The document discusses several international conventions related to civil aviation:
- The Warsaw Convention of 1929 regulates international carriage by air and limits airline liability.
- The Chicago Convention of 1944 established the International Civil Aviation Organization and rules regarding airspace, safety, and taxation.
- The Tokyo Convention of 1963 addresses offenses committed on aircraft and the powers of aircraft commanders.
- The Hague Convention focuses on hijacking and requires states to prosecute or extradite offenders.
- The Montreal Convention of 1999 amended the Warsaw Convention by introducing a two-tier liability system and facilitating compensation for air disasters.
International civil aviation organizationShahnur Munna
ICAO have created to promote the safety and efficient development of civil aviation.
The tremendous development of aviation during World War II demonstrated the need for an international organization to assist and regulate international flight for peaceful.
International civil aviation organizationShahnur Munna
ICAO have created to promote the safety and efficient development of civil aviation.
The tremendous development of aviation during World War II demonstrated the need for an international organization to assist and regulate international flight for peaceful.
2. Theories As To Air Space Air Space Is Entirely Free And Open To All
Lower Zone Of Territorial Space Belongs To The Subjacent State While Higher Zone Of Air Space Is Fre
Air Space- An Unlimited Height Lies Within The Domain Of The Subjacent State
Air Space Within Sovereignty Of The Subjacent State Subject To Servitude Of Innocent Passage For Foreign Civil Aircraft But Not Military Aircraft
3. AIR LAW- AERIAL NAVIGATION-AIRCRAFT HIJACKING distinction
4.the right to fly over a foreign country without landing
the right to refuel or carry out maintenance in a foreign country without embarking or disembarking passengers or cargo
5. the the right to fly from one's own country to another and from another country to own country
the right to fly between two foreign countries on a flight originating or ending in one's own country
the right to fly inside a foreign country, with and without continuing to one's own country
right to fly from one's own country to another and from another country to own country
the right to fly between two foreign countries on a flight originating or ending in one's own country
the right to fly inside a foreign country, with and without continuing to one's own country
6. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel
The Convention also exempts commercial air fuels from tax.
on April 4, 1947 ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
7. As of 2013, the Chicago Convention has 191 state parties, which includes all member states of the United Nations—except Dominica, Liechtenstein, and Tuvalu—plus the Cook Islands
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Freedom of the Air
- Formulated as a results of disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalisation in the Chicago Convention (1944)
- Freedoms of the air apply to commercial aviation
- The terms “freedom” and “right” are a shorthand way of referring to the type of internatinal services permitted between two or more countries
- Type of Freedom
- Transit rights
- 1st & 2nd freedom
- Traffic rights
- 3rd & 4th freedom
- Beyond Rights (5th, 6th & 7th freedom)
- Cabotage (8th & 9th freedom)
- The 6th to 9th freedom, they are not mentioned by the Chicago Convention (they are made possible by some air services agreement but are not officially recognized)
The nature of air service agreements is essentially a mercantilist negotiation that strives for an equitable exchange of traffic rights
These slides were designed by me for my class Presentation. This is not a professional one as I have copied images and slides and information from web, but the construction (formation) of this presentation is by me. Presentation consists the Travel, culture, site seeing, Geography and Festival of Ladhak Area.
Convention On International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), 1944.
The Convention on Offences and Certain Other AcCommitted On Board Aircraft (commonly called the Tokyo Convention), 1963.
Safeguarding International civil aviation against acts of unlawful interferenceMomina Riaz
A concise presentation on ICAO Annex 17, which focuses on the safety and security of civil aviation authority. Detail about the safety and recommended practices of the regulatory bodies of the aviation sector. The civil aviation conventions that make certain rules and guidelines to implement aviation security
PPP for insurance course comparing between Egypt and Switzerland Aviation insurance
outline:
- What is an aviation insurance
- Types
- Aviation Insurance for Commercial and Private Aircraft
- History & Market Of Aviation Insurance
- Top Causes of Fatal Commercial Airplane Accidents
- Misr Insurance
- International agreements and air treaties of Egypt
- Switzerland Aviation insurance
- Egypt & Switzerland
Somos alumnos de la escuela de Administración de Negocios Globales de la Universidad Ricardo Palma y nuestro objetivo es ayudar a las PYMES a tener más información acerca de los “CONTRATOS DE COMPRAVENTA INTERNACIONALES DE PRODUCTOS VIA AÉREA”, como: cuáles son las ventajas de utilizar el transporte aéreo para la exportación de sus productos, cuáles son los posibles riesgos, y regulaciones de entrega, manipulación, seguridad, carga y descarga de la mercancía;
Partners Rory McPhillips, Stuart Kennedy and Senior Associate Stephen Gardiner of the Aviation Finance and Transportation team co-author an article for Lexology Navigator - Aviation in Ireland.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
2. Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules
Relating to International Carriage by Air
Warsaw Convention
3. an international convention which
regulates liability for international
carriage of persons, luggage or goods
performed by aircraft for reward.
Warsaw Convention
In particular, the Warsaw Convention:
mandates carriers to issue passenger
tickets
requires carriers to issue baggage
checks for checked luggage;
creates a limitation period of 2 years
within which a claim must be brought
(Article 29); and
limits a carrier's liability to at
most:
250,000 Francs or
16,600 special drawing
rights (SDR) for personal
injury;
17 SDR per kilogram for
checked luggage and
cargo, or US$20 per
kilogram for non-
signatories of the
amended Montreal
Convention.
5,000 Francs or 332 SDR
for the hand luggage of a
traveler.
4. Clauses 17 and 18 of the Warsaw Convention
Warsaw Convention
Airline companies are liable for
any damage that occurs to passengers or
their belongings during in-flight.
Airline companies will not be held
responsible if the damage results from
the passenger's own fault or one of their
temporary servants such as doctors
assisting ill passengers on their own
initiative.
As of 2013, the Warsaw
Convention had been ratified by 152
states. The Protocol to the Convention
had been ratified by 137 states.
6. Chicago Convention
• establishes the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO)
• establishes rules of airspace and
aircraft registration and safety
• details the rights of the signatories in
relation to air travel
• exempts air fuels from tax
As of 2013, the Chicago Convention
has 191 state parties, which includes
all member states of the United
Nations—except Dominica,
Liechtenstein, and Tuvalu—plus the
Cook Islands.
• established the rights of
signatory states over their
territorial airspace, and laid
down the basic principles
relating to international
transport of dangerous
goods by air
• provides freedoms 1 and 2
7. Convention on Offences and Certain
Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft
Tokyo Convention
8. Tokyo Convention
• an international treaty, concluded at
Tokyo on 14 September 1963. It
• entered into force on 4 December
1969
As of 2013, it has been ratified by 185
parties.
• is applicable to offences against penal
law and to any acts jeopardizing the
safety of persons or property on
board civilian aircraft while in-
flight and engaged in international air
navigation.
• recognizes certain powers and
immunities of the aircraft
commander who on
international flights may
restrain any person(s) he has
reasonable cause to believe is
committing or is about to
commit an offence liable to
interfere with the safety of
persons or property on board
or who is jeopardizing good
order and discipline.
9. Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft
The Hague Convention
10. The Hague Convention
• regards the hijacking of aircraft,
calling for it to be an extraditable
offense among member countries.
“a State is obliged, whether or not it is the
State of registration, to take such
measures as may be necessary to
establish its jurisdiction over the
offence in the case where the alleged
offender is present in its territory and
it does not extradite him”
• The Convention requires any
Contracting State in which the
aircraft or its passengers or
crew are present to facilitate
the continuation of the journey
of the passengers and crew as
soon as possible and to return
the aircraft and its cargo to the
persons lawfully entitled to
possession without delay.
11. Convention for the Unification of
Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air
Montreal Convention
12. Montreal Convention
• multilateral treaty adopted by a
diplomatic meeting of ICAO member
states in 1999
• amended important provisions of
the Warsaw Convention's regime
concerning compensation for the
victims of air disasters
• protects passengers by introducing a
two-tier liability system and by
facilitating the swift recovery of proven
damages without the need for lengthy
litigation
• re-establishes uniformity and
predictability of rules relating
to the international carriage
of passengers, baggage and ca
rgo.
• was brought about mainly to
amend liabilities to be paid to
families for death or injury
whilst on board an aircraft.
14. Rome Convention
Unlawful Interference General Risks
• applies to damage to third parties
which occurs in the territory of a
State party caused by an aircraft in
flight as a result of an act of unlawful
interference when the operator is
based in another State
• applies to damage to third parties in
a non-State party where the
operator causing the damage was
from a State party
• the operator is strictly liable for the
damage sustained by the third party
caused by an aircraft in flight; the
third party does not need to prove
the airline was at fault
• applies to damage to third
parties occurring in the
territory of a State party
caused by an aircraft in flight,
other than as a result of an act
of unlawful interference, when
the operator is based in
another State party
• operator is strictly liable up to
a threshold tentatively set at
SDR 250,000 to SDR 500,000
per claimant
• operator is liable for all
damage in excess of this limit
unless it can prove that such da
• damage was solely due to
the negligence of another
party
15. Convention on the International
Recognition of Rights in Aircraft
Geneva Convention
16. Geneva Convention
• to facilitate the financing for the
purchase of aircraft employed
The main characteristics of the
Convention are the following:
the protection of secured creditors
who lend money on the security of
aircraft
the protection of third parties dealing
in or with aircraft against hidden
charges
the definition and protection of
privileged and priority claims against
aircraft
the facilitation of the transfer of
aircraft from one nationality to
another.
17. Unification of Certain Rules Relating to
International Carriage by Air Performed by a
Person other than the Contracting Carrier
Guadalajara Convention
18. Guadalajara Convention
• aims to cover such arrangements as
leasing, chartering, code-sharing and
interlining
The passenger is entitled to claim
against either or both the actual or
contracting carrier for bodily injury,
loss or damage to baggage and cargo
or for delay
• Entered into force: 1 May 1964
• Total ratifications: 82