Azee (Generic Azithromycin Dihydrate Tablets) is a macrolide antibacterial drug indicated for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated susceptible bacteria in the specific conditions.
They include acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults, acute bacterial sinusitis in adults, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults, urethritis and cervicitis in adults, genital ulcer disease in men, acute otitis media in pediatric patients (6 months of age and older) , community-acquired pneumonia in adults and pediatric patients (6 months of age and older) and pharyngitis/tonsillitis in adults and pediatric patients (2 years of age and older).
Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to other PPIs. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1][9] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, an increased risk of pneumonia, an increased risk of bone fractures, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] It works by blocking the release of stomach acid.[1]
Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to other PPIs. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1][9] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, an increased risk of pneumonia, an increased risk of bone fractures, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] It works by blocking the release of stomach acid.[1]
An informative but short explanation of one of the important PPI pantoprazole. I hope it will help you to make enough sense about pantoprazole. Be connected with me. Thank you .
This is my first word document, converted into pdf format!
This document deals with AMOXICILLIN drug profile in brief.
It includes significant pharmacological headings, including an additional heading, stating important catchpoints with respect to amoxicillin!
A nitroimidazole antibiotic used particularly for;
Anaerobic bacteria &
Protozoa
Its an antimicrobial drug which is highly active against;
Anaerobic bacteria
Some protozoa
Amoeba
Thus metronidazole is an;
Antibiotic drug
Ameobicide
Antiprotozoal
Its common trade name is Fragyl in USA & Uganda
Tinidazole is similar to metronidazole but with a long duration of action
Zathrin (Generic Azithromycin Dihydrate Tablets) is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as lower respiratory tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, skin infections, ear infections, chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis and trachoma, prevention of infection due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) disease, acute streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis and sexually transmitted diseases.
Zecyte is used for treatment of leukemias (cancer of white blood cells) and to reduce the severity of symptoms associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Buy Zecyte 250 mg is also used to treat leukemia associated with meningitis (inflammation of protective membrane covering brain and spinal cord).
An informative but short explanation of one of the important PPI pantoprazole. I hope it will help you to make enough sense about pantoprazole. Be connected with me. Thank you .
This is my first word document, converted into pdf format!
This document deals with AMOXICILLIN drug profile in brief.
It includes significant pharmacological headings, including an additional heading, stating important catchpoints with respect to amoxicillin!
A nitroimidazole antibiotic used particularly for;
Anaerobic bacteria &
Protozoa
Its an antimicrobial drug which is highly active against;
Anaerobic bacteria
Some protozoa
Amoeba
Thus metronidazole is an;
Antibiotic drug
Ameobicide
Antiprotozoal
Its common trade name is Fragyl in USA & Uganda
Tinidazole is similar to metronidazole but with a long duration of action
Zathrin (Generic Azithromycin Dihydrate Tablets) is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as lower respiratory tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, skin infections, ear infections, chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis and trachoma, prevention of infection due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) disease, acute streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis and sexually transmitted diseases.
Zecyte is used for treatment of leukemias (cancer of white blood cells) and to reduce the severity of symptoms associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Buy Zecyte 250 mg is also used to treat leukemia associated with meningitis (inflammation of protective membrane covering brain and spinal cord).
E2 Vaginal Tablets (Generic Estradiol Vaginal Tablets) is used by women to help reduce vaginal symptoms of menopause (such as vaginal dryness / burning / itching). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen.
Generic Prilosec Capsules for Treatment of GERD, Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer The Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Prilosec (Omez Capsules) is a medicine which is a proton pump inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (Gastric and Duodenal), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Gemfos (Generic Risedronate Sodium tablets) is a bisphosphonate used for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis, treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and treatment of Paget’s disease.
Risofos (Generic Risedronate Sodium Tablets) is a bisphosphonate and is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis (thinning of the bone) in women after menopause. Risedronate tablets may also be used to increase bone mass in men who have osteoporosis, and in men and women to prevent and treat osteoporosis caused by long-term use of corticosteroids (cortisone-like medicine). Risedronate tablets are also used to treat Paget's disease of the bone.
Indocap (Generic Indomethacin Capsules) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease, moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe osteoarthritis, acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis) and acute gouty arthritis.
ACRIPTEGA TABLET USES, BENFITS AND SIDE EFFECTSGandhi Medicos
Acriptega Tablet, available at Gandhi Medicos, stands at the forefront of HIV medication. It is meticulously formulated to target the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), aiming to suppress its growth and enhance the immune system’s ability to fight infections. This antiretroviral medication belongs to a class of drugs known as integrase inhibitors, playing a pivotal role in managing HIV/AIDS effectively.
Ibugesic Plus (Generic Ibuprofen and Paracetamol Tablets) The Swiss Pharmacy
Ibugesic Plus contains 2 ingredients: Ibuprofen And Acetaminophen (Paracetamol). This medicine is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and inflammation in conditions such as dysmenorrhoea, headache, including migraine, post-operative pain, dental pain, musculoskeletal and joint disorders, peri-articular disorders and soft tissue disorders (sprains and strains).This combination product works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.
Generic Indocin Capsules for Treatment of Arthritis, Bursitis and TendinitisThe Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Indocin Capsules (Inmecin) to relieve moderate to severe pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness caused by rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis . It is also used to relive symptoms of pain and reduce inflammation (swelling, redness and soreness) in a variety of other conditions.
Dutagen (Generic Dutasteride Capsules) are used for the treatment of moderate to severe symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men with an enlarged prostate to reduce the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and surgery.
Dutasteride Capsules are not approved for the prevention of prostate cancer.
Generic Ezetimibe (Ezedoc Tablets) is an anti-hyperlipidemic medication which is used to lower cholesterol levels. Ezedoc acts by decreasing cholesterol absorption in the small intestine.
Generic Mestinon for Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, Paralytic Ileus & Posto...The Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Mestinon (Distinon Tablets) is used to treat muscle weakness in people with myasthenia gravis, and to combat the effects of curariform drug toxicity. It is also used to treat
paralytic ileus, postoperative urinary retention and orthostatic hypotension.
Asthma, EIB and Allergic Rhinitis Treatment with Generic Montelukast TabletsThe Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Montelukast Sodium (Montair Tablets) is used for Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in patients 12 months of age and older, Acute prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in patients 6 years of age and older and Relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR): seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) in patients 2 years of age and older, and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in patients 6 months of age and older.
Flagyl Tablets (Generic Metronidazole Tablets) is used to treat bacterial infections in different areas of the body such as vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. This medicine will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.
This antibiotic treats only certain bacterial and parasitic infections. This medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
Premarin (Conjugated Estrogens Tablets) is used as Hormone replacement therapy for estrogen deficiency symptoms in postmenopausal women.
Premarin tablets are alos used for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of future fractures who are intolerant of, or contraindicated for, other medicinal products approved for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Doxycycline 100mg capsules pil, taj pharmaceuticals.Taj Pharma
DOXYCYCLINE 100mg CAPSULES Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, DOXYCYCLINE Dosage & Rx Info | DOXYCYCLINE Uses, Side Effects , DOXYCYCLINE 100mg CAPSULES: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, DOXYCYCLINE - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, DOXYCYCLINE dose Taj pharmaceuticals DOXYCYCLINE interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical DOXYCYCLINE contraindications, DOXYCYCLINE price, DOXYCYCLINE , Taj Pharma DOXYCYCLINE 100mg CAPSULES - Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on DOXYCYCLINE Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad. Patient Information Leaflets, PIL.
Colimex Tablets (Generic Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and Acetaminophen Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Colimex tablets (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride and Acetaminophen tablets) is a combination medication primarily used in the treatment of spasmodic pain and discomfort due to biliary colic, intestinal colic, renal colic and spasmodic dysmenorrhea (painful irregular periods). It also helps alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Adenomyosis Beast- When Short-Acting Contraceptives Become Your Ally.pptxFFragrant
Patients with adenomyosis can take short-acting contraceptives to relieve symptoms. And they can select herbal medicine Fuyan Pill without side effects.
Zinetac (Generic Ranitidine Hydrochloride tablets) relieves heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach. This medicine also prevents heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach brought on by certain foods and beverages. This medicine is also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with less severe GERD.
Similar to Azee (Generic Azithromycin Dihydrate Tablets) (20)
Finpecia Tablets by Cipla (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Finpecia (Generic Finasteride 1mg Tablets) is used to treat male pattern hair loss. This medicine increases hair growth while at the same time prevents further hair loss.
Finasteride 1mg specifically lowers the levels of DHT in the scalp, thus helping to reverse the balding process. Finpecia does not affect hair on other parts of the body. Men with mild to moderate, but not complete, hair loss can expect to benefit from the use of Finpecia tablets.
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease InhalersThe Swiss Pharmacy
An Asthma inhaler is a (usually metered) device holding a medicine that you take by breathing in (inhaling). Inhalers are the most common treatment for asthma.
A metered dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medicine to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is inhaled by the patient. Inhalers are the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases
There are various types of inhalers available. Some of them are Duolin inhaler (Generic Combivent), Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Ventolin), Tiova Inhaler (Generic Spiriva), Beclate Inhaler (Generic Beclovent), Seroflo Inhaler (Generic Advair HFA) and Foracort Inhaler (Generic Symbicort).
Inmecin Capsules by Replica Remedies (Generic Indomethacin Capsules)The Swiss Pharmacy
Inmecin (Generic Indomethacin Capsules) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease, moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe osteoarthritis, acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis) and acute gouty arthritis.
Eltocin Tablets by IPCA (Generic Erythromycin Estolate Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Eltocin (Generic Erythromycin Estolate Tablets) is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections.
Erythromycin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
This antibiotic treats or prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu).
Erythromycin is used to prevent and treat infections in many different parts of the body, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, diphtheria, intestinal amebiasis, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, Legionnaire's disease, pertussis, and syphilis. This medicine is also used to prevent recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever in patients who have had an allergic reaction to penicillin or sulfa drugs.
Super Tadarise by Sunrise Remedies (Generic Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydroc...The Swiss Pharmacy
Super Tadarise (Generic Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride Tablets) is a combination medication containing Tadalafil 20mg and Dapoxetine 60mg in a single tablet.
Super Tadarise is used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction as well as treatment of premature ejaculation in adult men, when treatment of both indications are required at the same time.
Brufen Tablets by Abbott India (Generic Ibuprofen Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Brufen (Generic Ibuprofen Tablets) is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (including Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease), Osteoarthritis, other non-rheumatoid (seronegative) arthropathies, ankylosing spondylitis, Primary dysmenorrhoea, and Pyrexia.
This medicine is also used in the treatment of non-articular rheumatic conditions, Brufen is indicated in periarticular conditions such as frozen shoulder (capsulitis), bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis and low back pain; Brufen can also be used in soft tissue injuries such as sprains and strains.
Brufen is also indicated for its analgesic effect in the relief of mild to moderate pain, dental and post-operative pain and for symptomatic relief of headache, including migraine headache.
Nolvadol (Generic Tamoxifen Citrate Tablets) a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, is used for the treatment of breast cancer and the treatment of anovulatory infertility.
Nolvadol which is indicated for the treatment of breast cancer has a response which is similar to that seen with either estrogens or androgens but Tamoxifen (Nolvadol Tablets) appears to produce less marked side-effects and to be more acceptable to the patient.
Dox Tablets (Generic Doxycycline Hydrochloride Tablets) are tetracycline class medicines which are used for Rickettsial infections, Sexually transmitted infections, Respiratory tract infections, Specific bacterial infections, Ophthalmic infections, Anthrax, including inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Doxycycline tablets are also used as an alternative treatment for selected infections when penicillin is contraindicated as an adjunctive therapy for acute intestinal amebiasis and severe acne and for the prophylaxis of malaria.
Levera Tablets by Intas (Generic Levetiracetam Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Levera tablets (Generic Levetiracetam tablets) are used as monotherapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Levera tablets are used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults, adolescents, children and infants from 1 month of age with epilepsy.
It is also used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.
It is also used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalised tonic-clonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy.
Canesten Vaginal Cream (Generic Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream) is used to treat a fungal infection in the vagina and vulval area(thrush).
It should be used as an adjunct to treatment of candidal vaginitis. It can also be used for treatment of the sexual partner's penis to prevent re-infection.
Diane-35 Tablets (Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets)The Swiss Pharmacy
Diane-35 (Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol tablets) is used for the treatment of signs of androgenisation in women, such as severe acne (involving inflammation or nodularity or risk of scarring) where prolonged oral antibiotics or local treatment alone has not been successful, or idiopathic hirsutism of mild to moderate degree.
Effective oral contraception in this group of women requiring treatment for these androgen-dependent diseases is an indication for treatment with Diane-35 tablets.
Atarax (Generic Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Tablets) is used to assist in the management of anxiety and tension states in adults, psychomotor agitation and acute stress situations such as, for example, those accompanying minor surgical procedures or allergic states.
Atarax tablets are also used in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria and atopic and contact dermatitis, and in histamine-mediated pruritus.
Lan (Generic Lansoprazole Capsules) is used for treatment of indigestion, heartburn, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD or reflux esophagitis), erosive esophagitis, and Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Sensival (Generic Nortriptyline Hydrochloride Tablets) are used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, and increase your energy level. Sensival may also be used for the treatment of some cases of nocturnal enuresis.
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler) is used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. Asthalin Inhaler is also used for the prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Duonase Nasal Spray (Generic Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray), containing an H1-receptor antagonist and a corticosteroid, is used for the relief of symptoms of smoderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and associated ocular symptoms in adults, adolescents, and children who require treatment with both Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate for symptomatic relief.
Eutrig-HP Injections (Generic Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Injections)The Swiss Pharmacy
Eutrig-HP Injection (Generic Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Injection) is FDA approved for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, prepubertal cryptorchidism, and ovulation induction.
HCG is a hormone that is used to cause ovulation and to treat infertility in women. This medicine is not effective in women with primary ovarian failure. In female infertility it can be used to cause women to ovulate (Ovulation induction). Eutrig-HP is also used along with other fertility medicines, to help produce eggs in medically assisted reproduction programmes (IVF treatment).
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Injections (HCG) is used in men to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the body doesn't produce enough testosterone.
HCG is also used in young boys whose testicles have not descended (dropped) into the scrotum as normally expected during growth. HCG is usually given for this condition in boys who are 4 to 9 years old.
Tiova Inhaler (Generic Tiotropium Bromide Inhaler) is used for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and for reducing COPD exacerbations.
Tiova Inhaler is also used for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 12 years of age and older with severe asthma who experienced one or more severe asthma exacerbations in the preceding year.
Penegra (Generic Sildenafil Citrate Tablets) is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat adult men who have erectile dysfunction (also called sexual impotence or erectile dysfunction, also known in short as ED).
In combination with sexual stimulation, Sildenafil Citrate works by increasing blood flow to the penis to help a man get and keep an erection.
Penegra tablets are available in strengths of 50 mg and 100 mg.
Yasmin Tablets (Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets) The Swiss Pharmacy
Yasmin (Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets) is a estrogen/progestin combined oral contraceptive indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy.
The decision to prescribe Yasmin should take into consideration the individual woman's current risk factors, particularly those for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and how the risk of VTE with Yasmin compares with other combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs).
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.