This document describes an advanced irrigation system using a soil moisture sensor to conserve water. The system uses a microcontroller and soil moisture sensor to automatically water plants only when needed. It measures the soil moisture level and compares it to a threshold value set by the user. If the soil is dry (below the threshold), a relay is activated to supply water. This removes the need for manual intervention by farmers and helps save up to 60% of irrigation water typically wasted through over-watering. The system guide includes the code and wiring diagram to build the automated irrigation system.

1. ADVANCED IRRIGATION SYSTEM
USING SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
PROJECT GUIDE
Dr S AKHILA
(P16)
L Kajikho
Bikram Pukhrambam Singh
Sameep Karki
Manish K Sah

2. • Today, India ranks second in the world
in farm output with 64% of cultivated land dependent on
monsoons.
• Irrigation accounts for 55-70% of
water usage in India.
• Nearly 60% of the water used in
irrigation is wasted.
• In this project water is conserved
by using microcontroller-based
system

3. • ‘Smart Orchid soil moisture monitoring system based on wireless communication
technology’ by Ye Na & Liu Junfeng’
 Isight on the system cored with a low-power microprocessor
 Insight on achieving a wide range of influence on soil moisture and intelligent control of
data in fixed memory.
 Insight on achieving a 24hr uninterrupted monitoring.
 Insight on serial non-volatile data memory chip for storage and display device, that is
based on I2C bus, in turn using multifunctional memory chip of the ferroelectric
technology which contains RTC.
• ‘Precision Agriculture’ By-Hemanth Gowda C V, Kaveen Kumar M K, Nikhil D G, Prathap J
-Knowledge on the design maily consisting of Wireless Master device and wireless
Slave device information unit that’s based on Zigbee technology and is realized using
GMS module and concentrated on low power consumption.
- Knowledge on achieving low power consumption using ARM
Cortex M0.
-Knowledge on sensor network powered by solar panel with
rechargeable battery that works for long time.

4. • Automatic Plant irrigation System’ By- Amit Yadav, Rahul Dev,
Ravinder Kumar, Shwetank Singh.
-Knowledge of automatic system designed with low cost microcontroller.
-Knowledge on designed soil moisture sensor designing using comparator
-Knowledge on interfacing RTC and LCD.
• ‘Water Saving irrigation automatic water control sytem based on internet
of thing’ By-Zhang Feng
-Knowledge on water conserving sytem by controlling irrigation water .
-Knowledge on design on wireless sensor network and internet technology
of farmland automatic irrigation control.
-Knowledge on use of Mobile or PDA can easily used soil moisture content
online monitor and controlling to realize the irrigation automation.

7. User sets the threshold value
Moisture sensor reads the moisture contained in the soil
and feeds to the microcontroller
Microcontroller compare the sensor input and the
threshold value
If the sensor input value is less than 30%,plants get
watered or else it continues to read the moisture value
The watering stops till the moisture contain reaches the
threshold value

21. #include <LiquidCrystal.h> //library to interface LCD
#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h“ //library to interface RTC
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);
RTC_DS1307 rtc;
const int moisture_sensor=A3; //Analog input pin A3 is declare to read soil sensor value
const int relay_out=8; //output pin to control relay
int MAX; //variable to hold threshold value
void setup ()
{
Serial.begin(57600);
#ifdef AVR
Wire.begin();
#else
Wire1.begin(); // Shield I2C pins connect to alt I2C bus on Arduino uno
#endif
rtc.begin(); //Initialized RTC
lcd.begin(16,2); // Initialized LCD to 16X2
pinMode(relay_out,OUTPUT); //define relay_out pin as output pin
pinMode(6,INPUT); //define pin no. 6
lcd.print(" Welcome "); //instruction to display to LCD
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //instruction to move cursor
lcd.print(" P16 ");
delay(1000); //delay of 1sec
lcd.clear(); //clear LCD
}

22. void loop ()
{
int m=(-analogRead(moisture_sensor)+1023)/10;
lcd.clear();
if(digitalRead(6)==LOW)
{
lcd.clear();
DateTime now = rtc.now();
lcd.print(now.year(), DEC); //get year
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.month(), DEC); //get month
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.day(), DEC); //get day
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(now.hour(), DEC); //get hour
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.minute(), DEC); //get minute
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.second(), DEC); //get second
delay(1000); //display for 1 second
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Moisture Content");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(m);
lcd.print('%');
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();

23. if(m==30) //instruction to control relay
digitalWrite(relay_out,HIGH);
else if(m>=MAX)
digitalWrite(relay_out,LOW);
else
digitalWrite(relay_out,HIGH);
lcd.print("threshold value");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(MAX);
lcd.print('%');
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
}
else
{
lcd.clear(); //instructions to setup threshold value
MAX=m;
lcd.print("new value");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(MAX);
lcd.print('%');
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
}
}

24. • The farmers working in the farm lands
are solely dependent on the rains and bore wells for
irrigation of land.
• Even if the farm land has a water-pump, manual
intervention by farmers is required to turn the pump
on/off whenever needed.
• Our project will help the farmers by removing manual
intervention controlled by microcontroller using
moisture sensor and giving highly
efficient in conservation of water