This document contains images and descriptions of various microscopy, imaging, and experimental techniques used to study cells and neuroscience. These include bright field and fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, patch clamping, gene knockout techniques using reporter genes, creating transgenic animals, electron microscopy, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, functional MRI using the BOLD effect, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and combining fMRI with TMS. The techniques allow visualization and manipulation of cells, genes, and neural activity at various scales from molecules to whole organisms.

3. Figure 5.5 Metabolism of small-molecule and peptide transmitters (Part 2)

4. Methodologies

5. Chapter 4

6. Figure 12-45b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

7. Microscopy

9. Bright field, 400x
Hematoxylin stained

10. Bright field, 1000x
Hematoxylin stained

12. Fluorescence, 1000x
MitoTracker Orange

13. Fluorescence, 1000x
Actin-labeled

14. Fluorescence, 400x
Actin-labeled + Nucleus-labeled

15. Fluorescence, 1000x
Actin-labeled + Nucleus-labeled

17. Scanning Electron
Microscope
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Hela_Cells_Image_3709-PH.jpg

19. Patch Clamping

22. Figure 10-35 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

23. Gene Knockout

28. Reporter Genes

29. Figure 10-29a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

30. Figure 10-30 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

31. Transgenic Animals

32. Figure 10-36 (part 1 of 2) Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

33. Figure 10-36 (part 2 of 2) Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

34. Figure 10-37 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)

35. Brainbows:
Transgenic Mice + Fluorescence Microscopy

37. Towards Connectomics:
Electron Microscopy
+ Human and Computer Labor

39. Computed Tomography
(CT or CAT Scan)

45. Positron Emission
Tomography
(PET Scan)

48. Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)

53. Functional Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

55. BOLD effect:
Blood oxygenation level-
dependent effect

56. ratio of
oxygenated
to deoxygenated
hemoglobin

57. Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (TMS)

60. fMRI+TMS