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Vijayalakshmi Murugesan, profile picture
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Problem Solving

The document outlines the concept of problem solving, detailing the components and stages involved, such as identifying the original and goal states, as well as the rules governing transitions between them. It discusses various strategies for problem solving including trial and error, hypothesis testing, algorithms, and heuristics, while highlighting factors that may affect the effectiveness of these strategies. Additionally, it notes the challenges posed by ill-defined and complex problems, as well as perceptual obstacles like mental sets and confirmation bias.

Education◦
PROBLEM SOLVING M. Vijayalakshmi M.Sc., M.Phil. (Life Sciences), M.Ed., M.Phil. (Education), NET (Education), PGDBI Assistant Professor (Former), Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Education (Autonomous), Coimbatore – 641020.
Problem Solving (Current and Desire State) •When there is a discrepancy between our current status and some goal that we wish to achieve, with no obvious ways to bridge the gap then a problem is said be present.
Essential components of a problem •Original state (OS) •Goal state (GS) •Rules and restrictions – govern movement from original state to goal state
Stages of Problem Solving •Representing the problem •Generating possible solutions •Evaluating the solution
Problem Solving Strategies •Trial and error – Narrow range of solution •Testing hypothesis – Systematic approach to solve problem •Use of algorithms – Using all the formula’s until you get the correct answer •Heuristics – Rule of the thumb – means-ends analysis, working backward
Factors affecting problem solving •Characteristics of the problem – Ill defined problems and complex problems are difficult to be solved. After M.Ed. ? •Perceptual obstacles – Mental set Functional fixedness and Confirmation bias.
Problem Solving