This document describes a soil moisture monitoring system designed to automatically water plants when soil moisture levels fall below a certain threshold. Utilizing components like an Arduino Uno, moisture sensors, and a pump, the system aims to conserve water and increase efficiency in plant care amidst growing concerns about water scarcity. The project underscores the importance of sustainable practices in response to climate change and resource depletion.

2. OVERVIEW
So what is this project? What does it do? Basically this is a soil moisture monitoring
system, which detects if the moisture content in the soil is above or below a certain
satisfactory threshold value. If it goes below a certain critical point, it is time to water
the plant until the soil surrounding the plant is moist enough. An arrangement of a DC
motor relay is used to control the watering mechanism.

3. MOTIVATION
 Before we start with the project itself, lets see what led us to take up this challenge to make this
Automated Plant Watering System.
 In this 21st century, climate change and depletion of resources have become a major issue to deal
with. With the ever growing population and increased demand for natural resources we find
ourselves in a middle of a crisis, a crisis which calls for immediate action. Sustainable development
must be adopted by each one of us, both on a personal level and socio-industrial level.
 Among the teeming natural resources which make life possible on earth, perhaps the most
important is water. Water shortage has become a crucial issue in most parts of the world. Recently,
the state of Maharashtra in India is facing a severe drought which has already claimed many lives.
Hence we see that water conservation is of utmost importance.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Conventional Watering Methods use a lot of water and needless to say, a lot of it is wasted on a
daily basis
 With the help of advanced methods of watering, which should ideally use just the correct amount of
water needed for the plants, we could save a considerable amount of water
 This system uses Arduino Uno and Moisture Sensor to provide adequate amount of water needed
by plant
 This system works automatically without any human intervention.

5. EQUIPMENTS USED
 Arduino Uno
 Soil Moisture Sensor
 LCD Display
 Relay
 DC Pump
 Potentiometer
 Power Source ( Rechargeable Battery)

6. THE ARDUINO UNO
 The Arduino is an open- source microcontroller based kit for building digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world
 The Arduino based provides sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various
expansion boards and other circuits
 For programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino has a specific software associated with it which
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the processing project, which
includes support for the C and C++ programming language.

7. THE ARDUINO
UNO

8. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.
 It indirectly measures by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant or interaction with nutrient as a proxy for the moisture content.
 The soil moisture sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of the surrounding
medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a function of the water content. The sensor creates a
voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the water content of the soil.

9. SOIL MOISTURE
SENSOR

10. LCD DISPLAY
 An LCD is an electronic display module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image.
 The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in circuits.
 The 16x2 LCD displays 16 character per line in 2 lines.
 In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.

11. LCD
DISPLAY

12. RELAY
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
 It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating
contact terminals.
 Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power signal, or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

13. RELAY

14. DC PUMPS
 A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), by mechanical action.
 This is lightweight, small size, high efficiency, low consumption and low noise water pump.

15. DC PUMPS

16. POTENTIOMETER
 A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an
adjustable voltage divider
 Potentiometers is used to control the brightness of the LCD

17. POTENTIOMET
ER

18. POWER SOURCE (RECHARGABLE
BATTERY)
 When selecting the appropriate battery for this project, some important points must be considered
 Firstly, it should be environmentally friendly
 Secondly, it should be of stable quality and high reliability
 Also, it must be rechargeable type, so it will not contribute to pollution of the environment

19. POWER SOURCE (RECHARGABLE
BATTERY)

20. BLOCK DIAGRAM
LCD SCREEN
ARDUINO UNO R3
LM393
DRIVER
RELAY
DRIVER
RELAY
WATER
PUMP
SOIL MOISTURE
SENSOR

21. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

22. WORKING
 The Soil Moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture in the soil and sends that information
to the Arduino with values lying in the range 0 to 1023
 If soil moisture content goes below a certain point, which is decided by the threshold value given in
the Arduino code, the Arduino signals the relay to turn ON the motor
 The motor will remain ON till the moisture in the soil reaches required threshold
 When the moisture in the soil reaches the require threshold, it will automatically turn OFF the
motor.

23. ADVANTAGES
 Water Conservation.
 Real time data.
 Low operation cost.
 Efficient and saves time.
 Increase in productivity.
 Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.

24. The Final Project
When Moisture is high
When Moisture is
low

25. The Final Setup of the Project