Thorndike's theory of trial and error learning posits that learning occurs through a process of testing responses until the correct one is discovered. He conducted experiments with cats in puzzle boxes to demonstrate this. Over repeated trials, the cats decreased incorrect responses like scratching and biting, and eventually learned to open the door by pulling a string in a single trial as the proper response was identified through elimination of errors. Thorndike's laws of learning describe how responses become associated with stimuli through satisfaction or annoyance, and how repetition strengthens these connections while disuse weakens them.
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
its all about learning and u can find out all your doubts related to learning and if you have any more information so just email us sharmasandeep328@gmail.com.....
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
its all about learning and u can find out all your doubts related to learning and if you have any more information so just email us sharmasandeep328@gmail.com.....
Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all of a sudden through understanding the relationships of various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error.
Insight learning also involves the “I have found it!” feeling or “Eureka”.
Insight learning is also express as the “Aha Moment”.
Insight learning refers to the sudden realisation of a solution of a problem
This PPT contains topic Learning from Unit 3 Cognitive Process of the subject Psychology for F.Y.B.SC.Nursing.
Learning, as a cognitive process, involves acquiring knowledge, skills, understanding, and behaviors through experience, study, practice, or teaching. It's a fundamental aspect of human cognition, enabling individuals to adapt, solve problems, make decisions, and improve their performance in various domains of life. Cognitive processes play a critical role in how we perceive, encode, store, and retrieve information during the learning process.
Edward LEE Thorndike Educational Theory.pptxKristineRanyah
Educational Theory by Edward Thorndike. He was the first American psychologist who put forward the Trial and Error Theory of learning.
*Three Fundamental Laws of Learning
*Educational Implications of Law of Exercise
*Educational Implications of Law of Readiness
This slide explains the key concepts and principles of Thorndike's theory, including experiments with animals, such as puzzle boxes, and how these experiments contributed to his theory.
An operant is a set of acts which constitutes an organism doing
something. In the process of operant conditioning operant responses are modified or changed by reinforcement Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior. An operant is a set of acts which constitutes an organism doing something. In the process of operant conditioning operant responses are modified or changed by reinforcement. It is called trial and error learning .
Video link: You can see video from YouTube also
https://youtu.be/BfK8O61ar4E
www.youtube.com/channel/UCAxHLKkrYaZ62adpr47kr8w?view_as=subscriber
Skinner Operant conditioning | Thorndike trial and error learning ProfessorBellaLetstr
Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior. An operant is a set of acts which constitutes an organism doing something. In the process of operant conditioning operant responses are modified or changed by reinforcement. It is called trial and error learning .you can download it link is given
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R02XvbCA5oCp7Ol36Wai7cXcgMr-pkqe/view?usp=sharing
www.youtube.com/channel/UCAxHLKkrYaZ62adpr47kr8w?view_as=subscriber
power point presentation on reading comprehension-reading comprehension a brief discussion-discussion on reading comprehension-how to improve reading comprehension
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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1. TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNIG THEORY
By Edward Lee Thorndike, an American
psychologist.
Prepared by Mumthaz PP
(1874-1949)
2. According to him learning takes place by trial and
error. In learning the learner selects a correct
response out of a large number of possible ones
and connects it with the appropriate stimulus.
Learning by this method is called trial and error
learning theory.
3. Thorndike formulated his theory, based on his
experiments conducted on his cat in the puzzle box.
The door of the box could be opened by pulling the
strings inside the box. A fish was kept outside. The cat
was tried to come out of the box by squeezing,
jumping, biting etc. As the experiment was repeated
for several times the wrong movements decreased and
in the end the cat was able to open the door in a single
trial.
Experiment
7. 1.Motive or drive
Drive is a tension state resulting from
needs. Where there is drive or motive
there is learning. In the present
experiment drive was hunger.
8. 2.Stimulus or goal
It is the casual factor for activity. In the
present experiment, food is the stimulus.
To get the food by getting out of the box is
the goal.
9. 3. Responses
The cat makes a number of varied types of
responses like scratching, pulling etc. The
responses which lead to the goal known as
satisfying responses. The responses which do
not lead to the goal is known as annoying
responses.
11. As a result of random movements, the
cat, by chance, succeeded in opening
the door.
5. Chance success
12. 6. Selection of proper movement
Gradually the cat selected the proper
way of pulling the string out of its
random movements.
13. 7. Fixation
At last, the cat learned the proper way of
opening the door by eliminating all the incorrect
responses and fixing only right response. Now
the cat was able to open the door without any
error.
16. Law of readyness
The law states that “when any conduction unit is
ready to conduct, for it to conduct is satisfying.
When any conduction unit is not ready to
conduct, for it to conduct is annoying. When any
conduction unit is ready to conduct, for it not to
conduct is also annoying.”
17. Law of effect
The law stated that “any behavior that is followed
by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated,
and any behavior followed by unpleasant
consequences is likely to be stopped.”
18. Law of exercise
The law states that repeated exercising of a
response strengthens its connection with the
stimulus. And connection is weakened through
failure of practice.
19. Law of exercise
1. Law of use: 2. Law of disuse:
With practice, the
connection is strengthened.
When the practice is
discontinued, connection is
weakened.
21. Law of multiple response
The law implies that confronted with a new
situation, the organism response in a variety of
ways before arriving at the correct response.
22. Law of attitude
Learning is guided by the attitude of the organism
towards the task. The learner performs the task
properly, if he has developed a healthy attitude
towards the task.
23. Law of analogy
An individual response to a new situation on the
basis of the responses made by him in similar
situation in the past, that is the organism makes
responses by analogy.
24. Law of associative shifting
The law states that “any response may elicited
from the learner in associated with any situation
to which he is sensitive.”
