Automatic irrigation is a form of irrigation system that incorporates the theory of control, power of wireless technology and feedback system with irrigation. The aim of our project is not only to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer in farm field, but also to successfully water garden plants planted in pots too. Which is why we are using micro- controller based Automated Irrigation system will serve the following purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The irrigation is done only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the microcontroller decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers and helps, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump on/off manually. 3)This irrigation system can be monitor by user wirelessly. User can receive notification and can provide proper commands via his cell phone whenever necessary.
complete presentation on Smart Irrigation system using thingspeak technology is mainly helpful for the farmer to monitor the crop fields. Thingspeak is a platform, we can login with our matlab credentials.this system highly used in Mushroom cultivation because Mushroom cultivation is complete done in a perticuler Room, so this system will monitor the room Humidity, temperature, light and AirQuality. the hole process is we can monitor from any where in the world with help of Thingspeak platform.
Automatic Irrigation System is a prototype for a system of irrigation or watering automatically based on the Arduino microcontroller integrated with proximity sensors (Ultrasonic Sensor), the DC motor and the pump using LED indicator lights.
Made by :
Andika Jamal Nurganda 151611004
Putri Sintia Sari 151611021
Rizki Verdian 151611025
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering
Polytechnic State of Bandung
2016
AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO BASED PPTrishav164
So what is this project? What does it do? Basically this is a soil moisture monitoring system, which detects if the moisture content in the soil is above or below a certain satisfactory threshold value. If it goes below a certain critical point, it is time to water the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is moist enough. An arrangement of a DC motor relay is used to control the watering mechanism.
complete presentation on Smart Irrigation system using thingspeak technology is mainly helpful for the farmer to monitor the crop fields. Thingspeak is a platform, we can login with our matlab credentials.this system highly used in Mushroom cultivation because Mushroom cultivation is complete done in a perticuler Room, so this system will monitor the room Humidity, temperature, light and AirQuality. the hole process is we can monitor from any where in the world with help of Thingspeak platform.
Automatic Irrigation System is a prototype for a system of irrigation or watering automatically based on the Arduino microcontroller integrated with proximity sensors (Ultrasonic Sensor), the DC motor and the pump using LED indicator lights.
Made by :
Andika Jamal Nurganda 151611004
Putri Sintia Sari 151611021
Rizki Verdian 151611025
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering
Polytechnic State of Bandung
2016
AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO BASED PPTrishav164
So what is this project? What does it do? Basically this is a soil moisture monitoring system, which detects if the moisture content in the soil is above or below a certain satisfactory threshold value. If it goes below a certain critical point, it is time to water the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is moist enough. An arrangement of a DC motor relay is used to control the watering mechanism.
Automatic Irrigation System Project ReportEr Gupta
The objective of this project is to provide a combination of manual supervision and partial automation and is similar to manual set up in most respects but it reduces the labour involved in terms of Irrigation design is simple , easy to install, microcontroller based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, soil moisture that are continuously modified and controlled in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield
With the increase in need of water for irrigation, there is also a case where we use more water for irrigation than it’s needed for crops. That results in the wastage of water and causes the problem in the growth of crops. To overcome this problem, this paper puts together a study of a system based on Irrigation using IOT (Internet of things). This system targets on sensing the soil moisture and temperature using the sensors and provide the data to the Thing speak server after which the farmer can decide whether to ON or OFF the pump.
it is a prototype arduino based auto irrigation system which turns on the pump while the field is dry. it uses soil moisture sensor to detect the amount of soil moisture content. As the system is arduino based it uses an arduino software which can be downloaded from https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
This system uses sensor technology with the microcontroller, relay, DC motor and battery. Behave as an intelligent switching system that detects the soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. The ON / OFF motor will automatically be based on the dryness level of the soil.
ppt submit by Prashant D. Auti
“IOT based smart irrigation system” is for to create an IOT base automated irrigation mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF pass command through IOT platform.
This Project and presentation is created by 'Shanjedul Hassan'
ABSTRACT
Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today’s agriculture industry is data-cantered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) based technologies redesigned almost every industry including ‘‘smart agriculture’’ which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new opportunities along with a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect, and pest detection are listed. How this technology helping the growers throughout the crop stages, from sowing until harvesting, packing, and transportation is explained. Furthermore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for crop surveillance and other favourable applications such as optimizing crop yield is considered in this article. State-of-the-art IoT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture are also highlighted wherever suitable. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends of IoT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
microcontroller based controlled irrigation system for plantationRohithasangaraju
The population of India has reached beyond 1.2 billion. If the population goes on increasing with the present rate then after 25-30 years there will be a serious problem of food, so in order to meet the demand of food one has to give more emphasis on the development of agriculture. Today, man has occupied all the suitable land but the land located far away from the human settlement is not developed properly and not utilized fully because it requires more manpower, time and expenditure. But now a days it is possible to pay more attention with the help of modern available controlled devices like computer, microprocessor, sensor, integrated circuits and microcontroller.
In the present work a Microcontroller based controlled remote irrigation system is developed for the agricultural plantation. The developed system is placed at the remote location and required water provides for plantation whenever the humidity of the soil goes below the set-point value. Humidity sensor provides proportional amount of output with change in humidity, which is compared, to the set-point and the data is taken through the channel. If the set-point data is high, then after motor is turned ON, which provides water to the plant till the humidity goes above set-point value. After reaching the humidity above set-point value motor is turned OFF and scans the next channel. This provides right amount of water at right time. The required software program is developed in assembly level language.
Automatic Irrigation System Project ReportEr Gupta
The objective of this project is to provide a combination of manual supervision and partial automation and is similar to manual set up in most respects but it reduces the labour involved in terms of Irrigation design is simple , easy to install, microcontroller based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, soil moisture that are continuously modified and controlled in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield
With the increase in need of water for irrigation, there is also a case where we use more water for irrigation than it’s needed for crops. That results in the wastage of water and causes the problem in the growth of crops. To overcome this problem, this paper puts together a study of a system based on Irrigation using IOT (Internet of things). This system targets on sensing the soil moisture and temperature using the sensors and provide the data to the Thing speak server after which the farmer can decide whether to ON or OFF the pump.
it is a prototype arduino based auto irrigation system which turns on the pump while the field is dry. it uses soil moisture sensor to detect the amount of soil moisture content. As the system is arduino based it uses an arduino software which can be downloaded from https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
This system uses sensor technology with the microcontroller, relay, DC motor and battery. Behave as an intelligent switching system that detects the soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. The ON / OFF motor will automatically be based on the dryness level of the soil.
ppt submit by Prashant D. Auti
“IOT based smart irrigation system” is for to create an IOT base automated irrigation mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF pass command through IOT platform.
This Project and presentation is created by 'Shanjedul Hassan'
ABSTRACT
Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today’s agriculture industry is data-cantered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) based technologies redesigned almost every industry including ‘‘smart agriculture’’ which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new opportunities along with a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect, and pest detection are listed. How this technology helping the growers throughout the crop stages, from sowing until harvesting, packing, and transportation is explained. Furthermore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for crop surveillance and other favourable applications such as optimizing crop yield is considered in this article. State-of-the-art IoT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture are also highlighted wherever suitable. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends of IoT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
microcontroller based controlled irrigation system for plantationRohithasangaraju
The population of India has reached beyond 1.2 billion. If the population goes on increasing with the present rate then after 25-30 years there will be a serious problem of food, so in order to meet the demand of food one has to give more emphasis on the development of agriculture. Today, man has occupied all the suitable land but the land located far away from the human settlement is not developed properly and not utilized fully because it requires more manpower, time and expenditure. But now a days it is possible to pay more attention with the help of modern available controlled devices like computer, microprocessor, sensor, integrated circuits and microcontroller.
In the present work a Microcontroller based controlled remote irrigation system is developed for the agricultural plantation. The developed system is placed at the remote location and required water provides for plantation whenever the humidity of the soil goes below the set-point value. Humidity sensor provides proportional amount of output with change in humidity, which is compared, to the set-point and the data is taken through the channel. If the set-point data is high, then after motor is turned ON, which provides water to the plant till the humidity goes above set-point value. After reaching the humidity above set-point value motor is turned OFF and scans the next channel. This provides right amount of water at right time. The required software program is developed in assembly level language.
The aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer. Automated Irrigation system will serve the following purposes: 1) As there is no un-planned usage of water, a lot of water is saved from being wasted. 2) The irrigation is the only when there is not enough moisture in the soil and the sensors decides when should the pump be turned on/off, saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump on/off manually.
This ppt is explained how to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches a pump motor on/off upon sensing moisture content of the soil.By using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Modern digitalized era of our 21st century needs automation in each and every sector. Combining technology to increase the credibility of an another technology is not at all a very good idea. India is a country where agriculture is the main and vast field for our national financial system. So we have tried to implement the fruitfulness of technology to combine with agricultural field so that the growth of crops can increase exponentially. Irrigation is the methodology of misleadingly supplying water to land where harvests are developed. Generally hand pumps, channel water and precipitation were a significant wellspring of water supply for watering system. This strategy has prompted serious disadvantages like under watering system, over-watering system which thus causes filtering and loss of supplement substance of soil. Changing ecological conditions and lack of water have prompted the requirement for a framework which effectively oversees watering system of fields. Computerized watering system framework is a machine based framework, which robotizes the watering system of area by joining different programming and equipment approaches together for field watering system.
This paper manages a definite study of different GSM based mechanized ranch watering system frameworks. GSM serves as an essential part since it is in charge of controlling the watering system office and sends them to recipient through coded sign. Our study is focused on examination of different GSM approach.
Arduino based intelligent greenhouse ProjectAmit Saini
Final Year Project : - Arduino based ‘Intelligent Green House'
A complete greenhouse monitoring and controlling system ,that is automated, updating each and every detail on internet that can be accessed from anywhere. For sensors, it uses a light sensor, temperature sensor, moisture sensor, humidity sensor and all the updates will be available on internet through Ethernet shield through which the user can take care of the garden even when not at home.
Arduino and sensors for water level, soil moisture, temperature & relative humidity for application in the ClimaAdapt Project areas - Nagarjuna Sagar Project Left and Right Canals in the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for water use efficiency - Canal and On Farm
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNORizki Verdian
This Presentation explain you about Automatic Irrigation System is a prototype for a system of irrigation or watering automatically based on the Arduino microcontroller integrated with proximity sensors (Ultrasonic Sensor), the DC motor and the pump using LED indicator lights.
Made by :
Andika Jamal Nurganda 151611004
Putri Sintia Sari 151611021
Rizki Verdian 151611025
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering
Polytechnic State of Bandung
2016
Dont forget watch demonstration video in youtube
M4 GSM IS WIRELESS UNIT USING WHICH YOU CAN START STOP MOTOR OR ANY DEVICE USING MOBILE PHONE AND OUR TALKS WITH YOU ONLINE IN LOCAL LANGUAGE ...AND MUCH MORE VISIT WWW.KHYATEE.IN
This ppt explains how to use of proper method of irrigation and it is important.The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir
water. This ppt is based on microcontroller .
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be
applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide
guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Automatic irrigation and flood controlling system by using GSM SANDEEP BASVA
The aim of my project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer, to reduce the water wastage in fields and to protect the field from floods.
Agromate is a telemetric device that operates motor
with a mobile phone.
Advantages to farmers
One missed call to turn on/off the motor
No distance barrier
Water flow sensor that turns off the motor when there
is no water flow
Works with any service provider’s SIM card
Power supply unit that will turn of the device if any
phase disconnection happens.
Runs on both single and 3 phase power supply
GSM Based Home Automation System using Arduinoijtsrd
Home Automation System is used to control home appliances. With the use of computers and electronics technology electrical appliances can be controlled from any part of the world. Consequently, greater amount of energy will be saved and hence the natural resources. This can be achieved by using the mobile phone. This system is designed using Arduino UNO and GSM module. The electrical appliances are controlled by sending a text message from any mobile located in any part provided it has GSM connectivity. There are many existing Home Automation Systems on the world. But every system has its pros and cons. The proposed system is easy to implement and understand. Ma May Thet Htar | Ma Hnin Yu Myaing "GSM Based Home Automation System using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26806.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26806/gsm-based-home-automation-system-using-arduino/ma-may-thet-htar
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The greenhouse based modern agriculture of industries are the recent requirement in every part agriculture in India. In this technology, the humidity and temperature of plants are precisely controlled. Due to the variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniformity at all the places in the farmhouse manually. It is observed that for the first time an android phone-control the Irrigation system, which could give the facilities of maintaining uniform environmental conditions are proposed. The Android Software Development Kit provides the tools and Application Programmable Interface necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of human life serving multiple needs of humans. This application makes use of the GPRS [General Packet Radio Service] feature of mobile phone as a solution for irrigation control system. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is passed onto the user request in the form of SMS. The concept of anti theft security is used It hence deters thieves from committing the theft. It also effectively prevents stealing of motor wires and it has been a persisting problem around the fields and greater challenge to the farmer.
Advanced Automation System in Industrial Applications Using PIC Microcontrol...IJMER
The main aim of this paper is to design and develop an advanced automation system in the
industries. In this technique we are using the GSM modem which have the SIM card present in it, the
user can send message on the 10 digit SIM number using the cell phone from any part of the world. The
micro controller is programmed using the embedded C. when the user will send the message to a
particular device that particular device will be on or we can also off the device. Example if the motor is
in over voltage, under voltage, over current in that time the microcontroller will trip the circuit and give
the message feedback to the user. The micro controller will read the temp from the sensor and it will
display the same on the LCD when the incoming temp crosses the set limit the micro controller will turn
OFF the device and will send the message to owner using the SIM card present in the GSM modem. We
can also check the continuous status of the device.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Fingerprint Based Security System using GSM ModuleIJERA Editor
This paper mainly focuses on using wireless technology for security effectively. The system is SMS-based and uses biometric technology to revolutionize the standards of security. It uses a GSM Modem to send an SMS to the authorized person in case of an intrusion. The project is realized by interfacing a fingerprint sensor with a 89c51 microcontroller and a GSM Module. As the system uses GSM technology, it provides ubiquitous access to the system for security
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Advertising Display System using LED and Graphical LEDijsrd.com
This paper explains the Use of "Embedded System in Communication" in very comfort way and how it makes easy human life and also how we can merge two different technologies like GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) display by use of an Embedded System for different applications like advertising. This paper provides information about how a reliable and authentic wireless communication can be done between a mobile and microcontroller by using GSM MODEM. This paper gives you information about a SMS driven automatic Display which can replace currently used programmable electronic Display.
Similar to "Automatic Intelligent Plant Irrigation System using Arduino and GSM board" (20)
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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2. 2
ABSTRACT
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform a
dedicated function. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can
optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded system comprises of
both hardware and software. Embedded system is fast growing technology in various
fields like industrial automation, home appliances, automobiles, aeronautics etc.
Embedded technology uses PC or a controller to do the specified task and the
programming is done using assembly language programming or embedded.
Many devices are used for monitoring the humidity conditions. In early days, all the
systems are analog devices and the measured value can be displayed by using recorders,
and CROs.
This project is used to eliminate the drawbacks in the existing system. Here the
humidity is monitored by sensor that can be converted in to corresponding signal to
the microcontroller.
The main feature of this project is that, according to the humidity levels, the controller
activates the relay driver unit and pumps the motor by using relay switches. The
controller also generates signal corresponding to the humidity level, and then the signal
can be transmitted through the GSM modem to mobile. when the pump is ON the
corresponding message will be forwarded to our mobile number which was already
programmed in controller unit.
4. 4
1. Introduction of GSM BASED IRRIGATION SYSTEM :-
Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is one of the most trustable wireless
communication system that can be accessed and used very easily. The price of it trans-
receiver module and subscription fee of it’s services is very low so it is very cost
effective also. Embedded system interfaced with GSM module can widen the scope of
embedded design and enhanced the application areas of controlling and monitoring
systems to a great extent. During the past decade network services has extended beyond
speech communication to many other custom specified embedded design application.
This paper proposes an innovative GSM based remote controlled embedded system for
irrigation. The interface and communication between user and designed system is via
SMS on GSM network if the user is within the range of 10m of designed system. India
is a country of agriculture and it is backbone of Indian economy. Irrigation is heart of
agriculture. Irrigation is used to assist growing crops in the field land during the in
adequate rainfall period. Pesticide is used preventing, destroying or mitigating any pest.
Both of these are very important for good productivity and both need time to time
application in the farm field. In India approximately 20% of farmers are dependent on
electric water pumps for irrigation in their field.
There are many problems associated with irrigation
farmer’s house so farmers have to
go farm land for irrigation that causes inconvenience and fuel consumption(if used any
vehicle).
the farm field as the nature of
supply of electricity is quite unpredictable.
t instances of burning of motor due to unpredictable voltage
fluctuations and dry running.
5. 5
in farm field.
sprayed. These pesticides are
very harmful for farmer’s health.
All these issues are handled in the proposed system. The system will send status of
power supply via Bluetooth/SMS on GSM network to user. The system will check the
water flow from the pump. If electricity is there but no water supply is available, system
will send information to user via SMS on GSM network. Temperature sensors and
humidity sensors installed in the field take the measurement of humidity level of soil
and environmental temperature and send this information to users. The user sends data
in the form of SMS on GSM network to start or stop the irrigation according to received
information.
8. 8
2.2 Working :-
Arduino board is connected to gsm modem in which transmitter of arduino is connected
to the receiver of gsm modem and receiver of arduino is connected to the transmitter of
gsm modem . GSM modem is working simply like a mobile phone when we call on the
number of gsm modem it can moved into the auto answering mode and can be operate
according to the coding which we have done in microcontroller . Since it is 28 pin ic and
arduino has 13-digital pin and 6 analog pin so these pin are also used for further
operation.With it’s digital pins lcd is connected which is used for displaying of
information’s like alert for increase of the temperature by temperature sensors and gives
alert for humidity by humidity sensor. Also with it’s digital pin driver circuit is
connected ,driver circuit is made of different component’s and it can used to drive the
motor/water pump which can be on/off with these circuit.
Fig.2.2 Working of GSM Based Irrigation System
13. 13
3.4 Layout of driver circuit :-
Fig 3.4 Layout of Relay circuit
14. 14
3.5 Working of circuit :-
In the GSM BASED IRRIGATION SYSTEM here 28-pin microcontroller is used which is
known as Arduino. Arduino has 13-digital pins and 6-analog pins and it works on 12V d.c. then
we interface arduino with gsm modem here transmitter of arduino is connected with receiver of
gsm modem and receiver of arduino is connected to transmitter of gsm modem and 5v from
arduino is given to gsm modem and sim is inserted in gsm modem which can be used for the
operation of modem. DTMF circuit is connected with modem which can generate a pulse of
binary sequence works according to it.
.LCD i.e. Liquid Crystal Display which is connected to the digital pin of arduino i.e from
12,11,5,4,3,2 which is use in the operation of lcd and it can be use for the displaying of message
or information or for alert.
Here the two sensor ‘s are used which are humidity sensor and temperature sensor. Humidity
sensor is use to show the presence of water in air which is harmful for crops and the another
sensor is temperature which measure the temperature of the atmosphere. These sensors are
connected to the analog pin of arduino which are pin number-4, 5 .According to our coding if
any value is increase between these sensors then it gives alert to us in the form of “alert” tour
number through gsm modem.
Driver circuit is connected to the pin number 9 of the arduino and it is consist of resistor of 10k
which is connected to the npn transistor which is connected to diode and relay of 12V and these
relay is used to drive a water pump.When we give 2 to the dtmf it can generate a pulse sequence
the moves to the and complets a circuit and on the pump and when give 1 it can off the pump.
16. 16
4.1 Hardware specification :-
4.1.1 At Transmitter :-
Mobile Phone
4.1.2 At Receiver :-
a. Arduino
b. GSM Modem
c. Humidity Sensor
d. Temperature Sensor LM35
e. Relay (12v SPDT)
f. DTMF 8870 IC
g. NPN Transistor (IC 547)
h. Silicon Diode
i. Submersible pump
17. 17
4.1.1 At Transmitter :-
Mobile Phone:-
A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that
can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic
area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator,
allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only
within the short range of a single, private base station.
In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services
such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications
(infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that
offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.
Fig 4.1.19(a) Mobile phone
18. 18
4.1.2 At Receiver :-
a. Arduino :-
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform, designed to make the
process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible. The hardware
consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board of a standard
programming language and the boot loader that runs on the board.
Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can
affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The
microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based
on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with
software on running on a computer .
The boards can be built by hand or purchased preassembled; the software can
be downloaded for free. The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under
an open-source license, you are free to adapt them to your needs.
Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax + libraries),
similar to C++. with some simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-
based IDE.
Fig.(a). Arduino Board
19. 19
Features of Arduino :-
• High-performance, Low-power Atmel®AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
• Advanced RISC Architecture
– 130 Powerful Instructions – Most Single-clock Cycle Execution
– 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 16MIPS Throughput at 16MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments
– 8Kbytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory
– 512Bytes EEPROM
– 1Kbyte Internal SRAM
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
• Peripheral Features
20. 20
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler, one Compare Mode
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture
Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Three PWM Channels
– 8-channel ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy
– 6-channel ADC in PDIP package
Six Channels 10-bit Accuracy
– Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, and
Standby
• I/O and Packages
23. 23
b. GSM Modem :-
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile
operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the
GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are
most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be
used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.
Now SMS Lite can send and receive SMS and MMS Messages using a GSM modem.
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth
connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.
A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as Now SMS to send
and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this
message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To
perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an “extended AT command set” for
sending/receiving SMS messages
Fig (b). GSM Modem
26. 26
c. Humidity Sensor :-
Humidity is the presence of water in air. The amount of water vapor in air can affect
human comfort as well as many manufacturing processes in industries. The presence of
water vapor also influences various physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Humidity measurement in industries is critical because it may affect the business cost of
the product and the health and safety of the personnel. Hence, humidity sensing is very
important, especially in the control systems for industrial processes and human comfort.
Controlling or monitoring humidity is of paramount importance in many industrial &
domestic applications. In semiconductor industry, humidity or moisture levels needs to
be properly controlled & monitored during wafer processing. In medical applications,
humidity control is required for respiratory equipments, sterilizers, incubators,
pharmaceutical processing, and biological products. Humidity control is also necessary
in chemical gas purification, dryers, ovens, film desiccation, paper and textile
production, and food processing. In agriculture, measurement of humidity is important
for plantation protection (dew prevention), soil moisture monitoring, etc. For domestic
applications, humidity control is required for living environment in buildings, cooking
control for microwave ovens, etc. In all such applications and many others, humidity
sensors are employed to provide an indication of the moisture levels in the environment.
RELEVANT MOISTURE TERMS:-To mention moisture levels, variety of
terminologies are used. The study of water vapour concentration in air as a function of
temperature and pressure falls under the area of psychometrics. Psychometrics deals
with the thermodynamic properties of moist gases while the term “humidity’ simply
refers to the presence of water vapour in air or other carrier gas. Humidity measurement
determines the amount of water vapor present in a gas that can be a mixture, such as
air,or a pure gas, such as nitrogen or argon.
Fig (c). Humidity Sensor
27. 27
d. Temperature Sensor LM35 :-
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus
has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in § Kelvin, as the user is
not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies of g(/4§C at room temperature and g*/4§C over a full b55 to
a150§C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer
level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration
make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with
single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 mA from its
supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1§C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a
b55§ to a150§C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a b40§ to a110§C
range (b10§ with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in
hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also
available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-
lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-202 package.
Fig .(d). Temperature sensor
28. 28
e. Relay (12v):-
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a
switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays
are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph
circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another.
Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric
motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with
no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays
with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used
to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems
these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".
Fig. (e) Relay
29. 29
Basic Design and Operation :-
When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that
activates the armature, and the consequent movement of the movable contact(s) either
makes or breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the
set of contacts was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens
the contacts and breaks the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When
the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately
half as strong as the magnetic force, to its relaxed position. Usually this force is
provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in industrial motor starters.
Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage application this
reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.
When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed across the coil to
dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would
otherwise generate a voltage spike dangerous to semiconductor circuit components.
Some automotive relays include a diode inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact
protection network consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series (snubber circuit) may
absorb the surge. If the coil is designed to be energized with alternating current (AC), a
small copper "shading ring" can be crimped to the end of the solenoid, creating a small
out-of-phase current which increases the minimum pull on the armature during the AC
cycle.
TYPES OF RELAY :-
SPST – Single Pole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be connected or
disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is
ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or normally closed.
SPDT – Single Pole Double Throw. A common terminal connects to either of two
others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.
30. 30
DPST – Double Pole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. Equivalent to
two SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a
relay has six terminals in total. The poles may be Form A or Form B (or one of each).
DPDT – Double Pole Double Throw. These have two rows of change-over terminals.
Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has
eight terminals, including the coil.
32. [32]
f. DTMF IC 8870:-
Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF
receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications
circuits. The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other
applications. When a proper output is not obtained in projects using this IC, engineers or
technicians need to test this IC separately.
For optimum working of telephone equipment, the DTMF receiver must be designed to
recognise a valid tone pair greater than 40 ms in duration and to accept successive digit
tone-pairs that are greater than 40 ms apart. However, for other applications like remote
controls and radio communications, the tone duration may differ due to noise
considerations. Therefore, by adding an extra resistor and steering diode the tone
duration can be set to different values.
The circuit is configured in balanced-line mode. To reject common-mode noise signals,
a balanced differential amplifier input is used. The circuit also provides an excellent
bridging interface across a properly terminated telephone line. Transient protection may
be achieved by splitting the input resistors and inserting zener diodes (ZD1 and ZD2) to
achieve voltage clamping. This allows the transient energy to be dissipated in the
resistors and diodes, and limits the maximum voltage that may appear at the inputs.
Whenever you press any key on your local telephone keypad, the delayed steering (Std)
output of the IC goes high on receiving the tone-pair
Fig (f) Pin Diagram
33. [33]
g. NPN Transistor IC 547:-
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals
for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals.
Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power,
a transistor can amplify a signal.
NPN
NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped
semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers. A small current entering the
base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current. That is, when there is
a positive potential difference measured from the emitter of an NPN transistor to its base
(i.e., when the base is high relative to the emitter) as well as positive potential difference
measured from the base to the collector, the transistor becomes active. In this "on" state,
current flows between the collector and emitter of the transistor. Most of the current is
carried by electrons moving from emitter to collector as minority carriers in the P-type
base region. To allow for greater current and faster operation, most bipolar transistors
used today are NPN because electron is mobility higher than hole mobility.
.
Fig (g) NPN Transistor
34. [34]
h. Silicon Diode :-
Silicon rectifier diodes, like that shown in Figure are used in many applications from
high voltage, high current power supplies, where they rectify the incoming mains (line)
voltage and must pass all of the current required by whatever circuit they are supplying;
this may be several tens of Amperes or more.
Carrying such currents requires a large junction area so that the forward resistance of the
diode is kept as low as possible. Even so the diode is likely to get quite warm. The black
resin case helps dissipate the heat.
The resistance to current in the reverse direction (when the diode is "off") must be high,
and the insulation offered by the depletion layer between the P and N layers extremely
good to avoid the possibility of "reverse breakdown", where the insulation of the diode
fails due to the high reverse voltage across the junction.
Silicon diodes are made in many different forms with widely differing parameters. They
vary in current carrying ability from milli-amps to tens of amps, some will have reverse
breakdown voltages of thousands of volts; others use their junction capacitance to act as
tuning devices in radio and TV tuners. Look in suppliers lists to see the many types
available.
35. [35]
i. Submersible Pump :-
A submersible pump (or electric submersible pump (ESP)) is a device which has a
hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is
submerged in the fluid to be pumped. The main advantage of this type of pump is that it
prevents pump cavitation, a problem associated with a high elevation difference between
pump and the fluid surface. Submersible pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to
jet pumps having to pull fluids. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps.
Fig (i) Submersible Pump
36. [36]
Software Specification :-
Aurdino software IDE
The aurduino IDE is a cross plateform application written in java which is derived from the IDE
made for the processing programming language and the wiring project. It is designed to
introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development.
It includes a code editor with feature such as syntax highlighting , brace matching, and
automatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling and uploading programs to the board
with the single clik. There is typically no need to edit make files or run programs on the
command line.
The arduino development environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message area,
a text console, a toolbar with buttons for comman functions, and series of menus. It connects
to the arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
∑ Software written using arduino are called sketches. These sketches are written in the
text editor. It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The
message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays
errors. The console displays text output by the arduino environment including
complete error messages and other information. Arduino IDE comes with a C/C+
+library called “wiring”, which makes many common input/output operations much
easier. Arduino pragrames are written in C/C++, although users only need to define
two functions in order to make a runnable program.
37. [37]
Description of eagle software :-
Introduction:
This eagle (easily applicable graphical layout editor) PCB design software is used to design an
electronic schematic and layout a printed circuit board (PCB). Eagle is a PCB design software
package consisting of a schematics editor, a PCB editor and an auto router module. The
software comes with an extensive library of components, but a library editor is also available to
design new parts or or modify existing ones. Eagle is made by cadsoft and is available in three
versions. The light versions is limited to one sheet of schematic and half euro card formate, but
can be used under the terms of the freeware licence for non- commercial use. This software
can be download from cadsoft’s homepage, for windows or linux. We ware investigating the
possibilities of getting one or more licence for the professional version ,which does not have
these limitations.
The formate of PCB layout is carried out in following steps:
Step 1- Drawing the schematic
Step 2- Printing the schematic
Step 3- PCB layout
∑ Placing components
∑ Routing
∑ Printing the PCB
39. [39]
Coding :-
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);
int sens1=A5;
int sens2=A4;
int dtmf1=7;
int dtmf2=6;
int relay=8;
int a,b,c;
int count=0;
char phoneNumber[]="+919753475722";
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
45. [45]
CONCLUSION :-
There is an urgent need for a system that makes the agricultural process easier and
burden free from the farmer’s side. With the recent advancement of technology it has
become necessary to increase the annual crop production output of our country India, an
entirely agro centric economy. The ability to conserve the natural resources as well as
giving a splendid boost to the production of the crops is one of the main aims of
incorporating such technology into the agricultural domain of the country. To save
farmer’s effort, water and time has been the most important consideration. Hence
systems need to be designed to provide this ability efficiently using wireless sensor
networking, sprinkler irrigation, GSM, SMS technology,
These systems were all remotely controlled systems which proposed a low cost
information exchange via SMS and GSM network. The soil moisture, humidity and
various other environmental factors influencing growth of crops are periodically sensed
using high quality accurate sensor and those values are passed on to the
processor/controller to calculate required amount of water and fertilizers and various
other inputs during irrigation and accordingly supplied to the farm. The functionality of
GSM increases the efficiency of the automated irrigation system by giving it a more user
friendly interface using SMS (Short Message Service) coupled with missed called
services.
The result of the survey conducted has lead to a very positive approach on the impact of
GSM technology in farm irrigation methods and techniques. The approaches studied had
various pros and cons in the time required for operations or complexity or feasibility and
user interactions. With technology advancing everyday new techniques have been
implemented for further minimizing the irrigation process like using prebuilt mobile
phone or standalone application software for conduction the irrigation process.
47. [47]
Advantages:-
• Increase crop yields and quality, while saving on operational costs and labor.
• Automatically and accurately irrigate and fertilize (irrigate + fertilize =
fertigate) crops by remote control - with exactly the right quantity, at exactly the
right time, activating specific valves.
• Reduce water consumption; optimize use of fertilizers, and minimize energy
costs.
• Manage the irrigation process from practically anywhere - whether from the
office, from home or on the road.
• Immediately detect any system irregularities and leaks online, and receive real
time reports (even to mobile phones by SMS) while automated response is taking
place.
Disadvantages:-
ó Networks failure : - If the network is fail then the device is not work properly.
ó Effects on human health.
49. [49]
Future scope:-
This project has enormous potential and may be used in various other ways, due to its
cheap and cost efficient design.
1. Use it as a home automation controller, by adding a few more 240 volt relays.
2. Remotely perform jobs.
3. Use a float switch in a tank, so that the system automatically shuts the pump down,
once the reservoir is full.
4. Use it in conjunction with a solar panel, so that the entire system is eco-friendly.