Radiological anatomy & Techniques of the Ventricular system
Radiological anatomy & Techniques of the Ventricular system
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of rediolucent lesions of bones.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of rediolucent lesions of bones.
Thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty [autosaved]
Thigh pain after total hip arthroplasty [autosaved]
Presentation1, radiological imaging of slipped femoral capital epiphysis.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of slipped femoral capital epiphysis.
Viewers also liked
Cns 2
The nervous system has two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes nerves and sensory receptors outside the CNS. Nervous tissue contains two main cell types - neurons, which conduct electrical signals, and neuroglia, which provide support and insulation. Neurons have a cell body and dendrites that receive signals and an axon that conducts signals to other neurons.
Chapt14 lecture (4)
This document provides an overview of the brain and cranial nerves. It begins by introducing the topic and expected learning outcomes. It then describes the major anatomical landmarks of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It discusses the locations of gray and white matter in the brain. Finally, it covers the embryonic development of the central nervous system and how this relates to adult brain anatomy.
Physiology of sleep and E.E.G for undergraduates
This document discusses the physiology of sleep and EEG waves. It begins by defining sleep and coma, then outlines the objectives and functions of sleep. The mechanisms of sleep are explored, including theories about what causes sleep onset. The four main EEG wave types - alpha, beta, theta, and delta - are defined. The two types of sleep, NREM and REM, are described along with the sleep cycle and stages. Common sleep disorders and basic sleep hygiene recommendations are also summarized.
Cerebral cortex
The document discusses the structure and function of the cerebral cortex. It describes the six layers of the cortex and notes that sensory input arrives in layer 4 while output signals leave through layers 5 and 6. It then discusses functional areas like association areas and specific areas for tasks like face recognition. The document also covers cerebral dominance, lesions in different hemispheres, language areas and disorders, memory classification and the role of the hippocampus in memory storage.
spina bifida
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect where the vertebrae do not fully close around the spinal cord. It can cause neurological problems depending on the location and severity. The main types are spina bifida occulta (mildest), meningocele (dura protrusion), and myelomeningocele (spinal cord protrusion). Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach including orthotics, surgery to address foot/spine issues, and management of associated conditions like hydrocephalus. The goal of orthopedic management is to achieve a stable, plantigrade position through bracing and surgery when needed.
Functional Areas of Our Brain
The study of the functional areas of our brain is important to understand the functions of left and right segments. Right brain activation is essential to be more creative
Thyroid gland anatomy
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes extend from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the 6th tracheal ring and lie against the C5-T1 vertebrae. The thyroid gland contains follicular cells that secrete the hormones T3 and T4 and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and lymphatic drainage is to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Neck triangles anatomy
The document describes the anatomy of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck. It details the bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other structures found in each triangle. Key structures mentioned include the cervical vertebrae, carotid artery, thyroid gland, larynx, and various nerves such as the hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerves. The triangles described are the submandibular, submental and carotid triangles located in the anterior neck region.
Spinal cord lesions module
The patient is unable to stand or walk because he is unable to move or bear weight on his right leg. On examination:
- Strength is normal in the left leg but there is weakness of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in the right leg.
- Reflexes are normal in the left leg but hyperreflexic in the right leg.
- Sensation to light touch, pinprick and temperature are intact throughout.
- There is spasticity in the right leg.
Damage to what system(s) is causing this patient’s problems?
Lesion of the right lateral corticospinal tract at approximately L2.
The findings are consistent with an
Viewers also liked (9)
Similar to Cns bs2
Central Nervous system CNS
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is protected by three layers of tissue called meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid. It contains four interconnected ventricles that produce cerebrospinal fluid. The brain is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain contains the cerebrum and limbic system. The cerebrum is made up of grey matter and white matter and is involved in voluntary movement and complex functions. The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and body and contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Anatomy of the Cerebrum
The document provides an overview of cerebrum anatomy. It discusses that the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres. It describes the lobes of the cerebrum including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. It also discusses the internal structures of the cerebrum including the cerebral cortex, ventricles, basal ganglia, and white matter tracts.
Control and coordination
control system in humans, neurons, types of neurons, nerves, human nervous system, CNS, PNS, ANS, Brain, parts of brain, spinal cord, functions of spinal cord, reflex arc, PNS, ANS,
Anatomy of the brain
The document provides an overview of the main anatomical divisions and structures of the human brain. It discusses that the brain can be divided into three main divisions - the forebrain (cerebrum), midbrain, and hindbrain. The cerebrum is the largest part and can be further divided into four lobes. The brain stem connects the forebrain and hindbrain and contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla. The cerebellum is located beneath the tentorium cerebelli and coordinates muscle movements and balance.
NERVOUS_SYSTEM.pptx
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives and integrates sensory information and coordinates voluntary and involuntary motor activity. It is protected by three layers of meninges and nourished by a network of blood vessels. The peripheral nervous system comprises the cranial and spinal nerves along with their ganglia and sensory receptors throughout the body. It is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Brain ppt.pptx
The brain is the central organ of the nervous system and controls many body functions. It is made up of several parts including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is divided into left and right hemispheres and is responsible for higher functions like thinking. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, while the brain stem regulates vital functions like breathing. The brain contains specialized areas for functions like sensory processing, memory, and emotions. Diseases can damage parts of the brain and disrupt related functions.
Brain strom
The document discusses various topics related to the central nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and brain stem. It provides information on the following:
- The brain is the most complex organ containing billions of neurons.
- The brain stem consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The medulla and pons contain nuclei that relay signals and control autonomic functions. The midbrain is involved in eye movement, hearing, and posture.
- The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance by comparing motor input and output and relaying adjustments to the cortex through the red nucleus.
- Other parts of the central nervous system discussed include the hypothalamus, th
Cns Presentatio
The nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons that communicate with each other and other cells. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consisting of nerves linking the body to the CNS. The brain is protected by membranes and bone and has four main regions - the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls intellectual functions, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination, and the diencephalons relay sensory information and regulate body functions. Cerebrospinal fluid cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord. Blood circulates to the brain through arteries and veins, protected by the blood
The brain
The hippocampus is located deep in the brain and plays an important role in memory formation and spatial navigation. It is involved in fear conditioning and damage to the hippocampus has been linked to anxiety disorders like PTSD. The hippocampus contains anxiety cells that respond to unfamiliar places, and suppressing these cells reduces anxiety in mice. CBD may help reduce activity in the amygdala and aid signaling in the endocannabinoid system involving the hippocampus to help treat anxiety symptoms.
Brain and cranial nerves
The document discusses the structure and function of the human brain. It describes the brain's four major regions - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres and five lobes. The brain is associated with 12 pairs of cranial nerves. The document outlines the brain's organization into gray matter and white matter and discusses structures that support and protect the brain like the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier. It provides details on the cerebrum's functional areas including motor, sensory, and association areas.
Brainstem Physiology
The midbrain connects the brainstem to the forebrain and cerebellum. It consists of the tectum and cerebral peduncles. The tectum contains the superior and inferior colliculi, which are involved in visual and auditory reflexes. The cerebral peduncles contain the substantia nigra and red nucleus. The red nucleus receives input from the motor cortex and dentate nucleus, and sends outputs to control muscle tone, complex movements, righting reflexes, and eye movements.
section 4, chapter 11: brainstem
The diencephalon is located in the center of the brain and contains structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. The thalamus relays sensory signals to the cortex. The hypothalamus regulates body functions like temperature and hunger. The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The cerebellum coordinates movement and is connected to other areas by cerebellar peduncles.
Neural control and coordination ppt presentation class 11 biology ncert based
1. The document provides information about neural control and coordination from the NCERT biology textbook. It describes the structure and function of the nervous system, including neurons, nerve impulses, and reflex actions.
2. Key parts of the central nervous system like the brain, spinal cord, and various brain regions are defined. The processes of vision and hearing are also summarized.
3. Coordination between different body systems like the neural and endocrine systems is explained. Sensory receptors and effector organs are described in the context of reflex arcs.
Neuroanatomy (Chapter 7)
The document describes the major anatomical reference points and divisions of the nervous system. It discusses the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. Within the central nervous system, it outlines the main regions including the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and covers the structures and functions of areas like the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and cerebellum.
Nervous system ppt
this presentation covers basic anatomy and physiology of brain, with detailed information about microscopic structures that make up the CNS.
Kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
The brain is a highly organized organ that weighs approximately 1.4 kilograms. It contains around 100 billion neurons and is protected by the skull and meninges. The brain is made up of three main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thought and memory. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls involuntary functions essential for life.
Brainstem
The brainstem is the posterior part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The midbrain is situated between the cerebrum and pons and connects the cerebrum to lower parts of the brain and spinal cord. The pons is below the midbrain and above the medulla; it contains nuclei that relay signals between the forebrain and cerebellum related to functions like sleep, respiration, and eye movement. The medulla is continuous with the spinal cord and contains nuclei that regulate involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Abnormalities in the brainstem can cause issues with vision, hearing, sensation
Brain and cranial nerves
The document discusses the brain and cranial nerves. It provides details on:
- The four major regions of the brain - cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum.
- The organization of brain tissue into gray and white matter.
- Structures that protect and support the brain, including the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier.
- Functional areas of the cerebrum including motor, sensory, and association areas and their locations within the brain's lobes.
Ch11 eoc
The document describes the structure and function of the central nervous system. It discusses the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the ventricles and circulation of CSF. The spinal cord and its ascending and descending tracts are described. Reflex arcs and specific reflexes like withdrawal are explained. The document then covers the structure and function of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and their components. Memory, hemispheric dominance and other higher cognitive functions are also summarized.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Salivary glands
Origin: Medulla oblongata
Opening to the skull: Jugular foramen
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
Component: Mixed
Function:
Motor: Muscles of larynx
Sensory: Larynx, trachea, pharynx,
tongue
Parasympathetic: Bronchial tree,
heart
Origin: Medulla oblongata
Opening to the skull: Jugular foramen
VAGUS NERVE
Component: Motor
Function:
Similar to Cns bs2 (20)
Neural control and coordination ppt presentation class 11 biology ncert based
Neural control and coordination ppt presentation class 11 biology ncert based
More from Abay Alem
The endocrine system2
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
- The endocrine system involves glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate distant target tissues.
- Hormones act via negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis and are released in response to stimuli like changes in bodily fluids or neural/hormonal signals.
- Hormones can be categorized by their structure (peptides, steroids, etc.), method of signaling (classical vs paracrine vs autocrine), and their interactions which can include agonism, antagonism, permissiveness and synergism.
- Major glands discussed include the hypothalamus/pituitary axis, thyroid, parathyroids
Sss5
The document summarizes the key structures and functions of the special senses - photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors. It describes the anatomy and physiology of the eye, ear, olfactory epithelium, and taste buds. Light is detected by rods and cones in the retina and sound waves are detected by hair cells in the cochlea. Odorants activate olfactory cells and different chemicals stimulate gustatory cells to detect the basic tastes.
Cns bss
The document summarizes key aspects of the central nervous system. It describes the protective structures of the brain including the cranium, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It then outlines the major regions of the brain - cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum - and provides details about their structure and function. It also discusses the spinal cord, its protective coverings, gray and white matter structure, and ascending and descending tracts.
Ch 13 the peripheral nervous system and nervous activity
This document contains a list of figures and tables related to the peripheral nervous system and reflex activity from Lecture 13. There is no other text content, just a long list of figure and table references.
Muscles 2
The document describes the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It then focuses on skeletal muscle, discussing the connective tissue wrappings that make up the organ, and the different patterns of fascicle arrangement including parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular muscles. It provides details on the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers, including myofibrils, myofilaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and calcium ion role in contraction.
Skeletal system
The document summarizes key aspects of the skeletal system. It describes the two types of bone tissue as compact bone and spongy bone. It explains the structure of long bones as having an epiphysis, diaphysis and medullary cavity. There are two types of ossification - intramembranous which forms flat bones, and endochondral which forms most other bones from hyaline cartilage models. Postnatal bone growth occurs through longitudinal growth at the epiphyseal plate and appositional growth increasing bone width.
Jointsrev2
There are three main classifications of joints based on structure and function. Synovial joints have a joint cavity containing synovial fluid and allow for the most movement. The knee is an example of a synovial joint, containing articular cartilage on the ends of the bones, a joint capsule, ligaments including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and menisci that improve joint movement and reduce wear. There are six types of synovial joints including hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, and condylar joints.
Jointsrev
There are two main classifications of joints in the body: functional classification based on movement and structural classification based on material binding the bones. Structurally, there are fibrous joints with no cavity, cartilaginous joints with cartilage but no cavity, and synovial joints with ligaments, a cavity, and fluid-filled sac. Common synovial joints include ball-and-socket shoulders and hips, hinge elbows and knees, and pivot neck joints.
Integumentary system
The document summarizes the structure and function of the integumentary system in 3 paragraphs:
The integumentary system has two main divisions - the skin and accessory structures. The skin is the largest organ and has two layers, the epidermis and dermis. Accessory structures include sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and nails, which are derived from the epidermis.
The epidermis has several strata with different cell types and densities. The dermis lies below with two layers - a papillary layer interdigitated with the epidermis and a deeper reticular layer. Various sensory receptors are located within the skin layers.
The skin has
Tissues
The document discusses the four primary tissues in the human body - epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle tissues, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissues, describing their characteristics, classification into simple and stratified epithelia, and the three major types of epithelial cells based on shape. The classification and characteristics of connective tissues are also summarized.
The human body an orientation
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the taxonomy of humans and defines key terms like anatomy, gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and comparative anatomy. It also outlines the six levels of structural organization in the human body from chemical to organismal. Finally, it summarizes the 11 organ systems that make up the human body and introduces key concepts like homeostasis and anatomical positioning.
Chemical level
The document discusses the chemical composition and structure of matter at the atomic level. It states that all matter is composed of elements, which are made of atoms. The four main elements in the human body are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. It then lists the percentages of various elements that make up the human body. The structure of an atom is described, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Chemical bonds such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds are explained. Important compounds in the human body like water, acids and bases, and organic compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins are also summarized.
Lecture ce4
The document summarizes key concepts about cells:
1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Cells come in different shapes and sizes and perform specialized functions.
2. The main parts of a cell are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane defines the cell boundary, the cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell, and the nucleus contains the cell's genes.
3. Transport across the plasma membrane can occur passively via diffusion and osmosis or actively via pumps that require energy. The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane structure.
More from Abay Alem (13)
Ch 13 the peripheral nervous system and nervous activity
Ch 13 the peripheral nervous system and nervous activity
Cns bs2
- 1. The Central Nervous System Brain – superiorly Spinal Cord - inferiorly
- 2. Figure 12.3
- 4. Figure 12.24
- 6. Figure 12.5
- 7. Figure 12.26
- 8. Figure 12.27
- 9. Figure 12.12
- 12. Figure 12.6c, d
- 13. Figure 12.6a, b
- 14. Figure 12.7
- 16. Figure 12.6a
- 17. Figure 12.8a
- 19. Figure 12.11b
- 21. 3 Functional areas in the Cerebral Cortex
- 23. Decussation of the Pyramids
- 26. Basal Nuclei
- 29. Ventricles
- 31. Diencephalon
- 33. Brain Stem
- 34. Figure 12.15c
- 35. Table 12.1.1
- 36. Figure 12.14
- 38. Cranial Nerves III - XII
- 39. Figure 12.15b
- 40. 2 pigmented nuclei in the Midbrain
- 41. CEREBELLUM
- 42. The Arbor Vitae
- 44. Table 12.1.2
- 45. The Spinal Cord
- 46. The Spinal Cord
- 48. 3 Protective structures of the Spinal Cord
- 50. Figure 12.29c
- 51. Figure 12.29d
- 53. Lumbar Tap
- 55. Gray Matter and White Matter
- 57. Figure 12.32
- 58. Ascending Tracts - Sensory inputs
- 59. Table 12.2.2
- 60. Descending Tracts – Motor output
- 61. Table 12.3.1
- 64. Lumbar Myelomeningocele – Spina Bifida cystica – incomplete formation of the vertebral arches