The document provides an overview of attention and memory from a psychology perspective. It defines attention and discusses types of attention like voluntary and involuntary. It also covers related topics like distraction, inattention, and span of attention. For memory, it defines types of memory like short-term and long-term memory. It discusses models of memory storage and strategies to improve memory. The document also addresses forgetting and memory disorders. Concept formation and factors influencing perception are also summarized.
memory model is part of Cognitive Processes that are used in interface design.information process model consist of sensory,working and long term memory.these memories must be considered while designing interfaces.
memory model is part of Cognitive Processes that are used in interface design.information process model consist of sensory,working and long term memory.these memories must be considered while designing interfaces.
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
Scope and importance of educational psychologyAnnieThakur3
This presentation is intended to understand
Educational psychology : scope and its importance
Educational Psychology is important because it trains us to watch for different learning situations and how to adapt to those situations accordingly.
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
Scope and importance of educational psychologyAnnieThakur3
This presentation is intended to understand
Educational psychology : scope and its importance
Educational Psychology is important because it trains us to watch for different learning situations and how to adapt to those situations accordingly.
Attention - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 8.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
Attention and it's types are discussed in this presentation with examples it would be help you to understand attention, it's importance, and where, when, and why we pay attention. thanks' MNA Rajput.
The presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing given by INC. for the better understanding and knowledge please refer the books. the learning is the information gaining process where the individual interact with the environment and gain knowledge.
Here you find in this ppt about teaching, its type, objectives of teaching, concept of learning, types of learning, characteristics, blooms taxonomy and all important theories of learning.
Teaching and learning theories from EDLE 5010jistudents
Directions:
Imagine you are the principal in a school with a large influx of new teachers who have been prepared to use constructivist teaching strategies and to distrust direct instruction. Your older teachers, on the other hand, are the opposite – they distrust the new constructivist approaches and believe strongly in “traditional teaching.”
Prepare a 20 minute (or longer) discussion/presentation about different theories of teaching and learning, including direct instruction. Include a PowerPoint presentation with recorded audio on the strengths and weaknesses of each of the learning perspectives discussed in this chapter –behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist. Be sure to discuss the situations for which the behavioral approach is best. Give at least one example for each approach. Make sure that during your presentation, you:
Consider the pros and cons of direct instruction
Contrast direct instruction with a constructivist approach to teaching
Examine under what situations each approach is appropriate
Propose and defend a balanced approach to teaching.
This is a wonderful information and cite the author if you are using it in your presentation. Thank you for checking it out.
Meaning & Definition of Population & Sampling, Types of Sampling - Probability & Non-Probability Sampling Techniques, Characteristics of Probability Sampling Techniques, Types of Probability Sampling Techniques, Characteristics of Non-Probability Sampling Techniques, Types of Non-Probability Sampling Techniques, Errors in Sampling, Size of sample, Application of Sampling Technique in Research
Theories of Motivation - Instincts Theories, Drive – Reduction Theories, Arousal Theory, Incentive Theory, Opponent-Process Theory, Cognitive Theories - Expectancy-Value Theory, Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Attribution Theory, Equity Theory, Social Cognitive Theory - Maslow’s Hierarchy, ERG Theory, Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Theory X and Theory Y, Acquired Needs Theory, Neo-Freudian Theories - Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, Analytical Psychology Of Carl J Jung, Carl Rogers, Gestalt theory, Kurt Koffka Theory, Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development, Karen Horney – Neurotic Relationships, Harry Stack-Sullivan – Selective Inattention, Erich Fromm – Choice of Freedom, The Social Unconscious Orientations, Type A,B, C and D Personalities, Behavioural, Cognitive And Humanistic Perspectives, Temperamental Theories of Personality - Gordon Allport, Ancient Theories of Temperament, Hierarchy of Traits And Super-Factors, Self-report Measures, Projective Techniques
Meaning, Definition, Factor Theories, Two-Factor Theory, Theory of Primary Mental Abilities, The Structure of Intellect Theory, Process Theories, Multiple Intelligence, Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, Assessment of intelligence, intelligence tests, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Culture-fair intelligence tests, Extremes of Intelligence, Mental Retardation, Intellectual Giftedness, Triarchic Theory of Giftedness, Characteristics of Giftedness
Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Banking Model of Education. Transmission model, Needs in the Ethic of care model, Vindication of the Rights of Men, Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha
Social Brain, Signs of Social Intelligence, Strategies to Develop Social Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence, Components of Emotional Intelligence, How Emotional Intelligence Is Measured, Impact of Emotional Intelligence
Nature of Guidance, Need for Guidance, Principles of Guidance, Types of Guidance, Guidance Services in Schools, Vocational Guidance, Principles of Counselling, Types of Counselling, Professional Ethics of a Counsellor, Guidance Vs Counselling
Characteristics of Critical Thinking, Importance of Critical Thinking, Elements of Critical Thinking Process, Principles of Critical Thinking, Types of Critical Thinking, Critical Thinking Skills, Critical Thinking Barriers
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. Attention: Meaning, nature, distraction,
inattention, divided attention and span
of attention – determinants of attention
– Sensation and Perception – Law of
perception: Errors in perception (illusion
and Hallucination) – Concept Formation:
types and theories – Memory: meaning,
types of memory, Storage system of
memory and strategies for improving
memory – Forgetting: meaning, causes,
theory of forgetting – Memory disorder.
4. Meaning of Attention
• “Act of directing one’s thought” towards a
particular act or object
• Concentration or focusing of consciousness
upon one object
• Military command – prepares a soldier for an
action
-Woodworth
5. Definition of Attention
• Attention is the process of getting an object
of thought clearly before the mind
-Ross (1951)
• Process which compels the individual to
select some particular stimulus according to
his interest and attitude out of the
multiplicity of stimuli present in the
environment
-Sharma R. N. (1967)
6. Characteristics
• Selective
• Direction of mental activity – knowing,
feeling and willing
• Shifting
• Attracted by new things
• Makes clear in our consciousness the object
which we attend to
• Arouses the individual to attend the
particular objects
• Creates a attentive attitude of the individual
8. • Attention
–Non-volitional
• Enforced –(sustained by instincts)
• Spontaneous -(sustained by a sentiment)
–Volitional
• Implicit -(obtained by a single act of will)
• Explicit -(obtained by repeated acts of will)
9. Distraction
• Kind of stimulus which distracts our
attention from the objects which we are
focusing
• Example:
-Sound of music played on streets –
disturbs – attention of the students in a
classroom
10. Causes of Distraction
• Abnormal student strength
• Defective lighting
• Abnormal temperature in class
rooms
• Uncomfortable seats
11. Methods of Eliminating Distraction
• Much emphasis and importance must be
given to the task
• Create favourable situation
• Make lesson interesting
• Training in concentration
• Attention-distracting objects removed from
the neighbourhood
• Encounter same type of distraction everyday
– used to them and start ignoring it
12. Inattention
• The absence of attention
• Its outward signs –
• The student is careless about the object which
of primary attention
• Movement of students’ eyes are random and
not fixed
• Seems to be perplexed – does not understand
and receive clear impressions
• Seems to be restless and writhing his body
15. Division of Attention
• If a person concentrates on two works
simultaneously
• Two physical work at a time
• One physical work and one mental work
at a time
• Develop these skills by constant practice
16. Span of Attention
• Span means the number of objects or events
one individual can attend to at a given time
• Number of things one can attend to at any
time
• It is a threshold to perceive at a glance at a
given duration of exposure
• At a glance how many letters, digits one can
see and reproduce
• Amount of information which can be
received from a complex stimulus in a single
moment
19. • Individual difference exists
• Human sense organ can perceive
only limited objects or events at a
time
• Employed by police and transport
departments – giving four digits
numbers to motor vehicles
20. Determinants of Attention
Objective/External factors Subjective/Internal factors
Stimulus Instincts
Size Interest
Intensity Need
Change Mental set
Contrast Mood
Novelty Physiological condition
Movement Habit
Repetition Heredity
Systematic form
22. Sensation
• Sense organs - Gateways of knowledge
• Knowledge is realized through sense
organs
• Immediate result of sense organ being
acted upon by appropriate stimuli
• Derived from the stimulation of the
sense organs or receptors
23. Name of the
sense organ
Name of the sense Sensation
Eyes Visual sense Vision
Ears Auditory sense Hearing
Nose Olfactory sense Smell
Tongue Gustatory sense Taste
Skin Tactile sense Touch
24.
25.
26.
27. Perception
• Perception = Sensation + Meaningful
Interpretation
• Process of getting to know objects and
objective facts by the use of the senses
-R.S. Woodworth and D.G. Marquis
28. Characteristics
• Meaningful
• Selective
• Our past experience determines the nature of
perception
• Synthetic activity
• Analysis in perception
• Analysis and synthesis occur at the same time
• Process of integration takes place
34. Determinants of Perception
• External Factors
i. Proximity
ii. Similarity
iii. Continuity
iv. Closure
• Internal Factors
i. Past experiences
ii. Attitude or Mental set
36. Illusion
• That which does not really exist
• Visual Illusion
• Auditory Illusion
• Optical Illusion – physically equal,
subjectively and psychologically unequal
51. Meaning of Concept
• Generalized image or idea which
stands for a group of objects that
have some common characteristics
• Man, Animal, Book, Car, Tree etc. -
Concepts
55. Gagne’s Hierarchical Learning Theory
• Signal Learning
• S-R Learning
• Chaining
• Verbal Association Learning
• Multiple Discrimination Learning
• Concept Learning
• Rule/Principle Learning
• Problem Solving
56. John Dewey’s Problem Solving
• Awareness of the Problem
• Recognition of the problem
• Collection of Data
• Formulation of Hypotheses
• Evaluation or Testing of Hypothesis
• Making of Generalization
57. Teacher’s Role
• Moderate Motivation
• Encourage Divergent Thinking
• Problem should be presented as a whole
• Level of Difficulty
• Active Manipulation
• Practice
• Incomplete Solution of Problems
58. Piaget’s
Cognitive Development Theory
• Sensory Motor Stage
- (Birth to 2 years)
• Pre-operational Stage
- (2 to 7 years)
• Concrete Operational Stage
- (7 to 11 years)
• Formal Operational Stage
- (11 years to adulthood)
59. Bruner’s Cognitive Development or
Meaning Verbal Learning Theory
1 Enactive
Representation
Motor actions and
Movements
Pre-school
Stage
2 Iconic
Representation
Sensory Images or
Mental Pictures
Childhood
Stage
3 Symbolic
Representation
Words, Symbols,
Formula
Adolescence
Stage
61. Concept Maps
• Lead from
“Ausubel’s Theory of Advanced Organizers”
• Novak and Gowin –
developed Concept Maps in Teaching
62. Concept Maps
It is useful in explaining the
general principles formed out of
many related ideas and also the
mutual relationships existing
between the various general
principles themselves
73. Uses of Concept Maps
• To understand:
The relationship between the various ideas put forth in a
lesson -
Lead to the general principles
How the different general principles are themselves
related
• To prepare a classified summary of the ideas learnt in a
lesson -
Hierarchical way
Linkage
Cross linkage
• Helps the teacher to prepare the lesson for the class
• Given as a follow up activity to pupils – Home Assignment
• Promotes Analytical thinking in students –
Learning become meaningful and comprehensive
74. Memory - Meaning
• Layman – capacity to reproduce what is learnt
• Psychologists – Remembering
• Remembering – An active process of Mental
search
• Remembering – Retention & Retrieving
• Retention – What is learnt
• Retrieving – Retrieving it when it is required for
subsequent use
75. Remembering – 3 Stages
Learning
or
Memorizing
Retention
or
storing
Retrieving
or gaining
access to it
(Recall
or
Recognition)
76. Learning or Memorizing
Learning
Depends
on
Nature of
Learning
Material
Length or Amount
Meaningfulness
Complexity
Association
Nature of
the
Learner
Physical Condition
Intelligence
Interest/Motivation
Need
Learning
Methods
Rote Learning/Meaningful Learning
Spaced/Massed Learning
Whole/Part Learning
Associative Learning
77. Kinds of Memory
Incidental or
Intentional
Memory
Vivid or
Indistinct
Memory
Observational
or Rote
Memory
88. Strategies for Improving Memory
• Have the desire or motivation to learn
• Meaningful material is learnt quickly and
retained longer
• Follow SQ3R method (Survey, Questioning,
Recite, Repeat ad and Review)
• Spacing the learning periods
• Recitation
• Over-learning
89. • Rhymes and logical associations
• Mnemonic devices – VIBGYOR
• Multisensory learning
• Periodical rest and sleep immediately after
learning – improves retention
• Subjects of study – arranged
• Teacher – Instruction Style – Concept Maps
98. MEMORY DISORDERS
• Result of damage to neuro-anatomical
structures that hinders the storage, retention
and recollection of memories
• Progressive including Alzheimer’s disease
• Immediate including disorders from head
injury
103. Role of Teacher in
Teaching and Learning
Teacher as
a
Model
Teacher as
a
Transmitter
of
knowledge
Teacher as
a
Facilitator
of
Knowledge
Teacher as
a
Negotiator
Teacher as
a
Co-Learner
104. Credit to the Sources
Images are taken from
INTERNET Sources