This document provides an overview of general methods of teaching. It discusses key concepts including pedagogy, which focuses on guiding students' cognitive development, and andragogy, which emphasizes adult learners' responsibility for their own learning. The document also defines teaching as a process of imparting knowledge and skills through various methods and settings. It examines the nature of teaching as a complex, interactive process involving stimulation and guidance. Finally, it outlines general principles of teaching like ensuring aims and activities are linked to real life, as well as psychological principles like providing feedback and encouraging self-learning.

1. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
INTRODUCTION
TO
TEACHING

2. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING
❖Introduction
❖Etymology
❖Concept of Teaching
❖Definitions of Teaching
❖Nature of Teaching
❖Principles of Teaching

3. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Introduction
Education is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits (UNESCO SDG-04)
Elements of Education
❖Aims/ Objective
❖Pedagogy
❖Curriculum
❖Evaluation
Foundations of Education
❖Historical
❖Psychological
❖Philosophical
❖Sociological

4. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Pedagogy
❖Pedagogy refers to the science and art of teaching children and
young people, usually in formal educational settings such as schools
and universities.
❖It focuses on the development of cognitive and intellectual abilities,
as well as personal and social skills.
❖The pedagogical approach is based on the premise that students need
to be guided, instructed and motivated in order to learn effectively.

5. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Andragogy
❖Andragogy, is the study of adult learning. It emphasizes the need for
learners to take responsibility for their own learning and focuses on the
self-directed and experiential nature of adult learning.
❖This approach is based on the belief that adults have a wealth of life
experience and prior knowledge that can be used to enhance their learning.
❖The goal of andragogy is to help adults acquire the skills, knowledge, and
attitudes needed to meet the challenges of everyday life.

6. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Etymological Meaning of Teaching
❖The word "teaching" comes from the Old English word "tǣcan,"
which means "to show, point out, or give instruction."
❖The word "tǣcan" is related to the Old High German word "ziohan,"
which means "to point, indicate, or show.“
❖The word "teacher" comes from the Old English word "tǣcere," which
means "an instructor or a person who shows or points out."
❖The word "tǣcere" is derived from "tǣcan" and has the same root as
"teaching."

7. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Concept of Teaching
❖Teaching is the process of imparting knowledge, skills, values, and
attitudes to another person or group of people.
❖It involves the transfer of information and the development of
understanding.
❖Teaching can occur in various settings, including schools, universities,
workplaces, and community organizations.
❖It can take many forms, such as lectures, discussions, demonstrations,
simulations, and hands-on activities.

8. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Concept of Teaching
❖Effective teaching creates a positive learning environment that supports the
individual needs and learning styles of students.
❖Teaching is a profession or a vocation that requires specialized knowledge,
training, and skills.
❖It involves not only conveying information but also inspiring and motivating
learners to take an active role in their own education.
❖The goal of teaching is to empower individuals to develop their full
potential, contribute to society, and make a positive difference in the world.

9. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Definitions of Teaching
❖“Teaching is intimate contact between a more mature personality and a
less mature one which designed to further the education of the latter”. H.C
Morrison
❖According to B.O. Smith teaching as “Teaching is a system of actions
intended to induce learning”
❖According to Clerk, Teaching refers to activities that are designed and
performed to produce in students’ behaviour.

10. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Definitions of Teaching
❖According to Burton “Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction and
encouragement of learning”
❖According to Yoakam and Simpson “Teaching is the means where by the
experienced members of the group guide the immature and infant
members in their adjustment of life.”
❖According to N.L.Gage, “Teaching is a form interpersonal influence
aimed at changing the behavior potential another person”.

11. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Definitions of Teaching
❖According to Edmund Amidon “an interactive process, primarily
involving classroom talk which takes place between teacher and pupil and
occurs during certain definable activities”
❖According to Jackson, Teaching is a face-to-face encounter between two
or more persons, one of whom (teacher) intends to effect certain changes
in the other participants (students).

12. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Nature of Teaching
The Nature of Teaching is a complex and dynamic process that involves
multiple elements and interactions.
❖Teaching as a triangular process
❖A chain of activities
❖Causes change in behavior
❖Intimate contact
❖Interactive process
❖Direction, guidance, and
stimulation
❖Art as well as science
❖Leads to the child's development

13. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Principles of Teaching
❖The principles of teaching refer to a set of guidelines that inform and guide
the practice of teaching. These principles are based on educational research
and best practices, and they provide teachers with a framework for creating
effective and engaging learning experiences for their students.
❖There are two main types of principles of teaching:
1. General Principles
2. Psychological Principles

14. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
General Principles of Teaching
❖General principles of teaching refer to overarching concepts that are
applicable across all subjects and age groups.
❖These principles are designed to support student learning and are based
on a variety of educational theories and best practices

15. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
General Principles of Teaching
❖Aim
❖Activity
❖Linking with Actual Life
❖Knowledge of Entering Behavior
❖Planning
❖Subject- Mastery
❖Pupil-Participation
❖Utilizing Past Experiences
❖Repetition and Exercise
❖Liberating the Learner
The following are General Principles of teaching:

16. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Psychological Principles of Teaching
❖Psychological principles of teaching refer to specific psychological
theories and concepts that inform teaching practices.
❖These principles are based on the study of how people learn and how to
support their cognitive, emotional, and social development.

17. General Methods of Teaching (GMT)
Psychological Principles of Teaching
❖Feedback and Reinforcement
❖Providing Training to Senses
❖Utilizing Group Dynamics
❖Encouraging Self-Learning
❖Foster Creativity and Self-
Expression
❖Remedial Teaching
The following are Psychological Principles of teaching:

18. General Methods of Teaching
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