This document discusses the environmental impacts of aviation, including greenhouse gas emissions which are expected to grow substantially by 2050. It outlines the facts on aviation emissions, including that aviation accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The document also discusses IATA's environmental policy goals and initiatives to reduce emissions, including supporting CORSIA and working with airlines on solutions. It summarizes environmental initiatives by Southwest Airlines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions and waste.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Aviation impacts the environment because aircraft engines emits
noise, gases and particulates.
 Emissions from Aviation currently account for 3.5 per cent of the
total emission.
 Carbon dioxide emissions from aviation are expected to grow by
about 175% between 1990 and 2050.
 The aviation industry has been successful in adopting an
environmental agenda that supports a sustainable aviation
environment.
 This agenda includes testing alternative fuels to be used in
aircraft, developing carbon offsets, and encouraging “green”
airports.

3. THE FACTS ON AVIATION EMISSIONS
 The environmental impact of aviation occurs because
aircraft engines emit heat, noise particulates and gases
which contribute to climate change and global dimming.
 Among other airplanes emit particles and gases such as
carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, lead
and black carbon which interact among themselves and
with the atmosphere.
 From 1992 to 2005, passenger kilometers increased
5.2% per year. greenhouse gas emissions from aviation
increased by 87% between 1990 and 2006.

4.  Aviation accounts for only 3% of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions worldwide, according to data from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
 U.S. aviation industry has reduced GHG emissions by
13% since 2000. General aviation and U.S. airlines are doing
a better job of transporting passengers on less fuel, by
harmonizing schedules, switching to more fuel-efficient
aircraft and engines, and undertaking fuel-saving measures.
 Aircraft fuel efficiency improved by 23% from 2000-2006,
based on the amount of fuel consumption per passenger mile,
according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. While
automobile fuel efficiency increased by 2%.

5. THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
 Aviation, environment and socio-economic development
 Demand is strong and growing.
 Economic and social benefits are significant.
 Growth outstripping rate of technological and operational
improvement.
 Key environment impacts are growing annually.
 Sensitivity to environmental impacts is growing.
 Environment is fast becoming an airport capacity constraint.
 Issues of concern
 Aircraft noise Current
 Local air quality Current
 Climate change (fuel – CO2) Medium
 Land availability/use Current

6.  Environmental Capacity
 2/3 airports currently subject to environmental constraints, 80% in
5 years.
 Some airports are refused planning approval for growth or moved
to new sites, e.g. Munich (noise), Dusseldorf (noise), LHR (air
quality)
 Many UK airports have noise capacity limits: MAN, LGW, BMX,
LHR
 Constraints at individual airports are already:
 Affecting the capacity of the European air transport network.
 Preventing airports from responding to demand.
 Maximising Environmental Capacity
 Integration of environment into business planning.
 Assess economic value of capacity development.
 Airports and service partners working together.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF IATA
 In partnership with industry stakeholders and governments,
IATA is focused on developing sensible environmental policies
to enable and promote sustainable and eco-efficient air
transport.
 IATA’s goal is to ensure proportionate and coherent
environmental policies are implemented by governments
around the world to support the sector’s sustainability and allow
environmental improvements to be achieved in a cost-effective
manner.
 IATA’s Environment Committee (ENCOM) advises IATA on
environmental policies and strategy.
 IATA has several programs to assist airlines in improving their
environmental performance and is working on several initiatives
on Cargo Sustainability. Additionally, IATA offers courses on
aviation and the environment

8. main policy areas are,
 CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting Scheme for International
Aviation )
 Climate change
 Aircraft noise
 Local air quality
 Illegal Wildlife Trafficking
policy action of IATA
 Supporting the development of environmental standards
and recommended practices in ICAO
 Working with airlines and other stakeholders to identify
policies to mitigate the sector’s impact
 Providing input to regulatory processes and international
negotiations
 Informing policy-makers and stakeholders about
environmental solutions.

9. BUNKER FUELS AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
 The Kyoto Protocol adopted in December 1997. The Kyoto
Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) entered into force on Wednesday 16 February
2005. It is the first international treaty designed to reduce
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions., contains provisions for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions from aviation and shipping
 Emissions from aviation and marine ‘bunker’ fuels form a
significant part of the global climate problem – almost 10%. The
Kyoto Protocol assigned responsibility for reducing bunker
greenhouse gas emissions to developed (Annex 1) countries
working through the International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO) and International Maritime Organisation (IMO), both United
Nations agencies.
 ICAO has been specifically tasked under the Protocol with
developing policies and measures to control aviation’s international
bunker fuel emissions.

10. ICAO AND THE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AVIATION CLIMATE
CHANGE (GIACC)
 The 37th ICAO Assembly also took a decision to
form a new group of 15 experts with balanced
representation from each region to draw up a
program of action for ICAO to address climate
change – the Group on International Aviation
Climate Change(GIACC).
 With COP 15 (Copenhagen, December 2009) on
the horizon, ICAO had effectively taken
responsibility for climate change issues away from
its environment committee.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES OF SOUTHWEST AIRLINES
 At Southwest Airlines, they are committed to
conservation and mitigation of the environmental
impacts. With efficiency as a core element of the
business and climate change strategies, the
company strive to minimize the impact on the
environment while remaining true to our triple
bottom line of Performance, People, and Planet.
Fuel Conservation and Emissions Reduction
 Biofuel:
 Jet Fuel Efficiency:

12.  Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 Ground Support Equipment Energy Efficiency
Recycling & Waste Reduction
 LUV Seat
 Waste Management
Employee Involvement and Community Outreach
At Southwest Airlines, they bring environmental issues to
the forefront by way of their Green Team. Comprised of
Employee volunteers across the Company, the Green
Team offers recommendations to augment environmentally
responsible business practices

13.  The Green Team works cooperatively with their
professional environmental staff and Green
Ambassadors in each Southwest Airlines city to
answer environmental questions from Employees
and to consider suggestions for improvement.
Noise Reduction
This reduction is the result of using newer technology
and the utilization of voluntary noise abatement
procedures at airports.

14. CONCLUSION
The wake of Aviation industry at the helm of transport and
globalization, we should strive to provide a green future for flight
operations.
spite of all issues aviation has been improving constantly for the
last 50 years. The policy recommendations suggested coupled
with technical advances, infrastructure improvements, operational
efficiently promise a green future for aviation industry.