Nature of Guidance, Need for Guidance, Principles of Guidance, Types of Guidance, Guidance Services in Schools, Vocational Guidance, Principles of Counselling, Types of Counselling, Professional Ethics of a Counsellor, Guidance Vs Counselling

1. Guidance and Counselling
M. Vijayalakshmi
M.Sc., M.Phil. (Life Sciences), M.Ed., M.Phil. (Education),
NET (Education), PGDBI
Assistant Professor (Former),
Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Education (Autonomous),
Coimbatore – 641020.

2. Meaning
• Personal help given by others is called guidance.
• Some form of help and assistance given to an individual
to solve their problems.
• Guidance as the promotion of the growth of the
individual in self- direction.
• Guidance helps the individuals to adjust to the
environment.

3. Definition
• Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own
efforts to discover and develop his potentialities for his personal
happiness and social usefulness
• Ruth Strang
• Guidance as a process through which an individual is able to solve
their problems and pursue a path suited to their abilities and
aspirations.
• JM Brewer
• Guidance is a continuous process of helping the individual
development in the maximum of their capacity in the direction most
beneficial to himself and to society
• Stoops and Wahlquist

4. Nature of Guidance
1.Guidance stands for the process of education as a whole
2. It is meant for all the children
3. It is attainment of self-direction by an individual
4. It is a continuous process
5. It is both a science and an art
6. It is a team work
7. It is functional by nature
8. It is a process of assisting an individual to find his place
9. It establishes an effective relationship
10. It is regarded as a professional process

5. Need for Guidance
• Directing the Academic Growth
• Directing Vocational Maturity
• Directing Personal Social Adjustment
• Guidance to Cope with Special Problem of Home and
Society
• Guidance to Cope with Special Problems of School
• Guidance for National Planning

6. Basic Facts about Guidance
• Guidance fulfils some Aims of Education
• Guidance is Paedocentric
• Guidance is a sort of Service
• Guidance is Universal
• Guidance is Assistance
• Guidance is Planning

7. Principles of Guidance
1. Principle of all-round development of the
individual.
2. The principle of human uniqueness.
3. Principle of holistic development.
4. The principle of cooperation.
5. The principle of continuity.
6. The principle of extension.
7. The principle of elaboration.
8. The principle of adjustment.
9. Principle of individual needs.
10. The principle of expert opinion.
11. The principle of evaluation.
12. The principle of responsibility.
13. The principle of periodic appraisal.

8. Types of Guidance
• Personal-social guidance
• Education guidance
• Vocational guidance
• Physical guidance
• Hygiene guidance
• Martial guidance
• Home guidance

9. Guidance Services in Schools
Types of Services
• Data Collection Service
• Occupational Information Service
• Self Inventory Service
• Counselling Service
• Vocational Preparatory Service
• The Placement Service
• Follow-up and Adjustment Service
• Research Service

10. Educational Guidance
• At Elementary Stage
• At Secondary Stage
• At College Stage

11. Guidance at Elementary School level
• To adjust the new environment.
• To adjust the special character of some children.
• To identify learning difficulties and the special needs of children.
• To reduce the learning disabilities.
• To preserve their emotional, educational, social needs.
• To prevent emotional, educational, social backwardness.

12. Guidance at Secondary School level
• Increase self-knowledge and how to relate effectively to others.
• Broaden the knowledge about the changing environment.
• Helps them reach their fullest academic potential.
• Provides opportunities for career exploration, planning and decision
making.
• Provides an opportunity for networking with services and thus
establishes an effective support system.
• To help child in selecting subjects.
• To help child to maintain good health.
• To encourage children.
• To participate in co-curricular activities.
• To develop & maintain records of children.

13. Guidance at College level
• Sorting out their educational problems.
• To develop personality and behaviour.
• To provide a complete picture about the reality of life.
• To help them in achieving the goals of life.
• To acquaint them with the scope of higher studies.
• To enable them to plan and organise seminars etc.
• To help them in finding job opportunities.

14. Vocational Guidance
•Vocational Guidance is, that phase of guidance
which is for both group and an individual, and
provides information about the experience in
occupation, job selection, placement and follow
up.

15. Need for Vocational Guidance
• Complex nature of society
• Individual difference
• The health point of view
• Personal and social values
• Absence of vocational guidance will lead to Three –
fold losses – (Personal, Company and Nation)

16. Counselling
Meaning
• Counselling and guidance are different in nature. Counselling
is a part of guidance
Definition
• A counselling interview is a person to person relationship.
One individual with problems and needs, talks to another
person for assistance
• Erickson

17. Principles of Counselling
• It is a unique to an individual
• It is concerned with the whole individual and not just with his/her
intellectual life alone.
• It is always goal oriented and goal directed.
• It is a professional activity.
• It should be based on thorough knowledge of characteristics of
the stages of human growth and development.
• It is a continuous process.
• It is meant for all those who need help.

18. Cont….
• It is not specified for any stage of development of student.
• It is concerned with all, not only with special or problem
students, therefore have adequate evidence before designating a
person as abnormal.
• The dignity of the individual is supreme.
• Each individual is different from every other individual.
• The individual generally acts to enhance his perceived self.
• The primary concern of guidance is the individual in his social
setting.
• The individual needs a continuous guidance process from early
childhood through adulthood.

19. Steps involved in the Counselling Process
• The individual (client) comes for help
• The counsellor establishes rapport with the client through the first
interview
• The helping situation is defined
• The counsellor encourages his client to give free expressions to his
concerns (Catharsis)
• The counsellor accepts, recognises and helps to clarify negative feelings
and limitations in the client (Diagnosis)
• The counsellor accepts, recognises positive feelings (Prognosis)
• Development of insight of the client into his problem (Counselling)
• Establishing new goals (Counselling)
• Growth of confidence and ability to take decisions (Counselling)
• Follow up (Counselling)
• No more need for help (Terminating the Counselling)

20. Types of Counselling
•Directive Counselling
•Non-directive Counselling
•Eclectic Counselling

21. Directive Counselling
• E.G. Williamson
• Counsellor plays a more active role – Counsellor Centred
• Role of Counsellor in Directive Counselling
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis
• Counselling and Treatments
• Follow-up and Evaluation

22. Non-directive Counselling
• Carl Rogers
• Counselle-Centred
• Counsellor defines the problematic situation
• Counsellor is permissive so that the client feels free to express his
feelings
• The counsellor recognises and classifies the negative and positive
feelings of the client
• As insight begins to develop in the client, the counsellor continues to
reflect and clarify the new feeling of the client
• Counsellor watches for signs that the counselling situation should be
terminated. The client or the counsellor may suggest termination

23. Eclectic Counselling
• It is a combination and synthesis of the previous two types of the
counselling
• F.C.Throne
• The cause of the personality maladjustment should be located
• Proper conditions of efficient learning should be secured
• The counsellor should encourage the student to develop his own
resources and assume responsibility for trying out new modes of
adjustments
• Any related problem which may contribute to the adjustment of the
student should be handled properly

24. Professional Ethics of a Counsellor
• Upholding the Professional Standards and Integrity
• Holding the Confidentially of the Client
• Utilising the information obtained during Counselling Properly for
Research Purpose
• Using appropriate Psychological Tests
• Respecting Colleagues / Organisations in the field

25. Difference between Guidance and Counselling
Guidance Counselling
 It is a wider process.
 It is a comprehensive process.
 It can be in individual as well as in
group.
 It is concerned with educational,
vocational and others problem
along with personal problem.
 Any person can provide through
the magazines, books and
correspondence.
 Guidance has been given by any
person.
 It has narrower; meaning.
 It is an integral part of guidance.
 Counseling of one individual is
possible at a time.
 It usually helps in solving the
problems of mental health and
emotions.
 In counseling, the role of mutual
consultation and reasoning is very
important.
 Pre-training is must for Counsellor.

26. Guidance Vs Counselling